scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic (in vivo) activity of Ariflex liniment in comparison with diclofenac gel by acetic acid induced writhing model

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Sanjay U. Nipanikar ◽  
Sohan S. Chitlange
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Single Animal ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Control Group Group ◽  
Group 1

Background: Adverse effects of available medications for osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) necessitate development of safer and effective alternative medicinal substitutes. The present study was conducted to evaluate analgesic activity of Ariflex liniment (conceptualized and developed by Ari Healthcare Pvt. Ltd.) in comparison with diclofenac gel by using acetic acid induced writhing model.Methods: Albino mice of either sex weighing 20-25 g were taken and divided into 3 groups with 5 animals in each group, i.e., group 1 (control group), group 2 (diclofenac gel) and group 3 (Ariflex liniment). After 1 hour of topical application of study drugs writhing was induced in mice using intra-peritonial injection of 1% acetic acid in volume of 0.1 ml/10 g body weight. Then the writhing episodes were recorded for 30 minutes and results were noted.Results: In the control group, the total number of  writhes were 260±29.73 (mean±S. E. M.). The total number of writhes was 12.17±11.81 (mean ± S. E. M.) in diclofenac group. In Ariflex liniment group, not a single animal felt pain, hence there were no writhes recorded. When compared to control group, the difference in number of writhes was statistically significant. The analgesic activity of Ariflex liniment was found to be superior to that of diclofenac gel used as standard drug.Conclusions: It can be concluded that Ariflex liniment possesses analgesic activity.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC (IN VIVO) ACTIVITY OF ARIFLEX TABLET IN COMPARISON WITH DICLOFENAC AND ACECLOFENAC USING ACETIC ACID INDUCED WRITHING MODEL IN MICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
SANJAY NIPANIKAR ◽  
CHITLANGE SS
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate analgesic activity of Ariflex Tablet which is a polyherbal formulation conceptualized and developed by Ari Healthcare Private in comparison to Aceclofenac and Diclofenac Tablet. Methods: Albino mice of either sex weighing 20–25 g were taken and divided into four groups with six animals in each group. Group 1 (Controlled Group) animals were starved overnight. Group 2 animals were orally administered with Diclofenac Tablet as Standard drug. Group 3 animals were orally administered with Aceclofenac Tablet as Standard drug and Group 4 Animals were orally administered with Ariflex Tablet. The test and standard drugs were orally administered with feeding needle after 1 h of injecting 1% acetic acid intraperitoneally in volume of 0.1 ml/10 g body weight. Writhing episodes were recorded for 30 min by counting the stretching. Results: All the tested formulations possess analgesic activity in acetic acid induced writhing model. Aceclofenac possesses strong analgesic activity compared to other formulations tested. In Ariflex Tablet Group, the number of writhes was 120.6±41.4. If compared to control group, the number of writhes was significantly less suggesting analgesic activity of Ariflex Tablet. Analgesic activity of Ariflex Tablet was close to that of Diclofenac Sodium. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Ariflex Tablet possesses significant analgesic activity. Ariflex Tablet can be used in the management of Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Gouty arthritis, Lumbago, Sciatica, and Spondylitis.

scholarly journals The effectivity of cavity cleanser chlorhexidinegluconate 2% and saponin 0.78% of mangoosteen peel

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Maretha Siwinata ◽  
Nanik Zubaidah ◽  
Adioro Soetojo
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Parametric Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Control Group Group ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Group 1

Background. Use of cavity cleanser is important before restoration the teeth to clean debris, residue of prepared dentine, blood, bacteria, collagen denaturized by teeth preparation. Nowadays, the cavity cleanser that people used still having shortcoming, one of which is the lack of ability to clean the root canal of the smear layer. Purpose. The purpose of this study examines the difference of cavity cleaner between saponin of mangoosteen peel (GarciniaMangostana L.) and chlorhexidinegluconate 2%. Method. Eighteen upper first premolar divided into 3 groups, each of them consist three tooth. Forming the preparation tooth cavity then group 1 using aquadest for control group, group 2 using chlorhexidinegluconate 2%, and group 3 using saponin of mangoosteen peel (GarciniaMangostana L.). For rating cleanliness of the tooth cavity using a scale of cleanliness conducted under Scanning Electron Microscope. Result. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in One-Way ANOVA parametric test andpos hoc test between chlorhexidinegluconate 2 % and saponin of mangoosteen peel to the cleanliness of the tooth cavity. Conclusion.According to the result of the study, it can be concluded that saponin of mangoosteen peel (GarciniaMangostana L.) less effective for cleaning the tooth cavity than chlorhexidinegluconate 2%.

97 PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF EQUINE PLACENTA GENERATED AFTER TRANSFER OF IN VIVO- AND IN VITRO-PRODUCED EMBRYOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lanci ◽  
J. Mariella ◽  
B. Merlo ◽  
C. Castagnetti ◽  
E. Iacono
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Placental changes associated with artificial reproductive technologies have been described in several species, but little information is available in horses. Joy et al. (2012) reported that human placentas from intracytoplasmic sperm injection derived embryos were heavier and thicker than those produced after natural conception. Despite the most growing interest and efficiency of artificial reproductive technologies in equine species, only recently, Pozor et al. (2016) described placental abnormalities in pregnancies generated by somatic cell NT, but there are no studies on equine placenta generated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and traditional embryo transfer. In the present preliminary study, macroscopic differences of placentas generated after transfer of in vitro- or in vivo-produced embryos were registered. Twelve Standardbred recipient mares with pregnancy generated after transfer of in vivo-derived (Group 1) and in vitro-derived (Group 2) embryos were enrolled; 10 Standardbred mares with pregnancy derived by traditional AI were included as control (Group 3). All pregnancies were physiological, and newborn foals were healthy. Mare age, parity, length of pregnancy, gross evaluation and weight of placenta, total length of umbilical cord (UC), length of UC, number of UC coils, foal sex, and weight at birth were registered. Collected data are listed in Table 1 and are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Differences between groups were evaluated by 1-way ANOVA, and the difference in proportion of overweight placentas was evaluated with the Fisher test. The gross evaluation of placenta revealed 8/12 placentas (2/4 Group 1; 6/8 Group 2) were heavier than 11% (Madigan, 1997) due to oedema of the chorioallantois. No overweight placentas were registered in Group 3. In Group 1, 1/4 placentas had villous hypoplasia, and in Group 2, 1/8 placentas had cystic pouches on the UC. There were no significant differences among groups. However, the proportion of overweight placentas between Group 2 (6/8) and Group 3 (0/10) approached significance (P = 0.06). Although preliminary, the results of the present study suggest that production of equine embryos in vitro may lead to alterations in placental development. Several studies in cattle and sheep have suggested that alterations in the placentas of pregnancies derived from in vitro-produced embryos are related to effects of culture on epigenetic regulation. Less is known in the horse about the effects of in vitro embryo production on placental development; thus, further research in this area is necessary. Table 1. Characteristics of full-term placentas derived from AI or embryo transfer with in vivo- and in vitro-produced embryos

scholarly journals Effects of white vinegar on carbohydrate contents in hepatorenal tissues in rats.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Small Concentration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
White Vinegar ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents ◽  
Control Group Group ◽  
Group 1

White vinegar is mildly acidic with a pH of 2-3 that has long been used as a relish and traditional medication that depends on its concentration. Yet even a small amount of white vinegar in a small concentration may cause serious poisoning. Recently, many sorts of white vinegar have been developed using fundamental sources and technologies to satisfy customer needs. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of white vinegar on carbohydrate contents in hepatorenal tissues in rats. Thirty female rats were used, they were divided into three groups, group 1 was given distilled water as the normal control group, group 2 was given white vinegar with a dose (1 ml/kg (5 %)) and group 3 was given white vinegar with a dose (1 ml/kg (10 %)) for two weeks. PAS stain in all treated tissues showed a decrease in carbohydrate contents when compared with the control group. In conclusion, white vinegar consumption has adverse effects on carbohydrate contents in hepatic and renal tissues in rats, hence the quantity of white vinegar should be discouraged or reduced.

10 POSTCERVICAL INSEMINATION OF SOWS WITH REDUCED SPERM NUMBERS IN FIELD CONDITIONS

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
I. Hernandez-Caravaca ◽  
M. J. Izquierdo-Rico ◽  
F. A. Garcia-Vazquez
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Catheter Tip ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Production Industry ◽  
Control Group Group ◽  
Group 1

In the current procedures for AI in pigs, billions of spermatozoa are used (2.5–4.0 × 109 spermatozoa per insemination) in a large volume of liquid (70–100 mL), which is deposited in the cervix at the moment of AI. Approximately 90% of the spermatozoa inseminated cannot be recovered from the uterus at 2 h after AI (Viring S et al. 1980 Acta Vet. Scand. 21, 145–149). Several technical methods are used in the pig production industry for semen application using AI. To reduce the number of spermatozoa, several methods have been developed. The present study was performed to evaluate the reproductive effects under field conditions of postcervical AI (post-CAI) in southeast Spain with multiparous sows. In total, 509 sows were inseminated and divided in 3 groups: sows in the first group were inseminated using cervical AI (CAI, control group) with 3 × 109 spermatozoa in 80 mL of extender (group 1, n = 168); sows in the second group were inseminated by post-CAI using 1.5 × 109 spermatozoa in 40 mL of extender (group 2, n = 175); and sows in the third group were inseminated by post-CAI but using 1 × 109 spermatozoa in 26 mL of extender (group 3, n = 166). The catheter used for post-CAI consisted of a conventional AI catheter with an additional inner catheter that could extend past the catheter tip (Soft & Quick®, Import-Vet, Barcelona, Spain). Day 28 of pregnancy rates, farrowing rates, total pigs born, total live piglets, and stillborns were evaluated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Pregnancy and farrowing rates after post-CAI with 1.5 × 109 or 1 × 109 spermatozoa did not differ from those of the control group (group 1: 87.50%; group 2: 88.57%; group 3: 86.14%; P = 0.367). The number of spermatozoa inseminated did not significantly affect the number of live (12.27 ± 4.99; 12.18 ± 5.20; 12.64 ± 5.31; P = 0.946) or stillborn pigs (1.60 ± 1.79; 1.80 ± 2.27; 1.78 ± 1.84; P = 0.386) or the total number of piglets born (13.87 ± 5.39; 14.02 ± 5.75; 14.42 ± 5.65; P = 0.865). The present study shows that post-CAI with a low number of sperm cells does not negatively influence the reproductive parameters of multiparous sows compared with conventional AI. In conclusion, post-CAI in sows is simple, effective, and safe, and allows the sperm dose to be reduced to one billion spermatozoa.

Anthelmintic effects of Prosopis laevigatan-hexanic extract against Haemonchus contortus in artificially infected gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. De Jesús-Gabino ◽  
P. Mendoza-de Gives ◽  
D.O. Salinas-Sánchez ◽  
M.E. López-Arellano ◽  
E. Liébano-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Anthelmintic Effect

AbstractThe anthelmintic effect of Prosopis laevigata (mezquite) n-hexanic extract was evaluated against Haemonchus contortus endoparasitic stages in artificially infected gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Prosopis laevigata leaves were collected from the Sierra de Huautla, Ecological Reserve of the Biosphere, in Morelos State, Mexico; dehydrated under shade and macerated with n-hexane for 3 days, followed by distillation for 8 h. This procedure was repeated three times and the final extract was kept at 4°C. The in vivo effect of the plant extract was evaluated in gerbils artificially infected with H. contortus. Plant extract concentration was 40 mg/ml. Three groups of gerbils were as follows: group 1 (n = 7), P. laevigata extract at 100 μl intraperitoneally (IP); group 2 (n = 6), control – Tween 20 in water at a single dose of 100 μ l IP; group 3 (n = 8) also served as a control, receiving water only, to determine the mortality due to causes other than the plant extract. An additional group of seven gerbils (group 4) was administered fenbendazole, as a positive control. Five days later the animals were euthanized and stomach and mucosa removed to quantify the nematodes. Data were analysed using the Student's t-test to compare the mean of nematodes obtained in groups 1, 2 and 3. The parasite population in the plant extract treated group 1 was reduced by 42.5% (P < 0.05) with respect to the control group 2; and when control group 3 was used for comparison the parasitic reduction was estimated as 53.11%. This study shows the in vivo anthelmintic effect of P. laevigatan-hexane extract for the first time, using gerbils as an in vivo model, with potential use in sheep.

Control of Puerperium in a Dairy Farm using an Intrauterine Suspension

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Daniel BEREAN ◽  
Liviu Marian BOGDAN ◽  
Ileana BOGDAN ◽  
Ovidiu GIURGIU ◽  
Anamaria Blaga PETREAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Group Group ◽  
Group 1

The purpose of this research was to evaluate a product developed at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Cluj Napoca and his efficiency in the control of the puerperium at cows. The study was carried out between January 2017 to December 2018 in a dairy farm from Mures county, Romania. In this study were enclosed 60 cows, randomly divided in 3 groups: Puerperal group (group 1), Puerperal and Estrumate group (group 2), and control group (group 3). For each group the treatment applied for the control of puerperium was different. For each group were followed: the evolution of puerperium, the appearance of the first postpartum estrous cycle, the interval of service period and the number of artificial inseminations necessary for one gestation. For the puerperium control and to avoid the postpartum complications Puerperal intrauterine suspension it’s a good option.

The Urinary 5-Hydroxyindole Acetic Acid and Plasma Nitric Oxide Levels in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Preliminary Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Yazar ◽  
K Büyükafpar ◽  
G Polat ◽  
C Pata ◽  
A Kanýk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Group 1

Background and Aims: Postprandial increase of 3-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has been implicated in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). There is evidence that nitric oxide (NO) may act as a mediator of 5-HT-evoked secretions in the colon. Our aim is to investigate the role of urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) and plasma NO levels (with diarrhoea) in IBS patients. Methods: Nineteen (with constipation) IBS patients (group 1), 22 IBS patients (group 2) and 18 healthy controls (group 3) were included in the study. The diagnosis of IBS was made according to the Rome I Criteria. The urine was collected for determination of 5-HIAA and venous blood was collected from each subject for the measurement of plasma NO levels. Results: The levels of urinary 5-HIAA mmol/day and plasma NO mmol/l of group 1 (22,4±2,2 and 29,4±2 respectively) were significantly higher than group 3(14,2 ± 2,3 and 21,3 ± 2,1 respectively) (p =0,036 and p =0,019 respectively). The NO level of group 1 was also significantly higher than group 2(21,8 ± 1,9) (p = 0,021). The 5-HIAA level of group 1 was higher than group 2 (15,2, ± 2,1) and the difference was marginally significant (p = 0,055). There was no difference between group 2 and group 3 with respect to 5-HIAA and NO levels. Conclusions: The results of this preliminary study lend support to the involvement of 5-HT in some symptomatology of diarrhoea predominant IBS. Furthermore, NO may be one of the effector mediators of the 5-HT-induced symptoms in these patients.

Effect of simultaneous blockade of androgen and estrogen receptors on prostate cancer: In vivo study.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 214-214
Author(s):  
Rafael Nunez-Nateras ◽  
Erin N. Ferrigni ◽  
Naomi M. Gades ◽  
Erik P. Castle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Castrate Resistant ◽  
Group 1

214 Background: In our preliminary in vitro studies, we have demonstrated evidence of enhanced apoptosis and inhibition of cellular proliferation in both hormone sensitive and castrate resistant prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines using a combination of an antiandrogen (Bicalutamide) and a selective estrogen receptor modulator (Raloxifene). The aim of this study was to study the effect of the administration of these two drugs in in vivo models of castrate resistant PCa. Methods: In vivo model consisted on NCr Nude: Mice bearing s.c. human prostate (PC3 cell line) xenografts. Based on the treatment received, mice were divided into 5 groups as follows: Group 1: No drugs (control); Group 2: Bicalutamide 50mg; Group 3: Raloxifene 60 mg; Group 4: Combined administration of Bicalutamide 50 mg and Raloxifene 60 mg; Group 5 Combined administration of Bicalutamide 150 mg and Raloxifene 120 mg. A total of 10 mice where included in each group. All drugs dosages were converted to their equivalent in the mice. Drugs were administered by gavage technique to the mice once per day for a total of 14 days. Results: As expected, Bicalutamide administered alone causes minimal inhibition without reaching statistical significance (Group 2: 0.34 g Vs Group 1: 0.40 g; p=0.073). Although Raloxifene causes some marked growth inhibition, its effect is not statistically significant (Group 3: 0.31 Vs Group 1: 0.40 g; p=0.062). Bicalutamide and Raloxifene, when administered in combination, induced prominent growth inhibition in PC3 tumors when compared to the control group (Group 4: 0.26 g Vs Group 1: 0.40 g; p=0.038). Growth inhibition is significantly more evident when the drugs dosages are increased (Group 5: 0.17 g Vs Group 1: 0.40 g; p=0.024). Conclusions: The simultaneous administration of Bicalutamide and Raloxifene appears to have a synergistic effect on tumor growth inhibition in PC3 xenografts. The pathway(s) responsible for this observation may be independent of the androgen receptor as PC3 cells are AR negative and still affected by the combination over the drugs administered alone. Research is warranted to identify these potential pathways.

scholarly journals Do alcoholic beverages interfere in the force of orthodontic elastics?

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Melo PITHON ◽  
Jéssica Rocha BARRETTO ◽  
Camilla Souza Santos ANDRADE ◽  
Fernando Pereira de NOVAES ◽  
Murilo de Novaes LUZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Control Group Group ◽  
Group 1

Objective: To evaluate the effects of different alcoholic beverages on the decline in force of orthodontic elastics. Material and method: In a laboratory study, 6 groups of alcoholic beverages were tested. Control group (Group 1) was composed of distilled water. Experimental groups were Whisky (Group 2), Brandy (Group 3), Vodka (Group 4), Beer (Group 5), Sugar Cane Spirit/Rum (Group 6), Wine (Group 7). In the experimental groups, templates were used to enable elastics to be submerged in the alcoholic beverages for 30 seconds once a day. Force was measured with a digital dynamometer in six different time intervals: baseline, 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Result: There were no significant differences between the treatments in the time intervals: baseline, 7, 14 and 28 days. There were statistical differences between Group 7 and the others in the first 24 hours, and between Group 1 and the others after 21 days. After 28 days, there were no significant differences in the force pattern among all groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Alcoholic beverages had no influence on the decline in force of the chain elastics.

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