scholarly journals Therapeutic efficacy of low dose (Dhaka regimen) versus high dose (Pritchard regimen) magnesium sulphate for management of eclampsia and impending eclampsia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2333
Author(s):  
Nisha Bhagat ◽  
Preet Kamal Bedi ◽  
Davinder Pal ◽  
Arunima Saini
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: To compare the efficacy of low dose (Dhaka regimen) vis-a vis high dose (Pritchard regimen) magnesium sulphate in management of eclampsia and impending eclampsia.Methods: The open-label, comparative study was conducted on 90 pregnant patients. They were admitted to emergency Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College, Amritsar with eclampsia or impending eclampsia. 10 patients dropped out at various stages of study and finally, 80 were enrolled and randomized (1:1 ratio) into two groups. Group-1, N=40 were given low dose MgSO4 (Dhaka regime) and Group-2, N=40 were given high dose MgSO4 (Pritchard). Termination of pregnancy was done as per Bishop’s score, gestation age, maternal and fetal status. Primary outcome measure was therapeutic efficacy of equivalence for control of seizures whereas secondary outcome was adverse side-effects of both the regimens.Results: Mean age in Group-1 was 24.90±4.02 years and that of Group-2 was 25.67±3.79 years. Antepartum eclampsia was the most common diagnosis among groups i.e., 47.5% and 55% respectively. After treatment, the seizure control was 97.5% in Group-1 and 100% in Group-2 with comparable results (𝑥2=1.013; p=0.314). However, highly significant difference was observed among dosage of MgSO4 that was required for control of seizure (23.75±2.71 gm versus 41.35±4.76 gm; p<0.001). Group-1 showed lower incidence of side-effects that is, loss of deep tendon reflex as compared to Group-2, but neonatal outcomes were comparable in both groups.Conclusions: Low dose (Dhaka regimen) was equally effective in control of seizures as compared to high dose (Pritchard regimen) with lower incidence of side-effects.

High-dose lidocaine does not affect defibrillation efficacy: implications for defibrillation mechanisms

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (4) ◽  
pp. H1113-H1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Ujhelyi ◽  
J. Jason Sims ◽  
Allison Winecoff Miller
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Channel Blockade ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Very High ◽  
Group 1

This study assessed the effect of low (10 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ h−1) and very high (18 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ h−1) doses of lidocaine on defibrillation energy requirements (DER) to relate changes in indexes of sodium-channel blockade with changes in DER values using a dose-response study design. In group 1 (control; n = 6 pigs), DER values were determined at baseline and during treatment with 5% dextrose in water (D5W) and with D5W added to D5W. In group 2 ( n = 7), DER values were determined at baseline and during treatment with low-dose lidocaine followed by high-dose lidocaine. In group 3 ( n = 3), DER values were determined at baseline and high-dose lidocaine. Group 3 controlled for the order of lidocaine treatment with the addition of high-dose lidocaine after baseline. DER values in group 1 did not change during D5W. In group 2, low-dose lidocaine increased DER values by 51% ( P = 0.01), whereas high-dose lidocaine added to low-dose lidocaine reduced DER values back to within 6% of baseline values ( P = 0.02, low dose vs. high dose). DER values during high-dose lidocaine in group 3 also remained near baseline values (16.2 ± 2.7 to 12.9 ± 2.7 J), demonstrating that treatment order had no impact on group 2. Progressive sodium-channel blockade was evident as incremental reduction in ventricular conduction velocity as the lidocaine dose increased. Lidocaine also significantly increased ventricular fibrillation cycle length as the lidocaine dose increased. However, the greatest increase in DER occurred when ventricular fibrillation cycle length was minimally affected, demonstrating a negative correlation ( P = 0.04). In summary, lidocaine has an inverted U-shaped DER dose-response curve. At very high lidocaine doses, DER values are similar to baseline and tend to decrease rather than increase. Increased refractoriness during ventricular fibrillation may be the electrophysiological mechanism by which high-dose lidocaine limits the adverse effects that low-dose lidocaine has on DER values. However, there is a possibility that an unidentified action of lidocaine is responsible for these effects.

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Colocasia esculenta Extracts on Selected Biochemical Parameters in Phenyl Hydrazine Induced Male Anemic Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Adekunle Abiodun Ayoade ◽  
Adedayo Emmanuel Ogunware ◽  
Ifeoluwa Israel Odekunle ◽  
Pelumi Abimbola Adedigba
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Phenyl Hydrazine ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Protein Serum ◽  
Group 1

Aims: In this study, the effect of Colocasia esculenta a hematinic plant on biochemical parameters levels (Direct, Total and unconjugated bilirubin, creatinine, total protein, serum albumin and urea) was assessed to determine if the plant extract can reverse the abnormality in the values of these parameter. Methodology: The experimental animals were divided into four groups as follows; group 1(non-anemic control), group 2 (anemic untreated), group 3 (anemic treated with low dose of plant extract 100 mg/ml), group 4 (anemic treated with high dose of plant extract 500 mg/ml). Anemia was induced in group 1, group 2 and group 3 with 60 mg/kg of phenyl hydrazine for 2 days. After induction of anemia group 2 and group 3 was treated with 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of plant extract for 7 days. After 7-day blood sample was collected through heart puncture and centrifuged for serum. Then, Bilirubin, creatinine, total protein, serum albumin and urea test were carried out. Results: The anemic untreated group had the highest bilirubin, creatinine and urea value of 1.3 mg/dl, 3.97 mg/dl and 71.78 g/l respectively compared to the non-anemic control (bilirubin-0.4 mg/dl, creatinine-3.13 mg/dl and urea 60.35 mg/dl), anemic treated with low dose (bilirubin-0.37 mg/dl,creatinine-1.40 mg/dl and urea-41.82), and anemic treated with high dose (bilirubin-0.25 mg/dl, creatinine-0.86 mg/dl, and urea-48.66 mg/dl) with significant increase in phenyl hydrazine value at p<0.05 .The anemic nontreated group experienced a reduced value of total protein and albumin of 49.78 g/l and 24.46 g/l respectively compared to the non-anemic control (total protein-66.2 g/l and albumin-37.67 g/l) ,anemic treated with low dose (total protein-67.5 g/l and albumin-19.2 g/l), and anemic treated with high dose (total protein-21.9 g/l and albumin-81.6 g/l). Conclusion: The obtained results from this study revealed the anti-anemia potentials of aqueous extracts of Colocasia esculenta.

Low Dose and Standard Dose of Imatinib Therapy for Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Akita Prefecture, Japan.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 4575-4575
Author(s):  
Naoto Takahashi ◽  
Yoshihiro Kameoka ◽  
Hirofumi Saitoh ◽  
Naohito Fujishima ◽  
Makoto Hirokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Imatinib Therapy ◽  
Group I ◽  
Akita Prefecture ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract The IRIS study for CML patients demonstrated the excellent clinical and cytogenetic/molecular effects of imatinib. Patients participating in the IRIS trial were selected according to strict eligibility criteria. The clinical features of patients are usually much more heterogeneous in practical situations than in clinical trials. Sometimes, patients cannot be treated with the standard dose of imatinib because of severe toxicity, especially older patients or patients who had already been treated with the other drugs. In this study, we analyzed whether patients could still be effectively treated using lower doses. Our study analyzed 86 CML patients from 17 hospitals in Akita prefecture. 80 patients were in CP, one patient was in AP, 4 patients were in BC, and one patient had cytogenetic relapse after allo-SCT. All patients were treated with imatinib between December 2001 and July 2007. Initially a dose of 400mg/day was given to almost all patients. Later the dose was decreased in a subset of patients experiencing imatinib-induced side effects. We classified patients into two groups according to the imatinib dosage and analyzed their clinical characteristics [Table 1] and the accumulation of CCR/MMR [Figure 1, 2]. In Group 1, we analyzed 55 patients received 300mg or more of imantiib per day. In Group 2, we analyzed 31 patients received less than 300mg of imatinib per day. Patients in Group 2 were older and had more histories of pretreatment and showed a higher frequency of adverse effects of imatinib than in Group 1. There were no significant differences of CCR/MMR rate between Group 1 and Group 2. This study reproduces the imatinib efficacy results described in the IRIS study, not only for patients treated with standard dose imatinib and for patients who could not take 400mg/day because of imatinib toxicity or other complications. We did not observe an increase in frequency of BCR-ABL point mutations in patients receiving a lower dose of imatinib, suggesting that the low dose imatinib treatment analyzed in our study does not enhance imatinib resistance by increasing BCR-ABL point mutations. In conclusion, we provide data supporting the use of lower doses of imatinib for CML patients that cannot be given sufficient dosage of imatinib for reasons such as severe hematological or non-hematological side effects or other complication. Clinical Characteristics of Patients in Group I and II Group 1(n=55) Group 2(n=31) P Average doseage 380 mg/day 185 mg/day Average age (% of over 70 yrs) 57.7 yrs (22 %) 68.0 yrs (58 %) .001 (.007) History of treatment with IFN/HU before imatinib therapy 16% 55%. 002 Adverse effect (Grade3/4) 16% 42% .009 PFS to AP/BC at 60 Mo 97.8% 89.6% .28 CCR /MMR rate 78% / 51% 61% / 39% .09 / .27 Point mutation of bcr-abl in patients without MMR 4/17 2/13 .99 Figure Figure Figure Figure

scholarly journals Effects of Use Myrtle Oil (Myrtus commonis) on Body Weight and Some Blood Parameters in Local Male Rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Hawraa Hamed Naji ◽  
Oday Suliaman Khudhair ◽  
Amer Jebur Opyas ◽  
Firas Hussain Kadhim Albawi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Myrtus Communis ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Study was conducted to evaluate the effect of (Myrtus communis) oil on the weight of body and  some Hematological in the local male rabbits. (15) rabbits average (1078-1088 ) gram were divided to  (3) groups, every group  (5) rabbits, group (1) the control gives only (0.2) ml tap water orally, while group (2), (3) gives Myrtle oil  (0.1) ml/kg,(0.2) ml/kg respectively orally for (2) month.  We conducted that the administration of Myrtle oil produces a significance decrease (P˂0.01) at 0.1ml/Kg.B.W. and 0.2ml/Kg.B.W in the body weight, there is a significance increase (P˂ 0.05)  at 0.1ml/Kg.B.W.  in values of RBCs, WBCs, Hb and PCV,  there is a significance decrease (P<0.05) at 0.2ml/Kg.B.W. in values of RBCs,WBCs, Hb and PCV. While there is no significance) P˂ 0.05) in the value of PLT. We concluded that, the administration of Myrtle oil in low dose produces good effects whereas administration of it in high dose produce bad effects in the body functions.

A Comparative Randomized Trial of Low-Dose Versus High-Dose Streptokinase in Deep Vein Thrombosis of the Thigh

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (02) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Schulman ◽  
Dieter Lockner ◽  
Staffan Granqvist ◽  
Göran Bratt ◽  
Christer Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Thrombolytic Effect ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Deep Vein

SummaryFibrinolytic treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the leg with high-dose streptokinase (SK) (100,000 U/h) in 39 cases, or low-dose SK (approx 10,000 U/h) in combination with low-dose heparin in 41 cases, was studied in a prospective randomized trial. The degree of thrombolysis was similar in both groups and did not correlate with age or size of the thrombus or with fibrinogen level. The degree of late recanalization was also similar in both groups. There were however significantly more patients with postthrombotic changes in the low-dose group than in the high-dose group after a mean follow-up time of 31 and 38 months respectively. In the low-dose group 2 intracranial hemorrhages occurred (one was fatal) and one patient died of pulmonary embolism, but there were significantly less allergic side effects to SK. There were no cases of such serious side effects in the highdose group. Although low-dose SK has equal thrombolytic effect it seems inferior to high-dose SK, since it probably causes more severe hemorrhagic side-effects.

Enhancement of radiation-induced downstaging of rectal cancer by fluorouracil and high-dose leucovorin chemotherapy.

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
B D Minsky ◽  
A M Cohen ◽  
N Kemeny ◽  
W E Enker ◽  
D P Kelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Pathologic Complete Response ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Preoperative Radiation ◽  
Unresectable Disease ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE To determine if fluorouracil (5-FU) plus high-dose leucovorin (LV) enhances local response in patients receiving preoperative radiation therapy (RT) for adenocarcinoma of the rectum, we compared the degree of downstaging in patients receiving preoperative RT with or without chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS For this comparison, three groups of patients who were treated with identical doses and techniques of preoperative pelvic RT (total dose of 5,040 cGy) were examined. Group 1 included 20 patients with unresectable disease who received combined RT and LV/5-FU. Group 2 included 11 patients with unresectable disease who received preoperative RT. Group 3 included 21 patients with invasive, resectable, primary disease who received preoperative RT. RESULTS Patients with unresectable disease who received LV/5-FU had a higher rate of pathologic complete response (20% v 0%) and a lower incidence of positive nodes (30% v 64%) compared with those who did not receive chemotherapy. Even when the most favorable group of patients was included (group 3), patients who received LV/5-FU still had a higher complete response rate (20% v 6%) and a lower incidence of positive nodes (30% v 53%) compared with those who received RT without LV/5-FU. Of those patients with initially unresectable disease, the resectability rate was higher in those who received LV/5-FU compared with those who did not receive LV/5-FU (90% v 64%). Patients who received LV/5-FU experienced slightly more grade 1 to 2 fatigue, stomatitis, nausea, and grade 3 diarrhea, tenesmus, and dysuria. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that patients who received chemotherapy (group 1) had more advanced disease compared with those with resectable disease (group 3), the addition of LV/5-FU increased the resectability and downstaging rates. The ultimate impact of a complete response as well as a decrease in the incidence of pelvic nodes on local control and survival remains to be determined. However, given the enhancement of down-staging in patients with unresectable rectal cancer, we are encouraged by the combined modality approach.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of oral corticosteroids versus low molecular weight heparin in the treatment of lichen planus

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Narendar Gajula ◽  
Anusha Kalikota ◽  
Vontela Rohit ◽  
Hiba Shakeer
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Oral Corticosteroids ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Lichen planus (LP) is an immunologically mediated inflammatory disorder involving the skin, nails, hair follicles and mucous membranes. Though several drugs and phototherapy are tried and mentioned in the literature, dermatologists are still depending on corticosteroids, which have various serious side effects on long term usage. Thus, in search for an alternative therapy, the present study is conducted to compare the efficacy of systemic corticosteroids and low dose low molecular weight heparin in management of lichen planus.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 60 patients with biopsy proven LP were selected and divided randomly into two groups with 30 patients each. Group 1 was treated with oral corticosteroids and group 2 was treated with low molecular weight heparin for 8 weeks. Follow up was done for a period of 6 months, at monthly intervals in all patients and any relapses if any were noted.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 60 patients with biopsy proven LP were selected and divided randomly into two groups with 30 patients each. Group 1 was treated with oral corticosteroids and group 2 was treated with low molecular weight heparin for 8 weeks. Follow up was done for a period of 6 months, at monthly intervals in all patients and any relapses if any were noted.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Low dose enoxaparin in the treatment of lichen planus could be considered as an alternative to oral corticosteroids because of equal efficacy and fewer side effects.</p>

scholarly journals Prevalence of Side Effects of Prolonged Low or Moderate Dose Opioid Therapy with Concomitant Benzodiazepine and/or Antidepressant Therapy in Chronic Non-Cancer Pain

2009 ◽  
Vol 1;12 (1;1) ◽  
pp. 259-267
Author(s):  
Laxmaiah Manchikanti
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Moderate Dose ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Opioid use in the management of chronic pain is widespread in chronic pain settings. Opioid prescriptions for non-cancer pain and overall opioid sales have been soaring with the increasing nonmedical use of opioids in the United States. Prolonged use of high dose opioids has been associated with adverse consequences including tolerance, abuse, addiction, hyperalgesia, hormonal effects, and immunosuppression. Studies of high dose therapy have shown pain relief with a 30% decrease in the intensity of pain and that only 44% of the patients continue the treatment between 7 and 24 months. However, there is no data available on the prevalence of side effects associated with low or moderate dose opioid use in chronic non-cancer pain when administered in conjunction with interventional techniques. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of side effects, of low or moderate dose opioid therapy with or without benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and their combinations. Methods: The evaluation was conducted by interviewing 1,000 patients on stable doses of opioids, with or without benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and their combinations. Patients were categorized into 4 groups with Group 1 receiving opioids only (n = 143), Group 2 receiving opioids and benzodiazepines (n = 159), Group 3 receiving opioids and antidepressants (n = 113), and Group 4 received opioids, benzodiazepines, and antidepressants (n = 118). Results: Inclusion criteria was met in 533 patients receiving opioid therapy for longer than 6 months. The incidence of side effects in Group 1 was 18%, in Group 2 was 8%, in Group 3 was 17%, and in Group 4 was 14%. The most frequent complications were in patients receiving methadone (52%) followed by oxycodone (41%) and morphine (36%). Patients receiving hydrocodone had the least incidences of side effects with 7.5%. There were no significant differences noted based on the duration of therapy, age of the patient, and gender. Severe side effects accounted for only 14 of 137 instances. Limitations: Limitations of this study include the inability to incorporate multiple other drugs due to complicated nature with multiple groups and data collection and analysis. The other limitation is that the proportion of patients receiving methadone, oxycodone, morphine, and propoxyphene was low compared to hydrocodone with 77% of the patients. Conclusion: Moderate or low dose opioid therapy in conjunction with or without benzodiazepines, antidepressants, or in combinations are associated with minor side effects. Key words: Opioids, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, chronic non-cancer pain, abuse, side effects

Epidural Clonidine or Bupivacaine as the Sole Analgesic Agent during and after Abdominal Surgery 

1999 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 1354-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc De Kock ◽  
Philippe Gautier ◽  
Athanassia Pavlopoulou ◽  
Marc Jonniaux ◽  
Patricia Lavand'homme
Keyword(s):  
High Dose ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Visual Analogue Pain ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sedation Scores ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Group 1

Background The rationale of this study was to compare high-dose epidural clonidine with a more commonly used agent, such as bupivacaine. This was performed to give a more objective idea of the relative analgesic potency of epidural clonidine. Methods Sixty patients undergoing intestinal surgery during propofol anesthesia were studied. At induction, the patients received epidurally a dose of 10 micrograms/kg [corrected] clonidine in 7 ml saline followed by an infusion of 6 micrograms [corrected] x kg(-1) x h(-1) (7 ml/h) (group 1, n = 20), a dose of 7 ml bupivacaine, 0.5%, followed by 7 ml/h bupivacaine, 0.25% (group 2, n = 20), or a dose of 7 ml bupivacaine, 0.25%, followed by 7 ml/h bupivacaine, 0.125% (group 3, n = 20). Intraoperatively, increases in arterial blood pressure or heart rate not responding to propofol (0.5 mg/kg) were treated with intravenous alfentanil (0.05 mg/kg). Additional doses of propofol were given to maintain an adequate bispectral index. The epidural infusions were maintained for 12 h. In cases of subjective visual analogue pain scores up to 5 cm at rest or up to 8 cm during coughing, the patients were given access to a patient-controlled analgesia device. Results During anesthesia, patients in group 1 required less propofol than those in groups 2 and 3 (78 [36-142] mg vs. 229 [184-252] mg and 362 [295-458] mg; P &lt; 0.05) and less alfentanil than patients in group 3 (0 [0-0] mg vs. 11 [6-20] mg; P &lt; 0.05). Analgesia lasted 380 min (range, 180-645 min) in group 1 versus 30 min (range, 25-40 min) in group 2 and 22 min (range, 12.5-42 min) in group 3 (P &lt; 0.05). There was no suggestion of a hemodynamic difference among the three groups except for heart rates that were significantly reduced in patients in group 1. Sedation scores were significantly higher in this group during the first 2 h postoperatively. Conclusion Our results show that high doses of epidural clonidine potentiate general anesthetics and provide more efficient postoperative analgesia than the two bupivacaine dosage regimens investigated.

High-dose enoxaparin in the treatment of abdominal angiostrongyliasis in Swiss mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 662-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S.S. Sandri ◽  
R. Rodriguez ◽  
M.M. Costa ◽  
S.M. Porto ◽  
D. Schwingel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Intestinal Infarction ◽  
Intestinal Lesions ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
High Doses ◽  
And Control ◽  
Group 1

AbstractAbdominal angiostrongyliasis (AA) is caused by Angiostrongylus costaricensis, which inhabits mesenteric arteries. There is no drug treatment for AA, and since intestinal infarction due to thrombi is one of the main complications of the disease, the use of anticoagulants may be a treatment option. Thus, we aimed to assess the effect of high doses of enoxaparin on the prevention of ischaemic intestinal lesions and on the survival of mice infected with A. costaricensis. Twenty-four mice were infected with L3 of A. costaricensis and divided equally into two groups: Group 1, control treated with placebo, and Group 2, treated daily with enoxaparin (2.5 mg/kg) for 50 days. All mice were subjected to necropsy and histological analysis. The results from gross and microscopic assessments showed no variation in the prevalence of lesions between the groups. An analysis was also performed among survivors and non-survivors, showing that animals that died often presented lesions, such as granulation tissue in the serosa, and intestinal infarction and adhesion. The mortality rate did not vary between the enoxaparin-treated and control groups. Thus, we showed that high doses of enoxaparin have no protective effect against AA, as the survival rates and lesions of mice did not vary between the treated and control groups. Considering that the use of prophylactic doses was also shown to be ineffective in a previous study, we do not recommend the use of enoxaparin for AA treatment.

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