scholarly journals Clinical significance of accessory foramina in adult human mandible

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2449
Author(s):  
Nisha Goyal ◽  
Maneesha Sharma ◽  
Rasalika Miglani ◽  
Anil Garg ◽  
P. K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
External Surface ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Lingual Foramen ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
The Common ◽  
Accessory Foramina

Background: The mandible is the strongest and largest bone of facial skeleton. It consists of one horseshoe-shaped body and a pair of rami. On external surface of body in the midline there is a faint ridge i.e. symphysis menti indicating the line of fusion of two halves of mandible during development. The aim of this study is to describe the position and incidence of accessory foramina on the inner surface of the body and rami of both sides of mandible to provide simple important reliable surgical landmarks.Methods: The present study was conducted on 100 dried adult human mandibles. Bones which had deformities, asymmetries, external pathological changes and fractures were excluded from the present study.Results: In 97% cases at least one accessory foramen was observed on inner surface of mandible. The accessory lingual foramen was found to be constant finding with incidence of 81%. Frequency of infraspinous or sublingual foramen was 58%, of lateral foramen was 50% and that of accessory mandibular foramen was 39%.Conclusions: The anatomical knowledge about the common location and incidence of accessory foramina in mandible are important for surgeons and anaesthetists performing surgeries in the area around mandible. These accessory foramina transmit neurovascular bundles which provide accessory innervations to the roots of teeth.  Thus proper knowledge of accessory foramina are important in relation to achieving complete inferior alveolar nerve block and for avoiding injury to neurovascular bundle passing through them.

scholarly journals Multiple unilateral accessory mandibular foramina-a case report

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 190-192
Author(s):  
Anupama Mahajan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Mandibular Canal ◽  
Molar Tooth ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Mandibular Foramen ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Accessory Foramina

AbstractAccessory foramina in the mandible are known to transmit branches of nerves supplying the roots of the teeth. The mandibular foramen is present on the inner surface of the ramus of the mandible which transmits the inferior alveolar nerve. An adult human mandible of unknown sex was found to have multiple mandibular foramina on the medial surface of right ramus. A large accessory mandibular foramen was present anterosuperior to the main mandibular foramen. The dimensions were 6 mm antero posteriorly and 11mm vertically. The dimensions of the mandibular foramen were 9 mm antero posteriorly and 12mm vertically. The distance between two foramina was 20 mm and between the accessory mandibular foramen and apex of lingula was 7 mm. The distance between the posterior border of the accessory mandibular foramen and posterior border of ramus were 15 mm. The accessory mandibular foramen led into a canal which was directed obliquely and joined the mandibular canal at the level of third molar tooth. Two more small mandibular foramina were present one just below the accessory mandibular foramen discussed above and second near the main mandibular foramen. Both of them were of too small size to measure. The accessory mandibular foramen is a rare variation and awareness of its incidence and its position is necessary. The structures passing through it can be compromised during surgical procedures of this area.

Specific features of the structure of eosephagus,proventriculus and ventriculus in "Hisex Brown" chicken and Pekin duck

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Ludmila Fomenko ◽  
Daria Prasolova
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pekin Duck ◽  
Digestive Juice ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Food Particles ◽  
The Common ◽  
Digestive Glands

The structural features of the esophagus, proventriculus and ventriculus of 4 chicken and duck carcasses were studied using the common anatomical dissection method. It is noted that the esophagus is a thin-walled, easily expandable tube, linking the pharynx to the proventriculus. It is subdivided into the cervical and thoracic regions. The length of the esophagus depends on the length of the neck. In a duck, it is 28.29 cm, in a chicken – 25.3 cm. In a hen that has a crop, there is a pre-and post-crop part. The feed swells and moistens in the crop. Ducks has a spindle-shaped crop, which is weakly developed. There is an esophagus opening in the proventriculus; the body, the top, the bottom and the intermediate zone of proventriculus are distinguished. The mucous membrane is formed in cellular folds, which are longitudinal, shriveled, with clearly visible papillae in the chicken, and in the duck they are flat. In the submucosal layer there are digestive glands that secrete mucus, enzymes and hydrochloric acid. The ventriculus consists of the body, the greater and lesser curvatures, the cranial and caudal grooves. It performs grinding of feed, and it is the largest organ of the digestive system due to the thick muscular wall. The inner surface of the ventriculus is covered with cuticle – a coarse, thick, non-tensile membrane that protects the mucosa from damage by solid food particles and from the effects of digestive juice.

scholarly journals ÆSTIVO-AUTUMNAL MALARIA. THE EXTRACELLULAR RELATION OF THE CRESCENTIC BODIES TO THE RED CORPUSCLE AND THEIR METHOD OF SECURING ATTACHMENT

1918 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary R. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
External Surface ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
The Body ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Pigment Granules ◽  
The Common ◽  
Reserve Food

Æstivo-autumnal parasites, including the crescentic bodies, are always extracellular; that is, they are attached to the external surface of the red corpuscles. Crescentic bodies attach themselves to the red corpuscles just as the younger parasites do, by encircling, with their cytoplasm, mounds of hemoglobin substance. These hemoglobin mounds may be seen protruding through various portions of the crescentic bodies, as well as at the periphery of the parasites. The base of the mounds is occasionally outlined by the chromatin or pigment granules. The hemoglobin mounds protruding through the body proper of the crescentic bodies do not seem to alter the general outline of the parasites. The outline of the parasites may be traced through the transparent mounds. Whenever attaching pseudopodia are observed they are seen to arise from the cytoplasm of the parasites and may be in the form of loops or strings. When the crescents are attached they proceed to dissolve the hemoglobin to make it available for utilization, assimilating what is required for nutrition, the waste product being in the form of pigment granules. After the hemoglobin mounds, to which the crescents are attached, have been decolorized by parasitic action, an appearance is obtained which has been described by most observers as vacuolization of the crescentic body. These observers believe the picture to be one of degeneration. The decolorized mounds or vacuoles ("achromatic areas") seen in connection with malarial parasites correspond to the nutrition vacuoles of the common amebæ, and possibly the malarial parasite may, like these amebæ, secrete reserve food.

RBS Analysis of Elements in the Fingernai

1989 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Madakson
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Hemoglobin Molecule ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACTFingernails from several sources were studied to determine elemental compositions. The common elements were found to be H, C, N, O, Ca and Fe. The elements Si, Bi, S, Mo, Ti, Zn, Pb, P and Nd were found on some of the nails; these are considered to result from environmental contamination, food and water intake. The compositions of H, C, N and O correlate with those in the hemoglobin molecule and, they do not vary significantly with time. This suggests that they are associated with dead blood cells. The other common elements, such as Ca and Fe, show variations in composition with time, probably because their amount in the body is determined by food and water intake. Fingernails from female sources have a higher concentration of Ca than those from male sources. Also, the concentration of Ca is generally higher on the outer than the inner surface of the nail, probably to provide a stronger bony structure and mechanical strength on the outside.

Morphological and morphometrical study of mental foramen in dry adult human mandible and its clinical relevance

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Saravana Kumar S ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Block ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Morphometrical Study

Background: Mental foramen is situated in the anterolateral aspect of the body of the mandible. It lies below either the interval between the premolar teeth or the second premolar tooth, midway between the upper and lower borders of the body of the mandible. It transmits mental nerves, arteries, and veins. The mental nerve is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve which supplies sensation to the lower lip, labial mucosa, lower canines, and premolars. The most useful injection for anaesthetizing the mandibular teeth is the inferior alveolar nerve block. To anaesthetize the anterior teeth including canines and premolars it is better to inject the anesthetic solution adjacent to the mental foramen instead of giving inferior alveolar nerve block. Aim: To Study the Morphological and Morphometrical Study of Mental Foramen in Dry Adult Human Mandible and Its Clinical Relevance in dental practice. Materials and methods: A total of 100 numbers of dry adult mandibles of unknown sex with complete dentition and intact alveolar sockets collected from the Department of Anatomy, Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, were used for this study. The shape, size, location, number of the mental foramen, direction of opening of mental foramen was measured on both sides of the mandible by using a vernier caliper. Results: The most frequent position of mental foramen was in line with the apex of the 2nd premolar (right side 86.1% and left side 84.75%). The second common position was between 1st and 2nd premolar (Right side 5.2% and Left side 5.85%). The shape of the mental foramen was oval in 63.3% and rounded in 36.7% respectively. The direction of opening of mental foramen in most of the mandible was posterosuperior. The mean distance from mental foramen to symphysis menti, lower border of the mandible, and posterior ramus of the mandible was 26.67mm, 11.76 mm, and 62.95mm respectively. The mean measurement of the angle of the mandible was 128°. Conclusion: Knowledge about the Morphometric measurement of mental foramen is important during various surgical dental procedures.

scholarly journals On the production and formation of pearls

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 278-278
Keyword(s):  
External Surface ◽  
Central Cell ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
The Common

In his examinations of the organs of generation of the large freshwater muscle, the author often met with seed pearls, either in the ovarium, or connected with the shell upon which the ovarium lay; and he remarked at the same time that all Oriental pearls have a brilliant central cell, which in the common mode of boring them is destroyed, but which may be beautifully exhibited by carefully splitting the pearl into halves: this cell is just large enough to contain an ovum, which is formed upon a pedicle like the yolk of the pullet’s egg, and is similarly discharged when completely formed. Thence Sir Everard concludes, that a pearl is formed upon the external surface of an ovum, which having been blighted, does not pass with the others into the oviduct, but remains attached to its pedicle in the ovarium, and in the following season receives a coat of pearl at the same time that the inner surface of the shell receives its annual supply. This conclusion, he observes, is verified by some pearls being spherical while others are pyramidal, in consequence of the pedicle, as well as the ovum, having been enamelled with nacre. This paper concludes with an extract from one of the early volumes of the Philosophical Transactions, in which a corresponding account of the growth of pearls is announced by Arnoldi in 1673.

The Common as Body Without Organs

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (supplement) ◽  
pp. 46-63
Author(s):  
Vidar Thorsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Deleuze And Guattari ◽  
Political Thinking ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus ◽  
Body Without Organs ◽  
Social Factory ◽  
The Common

The paper explores the relation of Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri's work to that of Deleuze and Guattari. The main focus is on Hardt and Negri's concept of ‘the common’ as developed in their most recent book Commonwealth. It is argued that the common can complement what Nicholas Thoburn terms the ‘minor’ characteristics of Deleuze's political thinking while also surpassing certain limitations posed by Hardt and Negri's own previous emphasis on ‘autonomy-in-production’. With reference to Marx's notion of real subsumption and early workerism's social-factory thesis, the discussion circles around showing how a distinction between capital and the common can provide a basis for what Alberto Toscano calls ‘antagonistic separation’ from capital in a more effective way than can the classical capital–labour distinction. To this end, it is demonstrated how the common might benefit from being understood in light of Deleuze and Guattari's conceptual apparatus, with reference primarily to the ‘body without organs’ of Anti-Oedipus. It is argued that the common as body without organs, now understood as constituting its own ‘social production’ separate from the BwO of capital, can provide a new basis for antagonistic separation from capital. Of fundamental importance is how the common potentially invents a novel regime of qualitative valorisation, distinct from capital's limitation to quantity and scarcity.

Our Bodies, Whose Property?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

No one wants to be treated like an object, regarded as an item of property, or put up for sale. Yet many people frame personal autonomy in terms of self-ownership, representing themselves as property owners with the right to do as they wish with their bodies. Others do not use the language of property, but are similarly insistent on the rights of free individuals to decide for themselves whether to engage in commercial transactions for sex, reproduction, or organ sales. Drawing on analyses of rape, surrogacy, and markets in human organs, this book challenges notions of freedom based on ownership of our bodies and argues against the normalization of markets in bodily services and parts. The book explores the risks associated with metaphors of property and the reasons why the commodification of the body remains problematic. The book asks what is wrong with thinking of oneself as the owner of one's body? What is wrong with making our bodies available for rent or sale? What, if anything, is the difference between markets in sex, reproduction, or human body parts, and the other markets we commonly applaud? The book contends that body markets occupy the outer edges of a continuum that is, in some way, a feature of all labor markets. But it also emphasizes that we all have bodies, and considers the implications of this otherwise banal fact for equality. Bodies remind us of shared vulnerability, alerting us to the common experience of living as embodied beings in the same world. Examining the complex issue of body exceptionalism, the book demonstrates that treating the body as property makes human equality harder to comprehend.

The Word of God in One’s Hand: Touching and Holding Pendant Koran Manuscripts

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-357
Author(s):  
Cornelius Berthold
Keyword(s):  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
The Body ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Solid Objects ◽  
Cylindrical Form ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Era

AbstractKoran manuscripts that fit comfortably within the palm of one’s hand are known as early as the 10th century CE.For the sake of convenience, all dates will be given in the common era (CE) without further mention, and not in the Islamic or Hijra calendar. Their minute and sometimes barely legible script is clearly not intended for comfortable reading. Instead, recent scholarship suggests that the manuscripts were designed to be worn on the body like pendants or fastened to military flag poles. This is corroborated by some preserved cases for these books which feature lugs to attach a cord or chain, but also their rare occurrence in contemporary textual sources. While pendant Korans in rectangular codex form exist, the majority were produced as codices in the shape of an octagonal prism, and others as scrolls that could be rolled up into a cylindrical form. Both resemble the shapes of similarly dated and pre-Islamic amulets or amulet cases. Building on recent scholarship, I will argue in this article that miniature or pendant Koran manuscripts were produced in similar forms and sizes because of comparable modes of usage, but not necessarily by a deliberate imitation of their amuletic ‘predecessors’. The manuscripts’ main functions did not require them to be read or even opened; some of their cases were in fact riveted shut. Accordingly, the haptic feedback they gave to their owners when they carried or touched them was not one of regular books but one of solid objects (like amulets) or even jewellery, which then reinforced this practice.

scholarly journals ORTHOPEDIC INJURIES IN ADOLESCENT GYMNASTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0011
Author(s):  
Katie Kim ◽  
Michael Saper
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Orthopedic Injuries ◽  
Extremity Injuries

Background: Gymnastics exposes the body to many different types of stressors ranging from repetitive motion, high impact loading, extreme weight bearing, and hyperextension. These stressors predispose the spine and upper and lower extremities to injury. In fact, among female sports, gymnastics has the highest rate of injury each year. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature on location and types of orthopedic injuries in adolescent (≤20 years) gymnasts. Methods: The Pubmed, Medline, EMBASE, EBSCO (CINAHL) and Web of Science databases were systematically searched according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify all studies reporting orthopedic injuries in adolescent and young adult gymnasts. All aspects of injuries were extracted and analyzed including location, type and rates of orthopedic injuries. Results: Screening yielded 22 eligible studies with a total of 427,225 patients. Twenty of 22 studies reported upper extremity injuries of which four specifically focused on wrist injuries. Eight studies reported lower extremity injuries. Nine studies reported back/spinal injuries. Seven studies investigated each body location of injury; one study reported the upper extremity as the most common location for injury and six studies reported the lower extremity as the most common location for injury. Of those seven studies, five (23%) reported sprains and strains as the most common injury. One study reported fractures as the most common injury. Conclusion: There is considerable variation in reported injury location. Some studies focused specifically on the spine/back or wrist. The type of gymnastics each patient participated in was also different, contributing to which area of the body was more heavily stressed, or lacking. Current literature lacks data to fully provide evidence regarding which body region is more frequently injured and the type of injury sustained.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document