Safety evaluation of chromium picolinate in experimental rats

Background: Chromium, an essential trace mineral plays an important role in the metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and proteins. Chromium picolinate (Cr.Pic) is used in alternative medicine to treat chromium deficiency. Though Cr.Pic is increasingly used to treat diabetes and obesity, studies on its safety profile is limited.Methods: Acute toxicity study was conducted by oral administration of Cr.Pic (2000 mg/kg body weight). The animals were maintained another 14 days with once a day observation. For sub-chronic studies, test groups were treated with Cr.Pic 10 mg/kg/day for 90 days. Tests for hepatic and renal function were conducted. Effect of Cr.Pic on behavioural changes and motor co-ordination was done on every week. Histopathological studies were conducted on day 90 at the end of the experiment.Results: Acute toxicity study of Cr.Pic showed no signs of toxicity and mortality. Absence of any behavioural alteration or mortality during the period of 14 days indicates that Cr.Pic has no latent effect. Similar results were obtained with sub-chronic studies suggesting safety of Cr.Pic. Cr.Pic treated groups showed no changes in learning and motor co-ordination compared to the untreated group. No gross histopathological changes were seen in any group indicating safety of Cr.Pic.Conclusions: The present study conferred safety profile of Cr.Pic from normal results obtained in hepatic function, renal function, behavioural and histopathological studies, suggesting its safety.

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TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AYURVEDIC FORMULATION: GOKSHURADI GUGGULU

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i9.19295 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Gamit Kanan G ◽

Raval Manan A

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Dose Level ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Toxicological Evaluation ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Histopathological Studies

Objective: To evaluate toxicological studies of Ayurvedic formulation Gokshuradi Guggulu (GG) on male Wistar rats.Methods: Acute toxicity study was conducted as per the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines.Results: Results from the present study have elucidated that treatment with GS exerted no significant signs of toxicity at dose level 2000 mg/kg body wt. There was no mortality observed in all the groups. Behavioral, biochemical, and hematological parameters and histopathological studies were not significantly much altered as compared to control group.Conclusion: LD50 for GS was >2000 mg/kg. Thus, it is regarded as safe or non-toxic.

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Sub-acute Toxicity Study of The Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Asam Kandis Rinds (Garcinia cowa Roxb.) on the Liver and Renal Function in Mice

Pharmacognosy Journal ◽

10.5530/pj.2017.3.58 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 345-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fatma Sri Wahyuni ◽

Dessy Arisanty ◽

Nelsi Fitri Hayaty ◽

Dian Ayu Juwita ◽

Almahdy A

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Garcinia Cowa

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Safety evaluation of tangeretin and the effect of using emulsion-based delivery system: Oral acute and 28-day sub-acute toxicity study using mice

Food Research International ◽

10.1016/j.foodres.2015.04.031 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 ◽

pp. 140-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yuwen Ting ◽

Yi-Shiou Chiou ◽

Yike Jiang ◽

Min-Hsiung Pan ◽

Zhengyu Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Delivery System ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Acute Toxicity Study

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PHARMACOGNOSTIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF Ficus sycomorus (Linn) (Moraceae) ROOT AND STEM BARK

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2020-0402-244 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 605-614

Author(s):

Murtala M. Namadina ◽

H. Haruna ◽

U. Sanusi

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Stem Bark ◽

The Body ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Root Extract ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Radical Scavenging Ability ◽

Phytochemical Components

Most of biochemical reactions in the body generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related disorders like diabetes, nephrotoxicity, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, inflammation and neurological disorders when they attack biochemical molecules like proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. Antioxidants are used to protect the cells or tissues against potential attack by ROS. Most medicinal plants possess a rich source of antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids among others. These phytochemicals are currently pursued as an alternative and complimentary drug. In this study, phytochemical components, antioxidant and acute toxicity study of the methanol extract of stem bark and root of F. sycomorus were carried out using standard methods. Findings from this study revealed the presence of some diagnostic microscopical features such as calcium oxalate, starch, gum/mucilage, lignin, Aleurone grain, suberized/Cuticular cell wall and inulin but calcium carbonate was absent in stem bark but present in the powdered root. Quantitative physical constants include moisture contents (6.40% and 7.82%), ash value (7.20% and 9.30 %) in stem bark and root respectively. Carbohydrates, alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycoside, steroid, triterpenes and phenols were present in all the extracts. They were found to exhibit potent 1,1,-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free scavenging activity. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the extracts showed the following trend Ascorbic acid < stem bark extract˃ root extract. The LD50 of the methanolic stem bark and root extracts were found to be greater than 5000 mg /kg and is considered safe for use. Nonetheless, further

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In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Withania coagulans extract

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315509666190416155757 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 09 ◽

Author(s):

Tejas Patel ◽

B.N. Suhagia

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Withania Coagulans ◽

Study Results

Background: Diabetes mellitus is major issue to public health as its prevalence is rising day by day. Synthetic agents available for the diabetic treatment are expensive or produce undesirable side effect on chronic use and some of them are not suitable during pregnancy. Herbal medicines accepted widely due to side effects and low cost. Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate the activity of Withania coagulans extract using In-vitro and In-vivo model. Methods: Different three types of Withania coagulans extract were prepared using aqueous (W1), Alcohol (W2) and hydro-alcoholic (50:50) mixture (W3). In-vitro Anti-diabetic activity of the all three extracts evaluated using RINm5F Pancreatic beta cells.Further, n-vivo anti-diabetic evaluation performed by administering 50 mg/kg (p.o) aqueous extract for 7 days in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice. Body weight of the animals was also determined to perform acute toxicity study. Results: The results of in –vitro cell based study indicated that among all three extract, aqueous extract (W1) of Withania coagulans showed potential increase in inulin release. The EC50 of the W1 (249.6 µg/L) which is compared with standard (Glibenclamide) EC50. From the results of In-vitro study, W1 subjected for acute toxicity study and the acute toxicity study results indicated LD50 of 50mg/kg. Diabetic rats treated with W1 extract at oral dose of 50 mg/kg for 7 days showed 34.17% reduction in blood glucose in comparison to untreated diabetic (STZ-induced) rats. Blood glucose levels of Standard treated (Glibenclamide) and control untreated. Conclusion: In conclusion, results of pancreatic beta cell based study showed increase in insulin release by administration of extract. Further aqueous extract (W1) was potentially reduced blood glucose level in STZ induced diabetic mice.

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Safety Evaluation of Eucalyptus globulus Essential Oils through Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity and Skin Irritation in Mice and Rats

Current Chemical Biology ◽

10.2174/2212796814999200818095036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 187-195

Author(s):

Berhan Mengiste ◽

Tizazu Zenebe ◽

Kassahun Dires ◽

Ermias Lulekal ◽

Awol Mekonnen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Eucalyptus Globulus ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Skin Irritation ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Subacute Toxicity ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Limit Test ◽

Ointment Formulation

Background: The Eucalyptus globulus extractions have been used by the traditional healers to treat diseases in the study area. Our previous study revealed that the essential oil has antimicrobial and antifungal activity. This study determined phytochemical analysis, skin irritation, acute and subacute toxicity of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil in mice and rats. Methods: The phytochemicals were analyzed using GC-MS mass spectrometry. The acute toxicity study was determined at three dose levels of 1500 mg/kg, 1750mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg. The essential oil limit test at a dose of 1000 mg/kg was administered to mice for 28 consecutive days for sub-acute toxicity study. The mice mortality, behavioral change, injury and other signs of illness were recorded once daily. Biochemical parameters were evaluated. Liver and kidney were analyzed for histopathological analyses. The 5% ointment formulation was applied to the rat skin to determine skin irritation effects. Results: The Eucalyptus globulus essential oil showed no effect on the mice at a dose of 1500mg/kg and below, but caused signs of toxicity and death at a dose of 1750mg/kg and above compared to the controls (p<0.05). The LD50 value was 1650 mg/kg. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the body weights, gross abnormalities of the organs and biochemical parameters compared to the control at 1000 mg/kg subacute toxicity study. No histopathological changes were detected in the organs tested. The 5% ointment formulation did not show any abnormal skin reaction. Discussion: In the present study, the Eucalyptus globulus essential oil was comparable with other studies in terms of both chemical composition and its effects on sub-acute and topical application. Conclusion: This toxicity study demonstrated that Eucalyptus globulus essential oil is nontoxic at a relatively lower concentration.

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