scholarly journals Comparison of the Ultrasonic Evaluation of Bi-Parietal Diameter and Femoral Length in 2nd and 3rd Trimester to Estimate the Gestational Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Farjana Akther ◽  
Borhan Uddin ◽  
Mahbuba Ahmed ◽  
Kazi Nazma Begum ◽  
Nasrin Akhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Femoral Length ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Ultrasonic Evaluation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Parameters

During the gestational period, fetal biometrics are assessed through ultrasonography to observe the growth of the fetus. This study observed the corresponding of gestational age those were measured by two of the fetal diameters; gestational age were calculated from history of last menstrual period (LMP), in the last two trimesters. This descriptive type of observational study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, during the period of July, 2004 to June, 2005. Here 291 single-ton, non-complicated pregnant women of LMP were selected purposively from valid record. Bi-parietal diameter (BPD) and femoral length (FL) estimated through ultrasonography. These two parameters compared with the gestational age in second and third trimester. The study found that, before 36th week, the BPD based gestational age varied 2 to 3 days from LMP based gestational age and after that, the variation was 1 to 4 weeks. In case of FL, the ultrasonic measurement found to be 2 to 4 days backward in the second trimester and 2 to 3 days advance in the last trimester in contrast to the LMP based gestational age. In the second trimester, it has been found that, BPD has been the superior predictor of the gestational age than the FL with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 in case of BPD and 0.998 in case of FL when correlated with LMP based gestational age. Although, in third trimester, FL versus BPD predicted the gestational age with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 versus 0.978 respectively, when correlated with gestational age based on the history of LMP. This study has observed that, later in pregnancy, FL has the better predictability over BPD to determine the gestational age. Bangladesh Med J. 2020 Sept; 49(3) : 43-48

scholarly journals A study of histological changes during development of human fetal kidney in later half of gestation

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4431
Author(s):  
Rajni Thakur ◽  
Anjana Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Labour Room ◽  
Nephrogenic Zone

Background: Prenatal period is a very crucial time for human development. It is important to know the normal developmental of human kidney for better understanding of various congenital renal conditions.Methods: This study was conducted in the department of anatomy, Pt. J. N. M. medical college Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. The materials for study (50 fetuses of gestational age between16 week to 40 weeks from cases of abortions, stillbirth from premature and normal deliveries with apparently normal history of gestation) were obtained from the labour room of the R. N. T. district hospital Kondagaon, Chhattisgarh, India. Fetal kidneys were dissected out; histological slides were made, stained with Hematoxylin and eosin and observed under light microscope.Results: A Subcapsular nephrogenic zone was seen in all kidneys up to 36 weeks of gestational age. Differentiation of kidney into cortex and medulla was seen in all the specimens. Presence of Bowman’s space was seen in 90-95% of glomeruli and vascular pole were present in 65-70% of glomeruli, in all specimens of different gestational age. Parietal epithelial lining of Bowman’s capsule was lined by cuboidal epithelium in immature glomeruli but this showed a gradual transition to a flat variety, with the further maturation of the glomeruli. Proportion of glomeruli with many lobulations, went on increasing with increasing gestational age.Conclusions: From the above findings, it can be concluded that although formation of new glomeruli occurs up to 36 weeks of intrauterine life, differentiation and maturation continues until the last week of third trimester of gestation.

scholarly journals A Sonographic Study on Estimating of Gestational Age by Placental Thickness

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Prashanth G Patil ◽  
KM Nataraj ◽  
Shaik Hussain Saheb
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Placental Thickness

Background: Knowledge of gestational age (GA) is important because it affects clinical management in many ways. Ultrasonography has provided a safe and noninvasive means of dating a pregnancy. The purpose of the present study is to assess the relationship of placental thickness with gestational age and to compare it with other sonographic parameters used to estimate gestational age. Subjects and Methods: The study included 242 normal pregnant women who knew their last menstrual period (LMP). After taking consent, all the women underwent an ultrasound examination. During the scan, besides measuring routine biometric parameters, Placental thickness at the cord insertion was also measured. A retrospective study was designated to test the hypothesis that placental thickness in an age dependant variable and hence can predict gestational age. In the end, the predicted gestational age by placental thickness was compared with gestational age as determined by other sonographic parameters. Results: Placental thickness showed a linear progression in relation to the menstrual age. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.86(p<0.001). The regression equation was formulated by regressing gestational age on the measured placental thickness. The correlation coefficient between GA-LMP and GA-USG was 0.92 as compared to 0.86 between GA-LMP and GA-PT. The standard error for other USG parameters was +2.32 compared to +2.96 for placental thickness. Conclusion: Placental thickness being a fusion of menstrual age, can be used to predict the gestational age by using the regression formula. Gestational age calculated by other USG parameters is closer to menstrual age as compared to that by placental thickness. The prediction interval was slightly more when the placental thickness was used instead of other USG parameters. Placental thickness is a good alternative parameter for predicting gestational age in the second and third trimester.

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Foetal Binocular Distance in Second & Third Trimester of Pregnancy and Correlation with Gestation Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Md. Menhazul Islam ◽  
Taslima Akter ◽  
Saiful Islam ◽  
Farzana Alam ◽  
Uday Goswami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gestation Age ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Posterior Position

Background: Foetal Binocular Distance in Second & Third Trimester of Pregnancy and correlation with Gestation Age is important. Objective: The purpose of the study was to sonographically measure the foetal binocular distance, determine the foetal gestational age & to find out relationship between them in 2nd & 3rd trimester of gestation. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of radiology and imaging Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of July 2012 to June 2013. In all the cases BPD, FL, AC, Binocular distance (BD) in cm and gestational age in weeks were measured by USG. Each patient was voluntary enrolled into the study without any specific indication. The measurement was performed only once for each patient. The foetal outer binocular distance was identified in the occipito-transverse or occipito-posterior-foetal positions. With the head in the occipito-posterior position, the transducer was placed in a plane that transected the occiput, orbits, and nasal processes. Measurements were obtained only when the fetal face was directly perpendicular to the uterine wall, since measurements in an oblique plane were considered to be unreliable. Result: The correlation between binocular distance (BD) in cm and gestational age (GA) in wks was calculated. This correlation was highly significant (r = 0. 973; p<0.001).Conclusion:Excellent correlation was found to exist between binocular diameter and gestational age. In the absence of known date of last menstrual period or where fundal height does not agree with dates, these parameters are valuable in estimating the gestational age of the foetus.Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, 2016;3(1):10-15

scholarly journals Studies of the Irradiation Protection Effect of Fetal Liver in Mice. I. Influence of the Gestational Age of the Donor Tissue

Blood ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL N. TSCHETTER ◽  
JOHN H. GITHENS ◽  
M. GIOVANNELLA MOSCOVICI
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Hematopoietic Tissue ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Protection Effect ◽  
Late Mortality ◽  
Donor Tissue ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Irradiation Protection

Abstract 1. The gestational age of donor hematopoietic tissue appeared to have no influence on the 30-day mortality following homologous transplants in irradiated mice. 2. Recipients of second trimester homologous donor tissue had a late (90-day) mortality that was 16 per cent lower than that observed in animals receiving tissue from third trimester and neonatal donors, but statistical analysis showed a low level of significance. 3. Irradiation alone appeared to cause a late mortality in non-injected irradiated animals and in isologously transplanted irradiated animals.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of mifepristone-misoprostol combination with extraamniotic ethacridine lactate-misoprostol for termination of second trimester pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4229
Author(s):  
Hemavathi G. ◽  
Jagruthi C.
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Trimester Abortion ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Incomplete Abortion ◽  
Ethacridine Lactate ◽  
Second Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Mid trimester termination of pregnancy is one of the most controversial areas of gynecological practice. It has moral, emotional, social and technical issues. This study was designed for comparison of efficacy and safety of Mifepristone-Misoprostol combination with exrtaamniotic Ethacridine Lactate-misoprostol for termination of second trimester pregnancy.Methods: The present was undertaken among the patients admitted to hospitals attached to J.J.M. Medical College; Bapuji hospital, Women and Children hospital and Chigateri general hospital Davangere during the study period   from November 2016 - October 2017.  Patients coming for second trimester abortion to above mentioned hospitals were assigned serial number from 1 to 80 and all patients with even number will be allocated to group 1 and all patients with odd number will be allocated in group 2, each group comprising 40 women each.Results: Majority of the cases in both the groups were between 21-25 yrs. Majority of the cases in both the groups were multigravidas. 11 cases from group 1 and 12 cases from group 2 were of gestational age between 14-16 wks. 29 cases from group 1 and 28 cases from group 2 were of gestational age between 18-20 wks. In the present study the mean induction abortion interval for group 1 was 19.56±1.82 hours and group 2 was 14.13±2.72 hours. This was statistically significant. Of the 40 cases in each group, 37 had complete abortion i.e. 92.5% 3 cases (7.5%) from both the groups had incomplete abortion. The side effects were relatively more in more in group 1 when compared to group 2.Conclusions: It was concluded that with this combination success rate was high (92.5 %), with Short induction abortion interval, less rate of incomplete abortion without any major complications.

scholarly journals TO COMPARE ESTIMATION OF GESTATIONAL AGE BY FOETAL TRANSCEREBELLAR DIAMETER WITH BIPARIETAL DIAMETER`, FEMUR LENGTH, ABDOMINAL CIRCUMFERENCE, HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE AT DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY AT SMS MEDICAL COLLEGE, JAIPUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samta Solanki ◽  
Anusha S ◽  
B S Meena
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
The Mean

Background: Ultrasonographic assessment of gestational age by using different foetal parameter such as BPD, FL, AC are highly reliable in first and second trimester in pregnancy. In third trimester reliability of any single parameter has limitations. Methods: This was a hospital based comparative cross-sectional study done in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, S.M.S. Medical College and attached hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan. The period of study was from June 2018 to October 2019. Results: The mean TCD at 15 weeks and 40 weeks was 15.00 ± 0.00mm and 53.33±1.155mm respectively. The mean BPD at 16 weeks and 40 weeks was 33.50±0.70mm and 93±1.528mm respectively. The mean HC at 15 weeks and 40 weeks was 111.00±1,41mm and 340±2.00mm respectively. The mean FL at 15 weeks and 40 weeks was 18.50±0.70mm and 77.67±1.528mm respectively. The mean AC at 15 weeks and 40 weeks was 99.00±1.41mm and 365.33±8.32mm respectively. Conclusion:  We conclude that foetal transcerebellar diameter can thus be used as an alternative foetal parameter to assess gestational age and can be used in cases of wrong dates or when other routine parameters are not conclusive or did not accurately predict gestational age for e.g. in cases of hydrocephalus, brachycephaly, dolicocephaly, intrauterine growth restriction, achondroplasia or short limb dwarfism. Keywords: Gestational age, Linear regression, BPD

scholarly journals Monitoring Foetus and Neonatal Outcomes in Patients With Current or Previous History of Hyperthyroidism

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A942-A942
Author(s):  
Lakshminarayanan Varadhan ◽  
Monzoor Quader ◽  
Ayat Mohamed ◽  
Julia Uffindell ◽  
Sa’adatu Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Care Pathway ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Multidisciplinary Care ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Tertiary Referral Centre ◽  
History Of

Abstract Aim: Graves’ hyperthyroidism can be associated with persistent TSH-receptor antibody (TRAB) and need for anti-thyroid drugs (ATD) during pregnancy warranting careful monitoring during pregnancy and the neonatal period. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to assess the outcomes of babies born of women with current or previous history of hyperthyroidism. Method: All women with previous or current hyperthyroidism were reviewed in the joint antenatal-endocrine clinic. Neonatal alert was instituted for all patients with positive TRAB at 20 weeks and/or requiring ATD into third trimester and included serial growth scans in third trimester, fetal medicine(FM) scan, review of neonate by paediatrician, thyroid function test(TFT) for the neonate on day 2(D2) and further tests as needed. Results: Of the 56 patients treated over a 2 year period, 31 qualified for this study. Thyroid statuses of patients were: active hyperthyroidism at conception=20; Post radioactive iodine (RAI)=4; post thyroidectomy =2; hyperthyroidism in remission prenatally=5. 24 patients were TRAB positive at 20 weeks (Strongly positive(&gt;3xnormal) =10) & 7 were TRAB negative. 16 patients required ATD into 3rd trimester, of whom 11 required until delivery. Presence of any TRAB positivity did not statistically predict continuation or withdrawal of treatment. FM scan was normal in all patients (one patient had hydronephrosis which was deemed not related to thyroid status and resolved spontaneously after birth). Growth Scans were normal in 26 patients. One patient had a large for gestational age fetus which was not related to thyroid status (patient in Graves’ remission, TRAB weakly positive, normal FM scan, normal D2 and D14 TSH in the neonate). 4 patients had small for gestational age fetuses -2 had weakly positive and 1 strongly positive TRAB; all had normal FM scans; 1 neonate had high TSH at D2 and others normal; all neonates had normal TFT at D14. None of the neonates had clinical or biochemical hyperthyroidism on D2. 12 had high TSH on D2 - 10 normalized at D14; the other 2 were discussed with tertiary referral centre, no further medical treatment was advised and normalized spontaneously. 22 had high T4 at D2; at D14, 14 normalized, 4 had persistent high T4 but normal TSH (T4 data not available on 4 but all had normal TSH). Neonates born to mothers who were using ATD at time of delivery had higher probability of having high TSH at D2 compared to those who were not (8/11 vs 4/20, p&lt;0.005). This difference was not statistically significant based on use of ATD at onset of pregnancy (10/20 vs 2/11, p=0.08). Conclusion: Our study showed that no neonates developed overt hyperthyroidism. Use of ATD, especially in third trimester, could be associated with risk of transient biochemical hypothyroidism in neonate. A coordinated multidisciplinary care pathway is required to monitor and manage this complex cohort of patients and neonates.

scholarly journals Changes of Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide in Arterial Blood (PaCO2) and Respiratory Rate (RR) in Pregnant Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
D K Sunyal ◽  
Md. R Amin ◽  
MH Md. R ◽  
GM Kibria ◽  
G M Molla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

In the present study the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaC0:1 and respiratory rate (RR) were studied in pregnant and non-pregnant women in Dhaka city. Far this purpose a total 32 women for PaCO)and 100 women for RR with age ranging front 25 ...ears le 35 years without any recent history of respiratory diseases were selected. Normal pregnant women were taken as e.yperimental group and healthy nor-pregnant ...omen as return!. Data was collected during first trimester. second trimester and third trimester in pregnant women and also nompregnant women. The PaCOrwas determined by using 'EASY BLOOD GAS .0TO INALMER" and RR was recorded. The PaCO, and RR during different trimesters of pregnant .rumen were compared with that of non-pregnant 11.1101. Statistical analysis was drum with .tudents '1' rest. The PeCOr was significantly lower in first trimester, second trimester and third (rimester of pregnant women than that of non-pregnant women. Similarly, RR was significantly higher in first trimester. second trimester and third trimester of pregnant women than that of nonpregnant women. Again RR was significantly higher in third trimester than in first trimester and second trimester of pregnant women. There were no statistically significant difference of PaCO, among first trimester. second trimester and third trimester of pregnant women. Similarly, there were no statistically significant difference of RR between first trimester and second trimester of pregnant women. It may be concluded from the study that the progressively decreased PaCO• and increased RR throughout Me pregnancy were most likely MP be related to the effect of progesterone-induced hyperventilation. Hypermfilation in pregnancy is due to hypersensitivity of respiratory centre. Due to hyperventilation there is expel out of CO, miming decrease in PaC0r and increase in RR during pregnancy.

scholarly journals TO CORRELATE PLACENTAL THICKNESS WITH OTHER FETAL PARAMETER ON USG IN SECOND AND THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
B S Meena ◽  
Ravindra Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Menstrual Period ◽  
Last Menstrual Period ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Live Fetus ◽  
Placental Thickness

Background: Gestational age is estimated by last menstrual period. Many women are unaware of their last menstrual period due to irregular menses, conception in lactation amenorrhea and due to illiteracy. The best possible ante partum care and successful labor outcome always revolve around the accurate knowledge of gestational age determination, and is an important component of antenatal care Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in department of obstetrics and gynecology on 200 pregnant women in second and third trimester with singleton live fetus at Mahila chikitsalay, S.M.S. medical college, Jaipur, from June 2018 to December 2019. All women were subjected to USG for estimation of gestational age by placental thickness (measured at the level of umbilical cord insertion). Results: Mean placental thickness show linear positive correlation with head circumference (HC). (r=0.960, p<0.0001).Mean placental thickness show linear positive correlation with abdominal circumference (AC). (r=0.948,p<0.0001). Mean placental thickness show positive correlation with FL both have linear correlation(r=0.946,<0.0001). Mean placental thickness show linear positive correlation with estimated fetal weight (EFW). (r=0.926,p<0.0001) Conclusion: All fetal parameter FL, HC, EFW, BPD, AC and gestational age showing positive correlation with placental thickness. All parameter have linear relationship with placental thickness. Correlation may be different with different type of parameter. Keywords: Ultrasonography (USG), Placental thickness, Gestation age.

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