scholarly journals A study of histological changes during development of human fetal kidney in later half of gestation

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4431
Author(s):  
Rajni Thakur ◽  
Anjana Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Labour Room ◽  
Nephrogenic Zone

Background: Prenatal period is a very crucial time for human development. It is important to know the normal developmental of human kidney for better understanding of various congenital renal conditions.Methods: This study was conducted in the department of anatomy, Pt. J. N. M. medical college Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. The materials for study (50 fetuses of gestational age between16 week to 40 weeks from cases of abortions, stillbirth from premature and normal deliveries with apparently normal history of gestation) were obtained from the labour room of the R. N. T. district hospital Kondagaon, Chhattisgarh, India. Fetal kidneys were dissected out; histological slides were made, stained with Hematoxylin and eosin and observed under light microscope.Results: A Subcapsular nephrogenic zone was seen in all kidneys up to 36 weeks of gestational age. Differentiation of kidney into cortex and medulla was seen in all the specimens. Presence of Bowman’s space was seen in 90-95% of glomeruli and vascular pole were present in 65-70% of glomeruli, in all specimens of different gestational age. Parietal epithelial lining of Bowman’s capsule was lined by cuboidal epithelium in immature glomeruli but this showed a gradual transition to a flat variety, with the further maturation of the glomeruli. Proportion of glomeruli with many lobulations, went on increasing with increasing gestational age.Conclusions: From the above findings, it can be concluded that although formation of new glomeruli occurs up to 36 weeks of intrauterine life, differentiation and maturation continues until the last week of third trimester of gestation.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Ultrasonic Evaluation of Bi-Parietal Diameter and Femoral Length in 2nd and 3rd Trimester to Estimate the Gestational Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Farjana Akther ◽  
Borhan Uddin ◽  
Mahbuba Ahmed ◽  
Kazi Nazma Begum ◽  
Nasrin Akhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Femoral Length ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Ultrasonic Evaluation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Parameters

During the gestational period, fetal biometrics are assessed through ultrasonography to observe the growth of the fetus. This study observed the corresponding of gestational age those were measured by two of the fetal diameters; gestational age were calculated from history of last menstrual period (LMP), in the last two trimesters. This descriptive type of observational study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, during the period of July, 2004 to June, 2005. Here 291 single-ton, non-complicated pregnant women of LMP were selected purposively from valid record. Bi-parietal diameter (BPD) and femoral length (FL) estimated through ultrasonography. These two parameters compared with the gestational age in second and third trimester. The study found that, before 36th week, the BPD based gestational age varied 2 to 3 days from LMP based gestational age and after that, the variation was 1 to 4 weeks. In case of FL, the ultrasonic measurement found to be 2 to 4 days backward in the second trimester and 2 to 3 days advance in the last trimester in contrast to the LMP based gestational age. In the second trimester, it has been found that, BPD has been the superior predictor of the gestational age than the FL with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 in case of BPD and 0.998 in case of FL when correlated with LMP based gestational age. Although, in third trimester, FL versus BPD predicted the gestational age with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 versus 0.978 respectively, when correlated with gestational age based on the history of LMP. This study has observed that, later in pregnancy, FL has the better predictability over BPD to determine the gestational age. Bangladesh Med J. 2020 Sept; 49(3) : 43-48

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Foetal Binocular Distance in Second & Third Trimester of Pregnancy and Correlation with Gestation Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Md. Menhazul Islam ◽  
Taslima Akter ◽  
Saiful Islam ◽  
Farzana Alam ◽  
Uday Goswami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gestation Age ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Posterior Position

Background: Foetal Binocular Distance in Second & Third Trimester of Pregnancy and correlation with Gestation Age is important. Objective: The purpose of the study was to sonographically measure the foetal binocular distance, determine the foetal gestational age & to find out relationship between them in 2nd & 3rd trimester of gestation. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of radiology and imaging Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of July 2012 to June 2013. In all the cases BPD, FL, AC, Binocular distance (BD) in cm and gestational age in weeks were measured by USG. Each patient was voluntary enrolled into the study without any specific indication. The measurement was performed only once for each patient. The foetal outer binocular distance was identified in the occipito-transverse or occipito-posterior-foetal positions. With the head in the occipito-posterior position, the transducer was placed in a plane that transected the occiput, orbits, and nasal processes. Measurements were obtained only when the fetal face was directly perpendicular to the uterine wall, since measurements in an oblique plane were considered to be unreliable. Result: The correlation between binocular distance (BD) in cm and gestational age (GA) in wks was calculated. This correlation was highly significant (r = 0. 973; p<0.001).Conclusion:Excellent correlation was found to exist between binocular diameter and gestational age. In the absence of known date of last menstrual period or where fundal height does not agree with dates, these parameters are valuable in estimating the gestational age of the foetus.Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, 2016;3(1):10-15

scholarly journals TO COMPARE ESTIMATION OF GESTATIONAL AGE BY FOETAL TRANSCEREBELLAR DIAMETER WITH BIPARIETAL DIAMETER`, FEMUR LENGTH, ABDOMINAL CIRCUMFERENCE, HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE AT DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY AT SMS MEDICAL COLLEGE, JAIPUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samta Solanki ◽  
Anusha S ◽  
B S Meena
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
The Mean

Background: Ultrasonographic assessment of gestational age by using different foetal parameter such as BPD, FL, AC are highly reliable in first and second trimester in pregnancy. In third trimester reliability of any single parameter has limitations. Methods: This was a hospital based comparative cross-sectional study done in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, S.M.S. Medical College and attached hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan. The period of study was from June 2018 to October 2019. Results: The mean TCD at 15 weeks and 40 weeks was 15.00 ± 0.00mm and 53.33±1.155mm respectively. The mean BPD at 16 weeks and 40 weeks was 33.50±0.70mm and 93±1.528mm respectively. The mean HC at 15 weeks and 40 weeks was 111.00±1,41mm and 340±2.00mm respectively. The mean FL at 15 weeks and 40 weeks was 18.50±0.70mm and 77.67±1.528mm respectively. The mean AC at 15 weeks and 40 weeks was 99.00±1.41mm and 365.33±8.32mm respectively. Conclusion:  We conclude that foetal transcerebellar diameter can thus be used as an alternative foetal parameter to assess gestational age and can be used in cases of wrong dates or when other routine parameters are not conclusive or did not accurately predict gestational age for e.g. in cases of hydrocephalus, brachycephaly, dolicocephaly, intrauterine growth restriction, achondroplasia or short limb dwarfism. Keywords: Gestational age, Linear regression, BPD

scholarly journals Study of placental morphometric anatomy in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus and inৎluence of gestational diabetes mellitus on the fetal weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 7549-7558
Author(s):  
Vishram Singh ◽  
Kumud Ranjan ◽  
Tewarson S L ◽  
Rashi Singh ◽  
Yogesh Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of ◽  
Labour Room ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

The placenta is an organ which is an indicator of maternal and fetal disorders. Gestational Diabetes mellitus complicates 2-5% of all pregnancy. Therefore our work was an analysis of changes in placental morphometric anatomy in mothers of gestational diabetes mellitus and the influence of gestational diabetes mellitus on the fetal weight. Sixty-two placentas of full-term pregnancy collected from labour room/operation theatre of Gynaecology and obstetrics, department of government medical college and super facility hospital Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh. Out of sixty-two placentas, 31 are from mothers with no known history of preexisting gestational diabetes mellitus cases as controls and 31 collected from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus. We found mean placental weight, mean placental area, mean placental volume, mean no of cotyledons significantly more in placentas of gestational diabetic mothers. Mean fetal weight of gestational diabetic mothers were more in comparison with controls. Mean transverse diameter of placentas of the diabetic mothers were more than mean transverse diameter of placentas of the non-diabetic mothers, statistically significant. Mean longitudinal diameter also more in placentas of diabetic mothers, not statistically significant. Mean thickness at the centre more in placentas of diabetic mothers, statistically significant. Mean thickness mid-way between centre and margin and mean thickness at margin more in diabetic placentas, not statistically significant. Gestational diabetic mothers had more round-shaped placentas. Marginal insertion of umbilical cord presents more in placentas of gestational diabetic mothers.

scholarly journals Monitoring Foetus and Neonatal Outcomes in Patients With Current or Previous History of Hyperthyroidism

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A942-A942
Author(s):  
Lakshminarayanan Varadhan ◽  
Monzoor Quader ◽  
Ayat Mohamed ◽  
Julia Uffindell ◽  
Sa’adatu Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Care Pathway ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Multidisciplinary Care ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Tertiary Referral Centre ◽  
History Of

Abstract Aim: Graves’ hyperthyroidism can be associated with persistent TSH-receptor antibody (TRAB) and need for anti-thyroid drugs (ATD) during pregnancy warranting careful monitoring during pregnancy and the neonatal period. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to assess the outcomes of babies born of women with current or previous history of hyperthyroidism. Method: All women with previous or current hyperthyroidism were reviewed in the joint antenatal-endocrine clinic. Neonatal alert was instituted for all patients with positive TRAB at 20 weeks and/or requiring ATD into third trimester and included serial growth scans in third trimester, fetal medicine(FM) scan, review of neonate by paediatrician, thyroid function test(TFT) for the neonate on day 2(D2) and further tests as needed. Results: Of the 56 patients treated over a 2 year period, 31 qualified for this study. Thyroid statuses of patients were: active hyperthyroidism at conception=20; Post radioactive iodine (RAI)=4; post thyroidectomy =2; hyperthyroidism in remission prenatally=5. 24 patients were TRAB positive at 20 weeks (Strongly positive(&gt;3xnormal) =10) & 7 were TRAB negative. 16 patients required ATD into 3rd trimester, of whom 11 required until delivery. Presence of any TRAB positivity did not statistically predict continuation or withdrawal of treatment. FM scan was normal in all patients (one patient had hydronephrosis which was deemed not related to thyroid status and resolved spontaneously after birth). Growth Scans were normal in 26 patients. One patient had a large for gestational age fetus which was not related to thyroid status (patient in Graves’ remission, TRAB weakly positive, normal FM scan, normal D2 and D14 TSH in the neonate). 4 patients had small for gestational age fetuses -2 had weakly positive and 1 strongly positive TRAB; all had normal FM scans; 1 neonate had high TSH at D2 and others normal; all neonates had normal TFT at D14. None of the neonates had clinical or biochemical hyperthyroidism on D2. 12 had high TSH on D2 - 10 normalized at D14; the other 2 were discussed with tertiary referral centre, no further medical treatment was advised and normalized spontaneously. 22 had high T4 at D2; at D14, 14 normalized, 4 had persistent high T4 but normal TSH (T4 data not available on 4 but all had normal TSH). Neonates born to mothers who were using ATD at time of delivery had higher probability of having high TSH at D2 compared to those who were not (8/11 vs 4/20, p&lt;0.005). This difference was not statistically significant based on use of ATD at onset of pregnancy (10/20 vs 2/11, p=0.08). Conclusion: Our study showed that no neonates developed overt hyperthyroidism. Use of ATD, especially in third trimester, could be associated with risk of transient biochemical hypothyroidism in neonate. A coordinated multidisciplinary care pathway is required to monitor and manage this complex cohort of patients and neonates.

scholarly journals TO CORRELATE PLACENTAL THICKNESS WITH OTHER FETAL PARAMETER ON USG IN SECOND AND THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
B S Meena ◽  
Ravindra Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Menstrual Period ◽  
Last Menstrual Period ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Live Fetus ◽  
Placental Thickness

Background: Gestational age is estimated by last menstrual period. Many women are unaware of their last menstrual period due to irregular menses, conception in lactation amenorrhea and due to illiteracy. The best possible ante partum care and successful labor outcome always revolve around the accurate knowledge of gestational age determination, and is an important component of antenatal care Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in department of obstetrics and gynecology on 200 pregnant women in second and third trimester with singleton live fetus at Mahila chikitsalay, S.M.S. medical college, Jaipur, from June 2018 to December 2019. All women were subjected to USG for estimation of gestational age by placental thickness (measured at the level of umbilical cord insertion). Results: Mean placental thickness show linear positive correlation with head circumference (HC). (r=0.960, p<0.0001).Mean placental thickness show linear positive correlation with abdominal circumference (AC). (r=0.948,p<0.0001). Mean placental thickness show positive correlation with FL both have linear correlation(r=0.946,<0.0001). Mean placental thickness show linear positive correlation with estimated fetal weight (EFW). (r=0.926,p<0.0001) Conclusion: All fetal parameter FL, HC, EFW, BPD, AC and gestational age showing positive correlation with placental thickness. All parameter have linear relationship with placental thickness. Correlation may be different with different type of parameter. Keywords: Ultrasonography (USG), Placental thickness, Gestation age.

scholarly journals Fetal transverse cerebellar diameter measurement in intrauterine growth restriction: a more accurate parameter for gestational age assessment at term

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4391
Author(s):  
Saroj Mourya ◽  
Harish Kumar Mourya ◽  
Vimla Jain ◽  
Manoj Verma
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Age Assessment ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reliable Parameter

Background: Assessment of fetal gestational age (GA) is an essential part of obstetric USG. Accurate knowledge of fetal GA is important to facilitate the best possible prenatal care and successful pregnancy outcome.  For the estimation of GA the commonly used parameters in third trimester are:- BPD, HC, AC and FL. As all these parameters are affected by fetal growth disorders and fetal position. TCD can be used as another parameter for the estimation of GA in growth restricted fetuses.Methods: This study was conducted at Mahila Chikitsalaya Sanganeri Gate; SMS Medical College Jaipur from July 2005 to September 2006. A total of 80 pregnant women in third trimester with singleton pregnancy including 40 pregnant women with known cases of IUGR and 40 AGA fetuses were studied for TCD measure.Results: Correlation coefficient between TCD and gestational age was highly significant and no significant difference was found in TCD of AGA and IUGR fetuses.Conclusions: TCD measurement can be used as more reliable parameter for accurate estimation of gestational age in IUGR fetuses in third trimester.

scholarly journals Assessment of Percentage Saturation of Hemoglobin with Oxygen in Arterial Blood of Pregnant Women

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
DK Sunyal ◽  
MR Amin ◽  
MH Molla ◽  
A Ahmed ◽  
S Ferdousi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Percentage Saturation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: Percentage saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen in arterial blood (SaO2) was studied in pregnant women to evaluate the lung function status in pregnancy. Methods: This study was conducted in the department of physiology in Dhaka medical college during July 2004 to June 2005. For this purpose total 32 women with age ranged 25-35 years without any recent history of respiratory diseases were selected from Dhaka city. Eight (8) age matched apparently healthy women was taken as control and Twenty four (24) normal pregnant women without any complication were included in experimental group. All pregnant subjects were studied during first, second and third trimester. SaO2 was determined by “Easy Blood Gas Auto Analyzer”. SaO2 during different trimesters were compared with that of non pregnant and also among the trimesters. Statistical analysis was done by students unpaired ‘t’ test. Result: Mean ±SD SaO2 during first trimester (97.73%±0.92), second trimester (98.05%±0.54) and third trimester (98.40%±0.30) were progressively increasing and were significantly higher (p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001) than that of non pregnant women (96.71±0.63). But no statistically significant differences were observed among the trimesteric values. The present result indicates increased lung function in pregnant women associated with progressively increased oxygen saturation with trimester. Higher progesterone level is related to increased ventilation which is more marked in luteal phase of menstrual cycle. In pregnant women gradually rising progesterone level reaches its peak at the later part of pregnancy. Conclusion: Therefore it may be concluded from the present study that progressively increased SaO2 might be related to hyperventilation induced by high progesterone level. Key words: Pregnant women, trimester, progesterone J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2006 Dec;(1):10-13.

scholarly journals The study of the humerus and femur length as combined predictors of the gestational age of human fetuses using ultrasonography

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2701
Author(s):  
Chaithra Rao B. R. ◽  
Sunkeswari Sreepadma
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Correlation Equation ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of

Background: Ultrasound dating of pregnancy is the most effective and easiest method presently used to assess the gestational age of fetus. The study evaluates the diaphyseal lengths of humerus and femur as combined parameters to estimate the gestational age of the fetus at the time of examination.Methods: The study was done on 152 pregnant women of gestational age from 15 to 40 weeks attending antenatal clinic of a certain medical college hospital. Subjects with maternal disease known to affect normal fetal growth, history of recurrent miscarriages and of chronic medications, multiple gestations or other complications and major fetal abnormalities were excluded. The diaphyseal lengths of humerus and femur were measured in a standardized manner. The relationship of the humerus and femur length in centimeters is compared with the gestational age in weeks. The multiple correlation equation of humerus and femur length with the gestational age was deduced.Results: It was observed that the diaphyseal length of humerus and femur gradually increased from 15 weeks to 40 weeks of gestation and by applying multiple correlation, a formula was derived to calculate the gestational age.Conclusions: The measurement of the humerus and femur length (in cm) can be an important additional parameter for estimating gestational age along with other parameters and can be used to predict the gestational age of fetuses belonging to that geographical area using the derived formula.

scholarly journals Histogenesis of human fetal thymus in different gestational age groups

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
G Prabavathy
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Fetal Thymus ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
Gandhi Medical College

Abstract Background & Aim: The present study is aimed to document the histological changes of thymus gland during different weeks of gestation in human fetuses. Materials & methods: Fifty-three human fetuses (30 males and 23 females) of different age groups ranging from 9th to 40th gestational week were procured from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai and from Mahathma Gandhi Medical College, Puducherry. The fetuses were dissected. The thymic tissues thus obtained were immersed in I 0% formalin for one week. After proper fixation, the tissue was subjected to routine processing and then the sections were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin for microscopic examination. Results : Formation of lobules had started at 9th week and distinct formation of lobules was observed during the 12th week. The differentiation of the cortex and the medulla became well distinguished from the 14th week onwards. Presence of Hassall's Corpuscles was observed from 14th week and was found in all sections from 15th week onwards. Hassall's Corpuscles increased in number, size and maturity with the increase in the gestational age. Conclusion: Familiarity with the embryology, anatomy, and dynamic physiology of the thymus is essential for clinicians to avoid unnecessary imaging or invasive procedures.

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