scholarly journals Effectiveness of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine with/without the passive hepatitis B immunoglobulin vaccine in babies whose mothers are hepatitis B surface antigen positive in a private missionary hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2383
Author(s):  
Olusanya Abiodun ◽  
Omobolaji Onibonoje ◽  
Oluwadara Ola ◽  
Sophie Ishola
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Recombinant Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Recombinant Hepatitis ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: Hepatitis B infection is a potentially life-threatening liver infection. The burden is more in the less developed countries. Vaccination is the most cost-effective way to control hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its chronic complications globally. Active-passive immunoprophylaxis using hepatitis B immunoglobulin combined with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for infants of women with chronic HBV infection. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the hepatitis B recombinant vaccine alone or combined with hepatitis B immunoglobulin.Methods: The study was a prospective longitudinal study. Patients were selected using a convenient sampling technique. The study spanned between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018. Data analysis was with SPSS version 21.Results: The unit recorded 1690 deliveries during the recruitment period, 70 eligible patients were recruited thus giving an incidence of 4.1%. 74.3% of the recruited patients were HBeAg negative while 25.7% were HBeAg positive. 52.9% of the babies had only recombinant HB recombinant vaccine while 47.1% had combined hepatitis B immunoglobulin and the recombinant vaccine at birth. The HBeAg status of mothers played a significant factor in the HBsAg positivity of babies two months after the completion of immunoprophylaxis against HBV.Conclusions: Giving recombinant HBV vaccine in combination with the HBV immunoglobulin is the standard practice, this may not always be so based on the findings from this study. However, the population studied is too small to make a categorical statement thus a larger population needs to be studied. 

scholarly journals Immunization aganist hepatitis B in children from endemic zone: evaluation of the antibody response against the DNA recombinant vaccine (Engerix B-20 mcg)

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R.B. Ferreira ◽  
C.F.T. Yoshida ◽  
L.A.C. Mercadante ◽  
D.F. Gomes ◽  
J.M. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Recombinant Hepatitis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rural Zone

A previous seroepidemiological study in the rural zone of Vargem Alta (ES) SouthEast of Brazil, showed a prevalence of up to 9% of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in some areas. One hundred susceptible children aging 1 to 5 years old were selected and immunized with a recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine (Smith-Kline 20 mcg) using the 0-1-6 months vaccination schedule. Blood samples were collected at the time of the first vaccine dose (month 0) in order to confirm susceptible individuals and 1,3,6 and 8 months after the first dose , to evaluate the antibody response. Our results showed that two and five months after the second dose, 79% and 88% of children seroconverted respectively, reaching 97% after the third dose. The levels of anti-HBs were calculated in milli International Units/ml (mIU/ml) and demonstrated the markedly increase of protective levels of antibodies after the third dose. These data showed a good immunogenicity of the DNA recombinant hepatitis B vaccine when administered in children of endemic areas.

Efficacy of Immunization with a Combination of Serum and Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccines

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 476-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlyn K. Pearl ◽  
Ana A. Ortiz ◽  
William Pearl
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
The United States ◽  
Recombinant Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Group ◽  
Recombinant Hepatitis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccines ◽  
One Year

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the efficacy of giving a third dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine to healthcare workers who already had received two doses of serum-derived vaccine, which is no longer available in the United States.Design:Volunteers who already had received two standard doses of serum-derived vaccine were given a third dose of either serum or recombinant vaccine in a double-blind fashion. Antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen were measured at the time of the third immunization, three months later, and one year after the third immunization.Setting:U.S. Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas.Patients:One hundred healthy healthcare workers.Results:Three months after receiving the third immunization, the serum vaccine group had significantly higher titers than the recombinant vaccine group (P= 0.018). One year after receiving the third immunization, those who received the combined regimen had a mean hepatitis B surface antibody titer less than half that of those who received three doses of serum-derived vaccine. However, both regimens resulted in titers that are considered to confer immunity.Conclusions:A regimen that combines serum and recombinant hepatitis B vaccines may not produce as high an antibody level as three doses of the same vaccine. Those who began immunization with serum vaccine and concluded with recombinant vaccine should be monitored for an accelerated drop in serum antibodies.

Horizontal Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Infection to United States-Born Children of Hmong Refugees

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
Marjorie B. Hurie ◽  
Eric E. Mast ◽  
Jeffrey P. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Household Members

There is evidence that hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission continues among Southeast Asian refugees after resettlement. To determine the prevalence of HBV infection (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] positive or core antibody positive) and modes of transmission in Hmong refugee households in Wisconsin, results of serologic tests were reviewed for 429 US-born children not previously vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and 754 of their Asian-born household members. The prevalence of HBV infection was 14% (62/429) among all US-born children, 30% (21/69) among children whose mothers were HBsAg-positive, and 11% (41/360) among children whose mothers were HBsAg-negative. Among children whose mothers were HBsAg-negative, the prevalence of HBV infection increased with increasing age (χ2 test for trend = 5.6, P .02) and was related to the household presence of HBsAg-positive sibling(s) (relative risk 4.0; 95% confidence interval = 1.5, 9.3; P < .001). Of the 62 infected children, 13 (21%) lived in households with no HBsAg-positive household members. US-born children of Hmong refugees apparently acquire HBV infection through both horizontal and perinatal transmission. These findings emphasize the importance of routinely integrating hepatitis B vaccine doses into the childhood vaccination schedule for all infants whose parents are from areas where HBV infection is highly endemic. In addition, the findings support the need for pediatricians to consider vaccinating older children (up to age 7 years) whose parents are from HBV-endemic areas.

How Far we are towards Eradication of HBV Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Voiculescu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
T Cell Receptors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Cell Receptors ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem with an important biological and a significant socio-economic impact all over the world. There is a high pressure to come up with a new and more efficient strategy against HBV infection, especially after the recent success of HCV treatment. Preventing HBV infection through vaccine is currently the most efficient way to decrease HBV-related cirrhosis and liver cancer incidence, as well as the best way to suppress the HBV reservoir. The vaccine is safe and efficient in 80-95% of cases. One of its most important roles is to reduce materno-fetal transmission, by giving the first dose of vaccine in the first 24 hours after birth. Transmission of HBV infection early in life is still frequent, especially in countries with high endemicity.Successful HBV clearance by the host is immune-mediated, with a complex combined innate and adaptive cellular and humoral immune response. Different factors, such as the quantity and the sequence of HBV epitope during processing by dendritic cells and presenting by different HLA molecules or the polymorphism of T cell receptors (TOL) are part of a complex network which influences the final response. A new potential therapeutic strategy is to restore T-cell antiviral function and to improve innate and adaptive immune response by immunotherapeutic manipulation.It appears that HBV eradication is far from being completed in the next decades, and a new strategy against HBV infection must be considered. Abbreviations: ALT: alanine aminotransferase; APC: antigen presenting cells; cccDNA: covalently closed circular DNA; HBIG: hepatitis B immunoglobulin; HbsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocyte; IFN: interferon; NUC: nucleos(t)ide analogues; pg RNA: pre genomic RNA; TLR: toll-like receptors; TOL: T cell receptors.

scholarly journals 1066. Immune Escape Mutant Detection Using Commercially Available Methods for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Serological Testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S562-S562
Author(s):  
Robert Gish ◽  
Vincent Streva
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Panel Member ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Review Panel ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Escape Mutants

Abstract Background Although overall infection rates of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the United States (US) remain stable, as many as 2.2 million persons are still chronically infected with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)1. Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at a higher risk of HBV infection and since 2009 three states (KY, TN, WV) have reported up to a 114% increase in cases of acute HBV infection due to higher infection rates among a non-Hispanic white populations (30–39 years), and injection drug users2. Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended as primary prevention for adults who are at increased risk for HBV infection, including PWID. However, data from the National Health Interview Survey indicate that hepatitis B vaccination coverage is low among adults in the general population3, and it is likely to be lower among injection drug users. Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) is the first serological marker to appear after HBV exposure and infection; this marker is included in the recommended panel for acute hepatitis diagnosis and accurate detection is necessary for early and accurate diagnosis. Serological testing challenges exist for HBsAg due to the high degree of genetic variability which can further be exacerbated by endogenous and exogenous pressures. The immuno-dominant region may have one or more mutations described as immune escape mutations which can decrease or abrogate HBsAg binding to antibodies used in immunoassays. Although the prevalence of these mutations is not well documented in the United States, international studies have shown that up to 79% of HBV-reactivated patients (vs 3.1% of control patients; p< 0.001) carry HBsAg mutations localized in immune-active HBsAg regions4. Methods A study was conducted using a panel of 10 unique recombinant HBsAg immune escape mutants. Panel members were tested by commercially available HBsAg serological immunoassays. Results It was found that although commercially available HBsAg immunoassays are the primary diagnostic tool for HBV diagnosis, not all HBsAg immune escape mutants are detected, with some method detecting as few as 5 out of 10 of these mutant samples. Figure 1 Conclusion Improvement is needed in commercially available methods for the accurate detection of HBsAg. Disclosures Robert Gish, MD, Abbott (Consultant)AbbVie (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker’s Bureau)Access Biologicals (Consultant)Antios (Consultant)Arrowhead (Consultant)Bayer (Consultant, Speaker’s Bureau)Bristol Myers (Consultant, Speaker’s Bureau)Dova (Consultant, Speaker’s Bureau)Dynavax (Consultant)Eiger (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member)Eisai (Consultant, Speaker’s Bureau)Enyo (Consultant)eStudySite (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member)Exelixis (Consultant)Fujifilm/Wako (Consultant)Genentech (Consultant)Genlantis (Consultant)Gilead (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker’s Bureau)GLG (Consultant)HepaTX (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member)HepQuant (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member)Intercept (Consultant, Speaker’s Bureau)Ionis (Consultant)Janssen (Consultant)Laboratory for Advanced Medicine (Consultant)Lilly (Consultant)Merck (Consultant)Salix (Consultant, Speaker’s Bureau)Shionogi (Consultant, Speaker’s Bureau)Viking (Consultant)

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