scholarly journals Comparison of knowledge and practice regarding colostrum feeding among mothers in rural and urban area

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2347
Author(s):  
Sirivella Tejaswini ◽  
Bhavani Bangarkodi Blakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Colostrum Feeding ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

Background: Basic food of infant is mother’s milk. Breast feeding should be initiated within the first half an hour of birth. The first milk is the most suitable feed for the newborn. Colostrum is very important for growth, development and protection from infections in infants. The importance of colostrum is still not known to many mothers and caregivers. This study aimed to compare the knowledge and practice regarding colostrum feeding among mothers in urban and rural area.Methods: A descriptive approach and comparative survey design was adopted for the study. Data was collected from 150 mothers (75 each from urban and rural area) having infants of birth to 6 months age. Data was collected using a performa with items on socio-demographic varibles, a structured questionnaire to assess knowledge and a practice questionnaire regarding colostrum feeding.Results: 46.7% urban and 48% rural had moderate level of knowledge and 22.7% mothers from rural had poor knowledge. The urban mothers were more aware about colostrum feeding and its importance than rural mothers. Majority of the mothers (92% urban, 89.3% rural) practiced colostrum feeding. Comparison of knowledge and practice showed statistically significant difference between mothers of urban and rural area.Conclusions: Knowledge regarding colostrum feeding was inadequate and improper breast feeding practices were found in both urban and rural area. Urban area mothers had more knowledge and better feeding practices compared to mothers of rural area. There is an ongoing need for individual and community awareness programmes regarding importance of colostrum feeding.

scholarly journals Characteristics of tuberculosis contact of children with pulmonary tuberculosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Magdalena Sidhartani ◽  
Retno Murti Laila
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Poor Ventilation ◽  
Rural And Urban Area ◽  
Different Characteristics

Background Children with tuberculosis (TB) are oftenasymptomatic, so that if TB is diagnosed in a child, an adult contactshould be looked for. We realize the importance of TB control bybreaking the chain of transmission, so identification of contact andprompt treatment should be made.Objective To trace contact of children with pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) and to determine the environmental characteristicsassociated with TB transmission.Methods Prospective, community based descriptive study wasdone in 80 children with newly diagnosed PTB treated atPediatric Pulmonary Ward, Kariadi Hospital, from September2003 to February 2004. Clinical condition, chest x-ray (CXR),acid fast bacilli (AFB) staining of sputum, and environmentalcharacteristics of adults suspected as TB contact wereexamined. Data were analyzed by uni- and bivariate analysisusing SPSS 11.5.Results Eighty adults with suspected TB were enrolled, 90% werehousehold contacts. There were 63 (79%) confirmed TB contactsin rural and urban area. Fathers were predominates (32%)followed by grandparents (26.3%), relatives (18.7%), and mothers(12.5%). There was no significant difference about internal(household) and external (non-household) family contactsbetween rural and urban area (P=1.000). In urban area, hometransmission is more frequent than rural area (P=0.340). In urbanarea, the contacts had a better perception but had no betterattitude toward treatment, although the difference was notsignificant. Behavior was worsen in rural area (P=0.214). Poorbehavior seldom occurred in those who had enough knowledgeof TB, although the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.352). In the urban area, the house of contacts had lowersleeping density (P=0.282), poor ventilation (P=0.306), and higherroom temperature (P=0.683). There were no differences in thelight intensity and humidity.Conclusion There were 79% confirmed TB contacts in rural andurban area with male predominant. There was no significantdifference between household and non-household contacts inrural and urban area. There are different characteristics, such asknowledge, perception, attitude towards treatment, and behaviorassociated with TB transmission between contacts in the ruraland urban area, and between lower, middle, and higher socio-economic level, although the difference is not significant

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON AWARENESS AND HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE IN RURALAND URBAN MEERUT

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
Harivansh Chopra ◽  
Tanveer Bano ◽  
Niharika Verma ◽  
Gargi Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Economics Of Health ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

Universal Health Coverage aims to provide essential health services to all while providing protection from catastrophic expenditure on health. To mitigate the economics of health expenditure, health insurance is one of the important tool. Hence, this study was conducted to nd out the awareness and practice of health insurance coverage in rural and urban Meerut.90 households were studied in both rural and urban area. Awareness was higher in urban area but coverage was higher in rural area. Awareness and coverage were found to be signicantly associated with poverty status in rural area of Meerut.

scholarly journals The Practice of School-Based Management in Ondo State Public Secondary Schools: Implication of School Location

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Olaseni Vivian Morenike
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
School Location ◽  
School Based ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
School Based Management

The practice of School-Based Management (SBM) has been widely liked to variety of wide positives in schools and increasingly acceptable in major developed and developing nations, however, the disposition and acceptance of the SMB policy remained unclear in Ondo State, Nigeria. In Nigeria, there is paucity of literature addressing the role of school location in the practice of SBM policy. This study, therefore examined the practicality of SBM in public secondary schools in Ondo State and the implication of school location. Descriptive survey design was adopted by the study. Key players from sixty (60) public secondary schools in Ondo State participated in the current study using purposive sampling techniques. In determine the efficiencies and effectiveness of School-Based Management Committees, participant were opened to Effective School-Based Management Index (E-SBM-INDEX). The instrument reported a strong overall Cronbach alpha of 0.97, while the subscales factors entails, power decentralization (α =.92); facilities obligation (α =.73); monitoring and evaluation (α =.65); recruitment and retrenchment (α =.85); and financial obligation (α =.71). Information on socio-demographic factors and geographical location of schools were also obtained from the participants. Descriptive analysis and T-Test of independent sample were used to analyze data and accepted at P < 0.05. Respondents’ mean age was 49.5±11.5 years. It was revealed that 35% of the public schools engaged practice effective SBM in Ondo State, while 65% of public schools engaged were practicing ineffective SBM. Furthermore, It was revealed that there was significant difference in the practice of SBM in rural and urban public secondary schools in Ondo State (T (58) = 26.60; P < 0.01), such that, public secondary schools located in the rural area ( = 75.20, SD = 1.80) practice effective SBM’s policy than counterparts located in the urban area ( = 34.97, SD = 02.67). Majorly the practice of SBM in public secondary school remained ineffective in Ondo State. The practice of SBM in rural and urban public secondary schools in Ondo State is significantly different. Public secondary schools located in the rural area of Ondo State practice effectively SBM’s policy than public secondary schools located in the urban area of Ondo State. It is recommended that the government should be pro-active in creating an enabling environment in terms of policy upon which SBM can be practice effectively and efficiently.

DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY AMONG IN-SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS WITH IMPAIRED HEARING

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 931-940
Author(s):  
Olufemi Timothy Adigun
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose of the study: This study determined incidences of depressive symptoms and associated causative contextual factors among in-school adolescents with impaired hearing in South West, Nigeria. The study determined symptoms of depression exhibited by in-school adolescents with impaired hearing vis-à-vis some associated intrapersonal causative (age, religion, gender, the onset of hearing loss, satisfaction with the home environment, and family type) variables. Methodology: Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Data were collected from 236 adolescents who are either prelingually (39.1%) and postlingually (60.9%) hearing impaired with the Depressive Symptomatology Questionnaire (α = .89). Data collected over a period of 10 weeks were analysed with both descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS version 23. Main Findings: 58.8% of the participants scored higher on the depression scale, which is mostly characterized by loss of appetite and fearfulness. There is a significant difference (F = 7.61; p < 0.05) in the expression of depressive symptoms between gender and across variants in the onset of deafness (F = 3.59; p < 0.05) and family type (F = 23.14; p < 0.05). Academic stressor and lack of access to information were found to be the major source of their depression. Applications of this study: This study is of importance to counselling psychologist and mental health practitioners for the development of strategic therapeutic approach geared towards positive psychosocial development of individuals with impaired hearing Novelty/Originality of this study: The study confirms the manifestation of moderate to a high level of depressive symptoms among those in-school adolescents with impaired hearing. Academic anxiety/low grade, communication difficulties, and negative societal attitude were the major source of depression for adolescents with impaired hearing in high schools.

scholarly journals A comparison of breast feeding practices among urban and rural areas of Rangareddy district of Telangana

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vijay Kumar ◽  
Indranil Acharya ◽  
Jayanti P. Acharya ◽  
Puligila Raj Shravani ◽  
Sabbineni Ramya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing young infants with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 800 mothers from urban and rural areas of Rangareddy District. A pre designed pre tested questionnaire was used to interview the mothers. Questionnaire contained questions related to demographic factors and breast feeding practices. Institutional Ethical clearance was taken. Results: The overall prevalence of exclusive breast feeding was 65%, being comparatively more in rural area (68%) which was statistically significant. Colostrum was discarded by 15% mothers in urban and 9% in rural area. Breast feeding was initiated within 1 hour in 184 (46%) in urban area and in 148 (37%) in rural area. Conclusions: Though mothers from rural area had certain favorable breast feeding practices such as demand feeding, colostrum being given but still various inappropriate practices were prevalent in both rural and urban areas. 

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE AWARENESS REGARDING ANTENATAL DIET AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN AT SELECTED RURAL AND URBAN AREA OF JODHPUR

2021 ◽  
pp. 540-544
Author(s):  
Rohit Kumar Chouhan ◽  
Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Rural And Urban Area ◽  
Source Of Information

INTRODUCTION: Good nutrition is an important part of leading a healthy lifestyle. It is essential for growth and development, health and wellbeing. Eating a healthy diet contributes to preventing future illness and improving the quality and length of life. Good nutrition means your body gets all the nutrients, vitamins, and minerals it needs to work its best. Plan your meals and snacks to include nutrient-dense foods that are also low in calories. AIM OF THE STUDY: Assess the awareness regarding antenatal diet among pregnant women. METERIAL AND METHOD: A descriptive non-experimental comparative study was carried out to assess the awareness of 100 pregnant women selected by purposive sampling, who were pregnant women in rural & urban area in Jodhpur Rajasthan were assessed by using a structured knowledge questionnaire and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. RESULT: The finding showed that in rural area majority (64%) of the pregnant women had below-average awareness, while in urban area majority (74%) of the pregnant women had above-average awareness regarding antenatal diet. According to the different aspects of the antenatal diet the awareness score of both rural & urban pregnant women was highest regarding the Micronutrient in diet. However, the majority of the demographic variable of the rural respondents such as age, religion, education status, monthly household, income, type of family, hazardous habits, number of children, source of information were found no significant association with the level of awareness except the number of gravida, where as in urban respondents such as age, religion, education status, monthly household, income, type of family, hazardous habits, number of gravida, number of children, were found no significant association with the level of awareness except the source of information. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that pregnant women in rural area majority (64%) of the pregnant women had below-average awareness, while in urban area majority (74%) of the pregnant women had above-average awareness regarding antenatal as per current research recommendations. KEY WORDS: Awareness, antenatal diet, pregnant women, rural and urban area

scholarly journals Psychological Study of Anxiety among Diabetic Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parth R. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Patient ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
T Test ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

The main aim of the present study is to find out the level of Anxiety among diabetic patient. It was hypothesized that the level of and Anxiety will differ in diabetic patients with regards to gender and type of area. The sample consists of total 120 (60 patients of urban and 60 patients of rural area) the sample is selected from city and various villages, by using purposive technique. Anxiety scale prepared by A.K.P. Sinha and L.N.K. Sinha devised this test and it is available both test in Hindi and English. Gujarati Adoption by Bhatt D. J. (1999). The data was scored, analyzed as per the manual. ‘t’ test was being calculated. The result showed that (1) There is no significant difference between the mean score of anxiety among male and female diabetic patient. (2) There is significant difference between the mean score of anxiety among type of area i.e. urban and rural. Thereafter could be said that, diabetic patient of rural area show more anxiety than diabetic patient of urban area.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Aggression and Emotional Intelligence among College Students of Rural and Urban Area

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mr. Sharad V. Sawalkar
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Criterion Measure ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rural And Urban Area ◽  
Aggression Level

The study was conducted on 30 students of rural area and 30 of urban area were randomly selected from Chalisgaon and Pachora Talukas of Jalgaon District.  The criterion measure chosen to test the hypothesis in this study was aggression inventory by M. K. Sultania (2006) and emotional intelligence scale by Dr. S. K. Mangal and Dr. Shubhra Mangal (2004). The data was collected through direct contact with the respondents. The findings revealed that there is no significant difference between Aggression level among rural and urban area students, the calculated ‘t’ ratio was 0.148. There is significant difference between Emotional Intelligence among rural and urban area students, the calculated ‘t’ ratio was 1.269.

scholarly journals POLA ASUH MAKAN PADA RUMAH TANGGA YANG TAHAN DAN TIDAK TAHAN PANGAN SERTA KAITANNYA DENGAN STATUS GIZI ANAK BALITA DI KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Drajat Martianto ◽  
Hadi Riyadi ◽  
Rizma Ariefiani
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Significant Difference

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 8.65pt .0001pt 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">This study aimed to analyze the impacts of feeding practices on underfive children’s nutritional status in different level of household food security. The study design was a cross-sectional study. Data on feeding practices were collected through personal interviews used questionnaire and nutritional status was calculated by using WHO-NCHS z-score. The average scores of feeding practices among samples were categorized as low (54.4%) and children of group very food-insecure had the lowest score of feeding practices. There was a significantly difference among the groups in the scores of sample’s feeding practices. The study showed that about 86 percent of children were categorized as normal (BB/TB indicator), but there were 11.6 percent categorized as wasting, while 32.0 percent and 54.3 percent categorized as underweight and stunting, respectively. Statistical analyses showed significant difference in term of nutritional status. There was a significant correlation between child’s nutritional status (BB/U, TB/U and BB/TB) and household food security. The study showed that child’s nutritional status (BB/TB) was influenced by energy’s adequacy level.</span></p>

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