scholarly journals Effect of oral contraceptives on tear film in reproductive age group women

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 860
Author(s):  
Amita Sharma ◽  
Surabhi Porwal ◽  
Manoj Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tear Secretion ◽  
Schirmer’S Test ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: According to WHO 2009, 60-70% women use one of the method of contraception. 8.8% to 15.4% women use oral contraceptives. Objective of present study was to investigate the effect of oral contraceptives on androgen profile and tear film parameters in females within child bearing age.Methods: Present study involve 100 healthy women between 20-45 years, who presented in family planning clinic. Two groups were made according to the use of oral contraceptive pills. Study group consist of 50 women who were on OCPs (Oral contraception pills) and 50 as control group were not taking any hormonal contraceptives. Serum testosterone and DHEA levels of all subjects was done by Enzyme Immuno Assay on blood samples which were collected during 3th to 7th day of menstrual cycle. Quantitative test for tear secretion was done by Schirmer’s test. Stability of tear film was measured by Tear Breakup time (TBUT). Statistical analysis was done to determine the correlation between use of OCPs and androgen profile and tear film parameters.Results: Present results shows decreased androgen levels in women taking oral contraceptives as compared with age matched women who were not taking oral contraceptives. Tear secretion was significantly reduced in study group as indicated by decreased Schirmer’s test values in study group as compared to control group, the tear film stability was also significantly decreased in women taking oral contraceptives.Conclusions: Present study suggest that androgen profile decrease in women taking oral contraceptives. These results support that use of oral contraceptives may be an important etiological factor in pathogenesis of dry eye disease reproductive age group women.

scholarly journals Assessment of tear secretion and tear film instability in cases with pterygium and normal subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayani Roka ◽  
SP Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tear Secretion ◽  
Schirmer’S Test ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Dry eye is a common disorder affecting a significant percentage of the population. Materials and methods: This study is a prospective, hospital-based, case-controlled study conducted between January 2009 and May 2010. Seventy-six pterygium cases and 152 age-and- sex matched controls presenting to the OPD of Manipal Teaching Hospital were included. The TBUT Schirmer’s test and basal tear secretion were estimated in all patients. A TBUT of less than 10 seconds and a Schirmer’s test of less than 10 mm were considered abnormal. Results: Pterygium was bilateral in 15 (19.7 % ) and unilateral in 61 (80.3 %) patients. Ninety-two (92.1 %) pterygium patients reported either one or more of the six dry eye symptoms. Redness was the most common (67 %) symptom reported. The mean Schirmer’s test I, mean basal secretion and mean TBUT values were 16.19 mm, 10.01 mm and 10.56 seconds in pterygium cases and 20.22 mm,13.25 mm and 26.25 seconds in the control group respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the dry eye results between the pterygium cases and the control group (p value < 0.05). The odds ratio between pterygium and dry eye was 3.28. Dry eye was present in 26 % of the normal patients and in 54 % of the pterygium cases. Conclusion: There is a strong relationship between dry eye and pterygium. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(9):16-23 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7816

scholarly journals Diagnostic and therapeutic laparoscopy in the management of endometriosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4695
Author(s):  
Sujata Swain ◽  
Paresh Kumar Jena
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Therapeutic Laparoscopy ◽  
Common Complaint ◽  
Ovarian Endometrioma ◽  
Standard Tool ◽  
Laparoscopic Finding ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Endometriosis associated with a variety of symptoms, primarily produces dysmenorrhea and infertility. Three classes of techniques have been used to diagnose women with endometriosis beside the history and the clinical picture: biochemical markers, radiological imaging and laparoscopic examination of peritoneal cavity.Methods: All 52 patients were evaluated clinically, biochemically, and radiologically and laparascopically to find out the abnormalities.Results: Most common complaint in a patient with endometriosis is dysmenorrhea affecting 67.6% population in this study group. 20% patients presented with infertility. Diagnostic laparoscopy of the patients in the study group show ovarian endometrioma in 67.3% population. Stage II endometriosis was seen in maximum number of cases in the study group comprising 46.2% patients. Ovarian cystectomy was the most common therapeutic procedure done in 51.9% of patients, out of which 40.4% cases treated with unilateral cystectomy and rest by bilateral cystectomy.Conclusions: This study concludes that endometriosis predominantly affects the women of reproductive age group and causes dysmenorrhea and infertility in majority of the patients. A laparoscopic finding marks as a standard tool in diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis.

scholarly journals Impact study of nutritional education as a controlling measure of iron deficiency anemia

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 4057
Author(s):  
Jayanta Saha ◽  
Sahana Mazumder Sen ◽  
Amalendu Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia is one of the most common nutritional disorders world-wide, especially in India and other developing countries. Young children and women in the reproductive age group are the most vulnerable to iron deficiency anaemia. Part of the reason for this lack of action is the fact that iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) has few overt symptoms. Hence this study have been undertaken to see the impact of nutritional counselling as a controlling measure of IDA.Methods: Rural women of reproductive age group were first screened for anemia and then for IDA. Two groups were formed one experimental group who were given nutritional counselling and another group designated as control group devoid of any such counselling. Baseline haematological indicators were estimated along with dietary surveys in both the groups. Haematological estimation and dietary survey was carried out again after six months and those women in experimental group still found to be anemic were again counselled, the procedure was repeated again at twelve months and at the end of the study that is eighteen months. Data’s were then statistically analysed for finding significant between the groups.Results: Our study showed statistically significant differences in haematological indicators between the experimental and control group at the end of the study. Intake of nutrition also showed statistically significant differences between the experimental and control group at the end of the study.Conclusions: Intervention only with iron and folic supplements is not adequate to tackle iron deficiency anemia problem. Therefore, there is a need to use interventions measures like nutritional education approaches for addressing major preventable causes of anemia. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of Goiter and Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Demba Gofa Woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Befikaduwa Zekarias ◽  
Frehiwot Mesfin ◽  
Bezatu Mengiste ◽  
Adane Tesfaye ◽  
Lemma Getacher
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background. Iodine deficiency disorder is a major public health problem in Ethiopia that is more common in women of reproductive age. However, it is not well addressed and there is a lack of information on its prevalence and associated factors in women of reproductive age group. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess goiter prevalence and associated factors among women of reproductive age in the Demba Gofa woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was used among 584 randomly selected women in the reproductive age group from February 05 to April 20, 2016. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study kebeles, and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study samples. Data were collected through a pretested questionnaire, and the goiter examination was done clinically for each participant. The collected data were coded and entered into a computer for statistical analysis using EpiData version 3.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Variables with a P value ≤0.25 in bivariate logistic regression analysis were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis, and finally, variables with a P value <0.05 in multivariate logistic regression were considered significantly associated with the dependent variable. Results. The total goiter rate was 43%, 95% CI = 39.2–46.9. Cassava consumption (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.03–4), salt wash before use (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.1–11.3), salt use after >2 months of purchase (AOR: 11, 95% CI: 5–26), family history of goiter (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.4–15.8), and poor knowledge of iodized salt (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.5) were significant factors associated with goiter. Conclusion. Iodine deficiency was found to be severe in women of reproductive age in the study area. This showed that women of reproductive age, especially during pregnancy, are exposed to iodine deficiency and its adverse effects at delivery. Thus, they need urgent supplementation with iodine, improved access to foods rich in iodine, and intake of iodized salt. Additionally, health education should focus on the importance of iodized salt, the proper method of use, and the prevention of iodine deficiency, which are highly recommended to minimize the problem.

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