Effect of severity of hypertension on brain stem auditory evoked potentials

Background: Hypertension is one of the most important public health problems among worldwide. Central nervous system dysfunctions are common in these patients due to micro-infarctions caused by arteriolar spasm of cerebral blood vessels. This will lead to hypoperfusion, subcortical white matter demyelination, and cognitive decline. The Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) are far field subcortical electrical potentials which provide an objective electrophysiological method for assessing the auditory pathway from auditory nerve to the brainstem. Aim and objective of the study was to assess the effect of increasing severity of hypertension on the brainstem auditory pathway, among the patients of essential hypertension.Methods: A total of 75 subjects of age group 30 to 60 years were included in the study. Among them 25 were healthy age and sex matched controls (Group I), 25 were stage 1 hypertensives (Group IIa) and 25 were stage 2 hypertensives (Group IIb) as per JNC 7 criteria. The absolute latencies I, III, V and interpeak latencies (IPL) I-III, III-V, I-V were recorded by using Neuroperfect EMG 2000 system with installed BAER and data were statistically analyzed using Student unpaired t test.Results: All the hypertensive (Group IIa and IIb) patients were found to have significantly prolonged absolute latency of wave III, V and IPL III-V, I-V as compared to that of normal healthy controls. The wave V latency was prolonged as the severity of hypertension increased. Intergroup comparison among hypertensive patients (Group IIa and IIb) revealed a significant prolongation of absolute latency of Wave III, V and IPL III-V, I-V.Conclusions: The results show that there exists a sensory deficit along with synaptic delay across the auditory pathway in the hypertensive patients and the sensory deficit progresses with the severity of the disease.

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Role of Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry in Evaluating Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Diabetic Patients

Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery ◽

10.47210/bjohns.2021.v29i2.481 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 182-188

Author(s):

Deepika Goswami ◽

Saurabh Srivastava ◽

Anuja Bhargava ◽

Syed M Faiz ◽

Zeba Siddiqi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽

Auditory Pathway ◽

Evoked Response ◽

Sensorineural Hearing ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry ◽

Group I ◽

Absolute Latency ◽

Evoked Response Audiometry

Introduction Diabetes has become a global epidemic. Hearing loss has been long associated with diabetes. Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) is an objective, non-invasive, electro diagnostic test that not only evaluates the functional integrity of the subcortical auditory pathway but also provides topo-diagnosis of hearing loss. This study aims to identify the role BERA in detecting hearing loss early in diabetic patients.Materials and Methods In this study a total of 210 patients were taken and subjected to blood glucose levels followed by PTA were divided into two groups. Group I (n=105) consisted of diabetic patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and Group II (n=105) had age and sex matched non-diabetics with SNHL. All the patients were evaluated with BERA.Results All the patients were subjected to Brain Stem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA). Absolute latency of Wave I, III, V, I-III, III-V and I-V were assessed for both the ears. In both ear Absolute latency were significantly higher in diabetics as compared to non-diabetic patientsConclusion The findings of present study showed that the severity of hearing loss was significantly higher in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic controls. Level of glycemic control showed a possible link with severity of hearing loss.

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Auditory evoked potentials and multiple sclerosis

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2010000400010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 528-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Carla Gentile Matas ◽

Sandro Luiz de Andrade Matas ◽

Caroline Rondina Salzano de Oliveira ◽

Isabela Crivellaro Gonçalves

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Nervous System ◽

Evoked Potentials ◽

Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽

Demyelinating Disease ◽

Auditory Pathway ◽

Auditory Brainstem ◽

Central Nervous System Damage ◽

Brainstem Response ◽

And Gender

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease that can affect several areas of the central nervous system. Damage along the auditory pathway can alter its integrity significantly. Therefore, it is important to investigate the auditory pathway, from the brainstem to the cortex, in individuals with MS. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize auditory evoked potentials in adults with MS of the remittent-recurrent type. METHOD: The study comprised 25 individuals with MS, between 25 and 55 years, and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (research and control groups). Subjects underwent audiological and electrophysiological evaluations. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups regarding the results of the auditory brainstem response and the latency of the Na and P300 waves. CONCLUSION: Individuals with MS present abnormalities in auditory evoked potentials indicating dysfunction of different regions of the central auditory nervous system.

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Increased Gain in the Auditory Pathway, Alzheimer’s Disease Continuum, and Air Pollution: Peripheral and Central Auditory System Dysfunction Evolves Across Pediatric and Adult Urbanites

Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease - Alzheimer’s Disease and Air Pollution ◽

10.3233/aiad210038 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas ◽

Randy J. Kulesza ◽

Yusra Mansour ◽

Mario Aiello-Mora ◽

Partha S. Mukherjee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Young Adults ◽

Evoked Potentials ◽

Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽

Auditory Pathway ◽

Conduction Time ◽

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽

Noninvasive Biomarkers

A major impediment in early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the lack of robust non-invasive biomarkers of early brain dysfunction. Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) children and young adults show hyperphosphorylated tau, amyloid-β, and α-synuclein within auditory and vestibular nuclei and marked dysmorphology in the ventral cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex. Based on early involvement of auditory brainstem centers, we believe brainstem auditory evoked potentials can provide early AD biomarkers in MMC young residents. We measured brainstem auditory evoked potentials in MMC clinically healthy children (8.52 ± 3.3 years) and adults (21.08 ± 3.0 years, 42.48 ± 8.5 years, and 71.2 ± 6.4 years) compared to clean air controls (6.5 ± 0.7 years) and used multivariate analysis adjusting for age, gender, and residency. MMC children had decreased latency to wave I, delays in waves III and V, and longer latencies for interwave intervals, consistent with delayed central conduction time of brainstem neural transmission. In sharp contrast, young adults have significantly shortened interwave intervals I–III and I–V. By the 5th decade, wave V and interval I–V were significantly shorter, while the elderly cohort had significant delay in mean latencies and interwave intervals. Compensatory plasticity, increased auditory gain, cochlear synaptopathy, neuroinflammation, and AD continuum likely play a role in the evolving distinct auditory pathology in megacity urbanites. Understanding auditory central and peripheral dysfunction in the AD continuum evolving and progressing in pediatric and young adult populations may shed light on the complex mechanisms of AD development and help identify strong noninvasive biomarkers. AD evolving from childhood in air pollution environments ought to be preventable.

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Auditory evoked potentials recorded from the cochlear nucleus and its vicinity in man

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1983.59.6.1013 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 1013-1018 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Aage R. Møller ◽

Peter J. Jannetta

Keyword(s):

Evoked Potentials ◽

Brain Stem ◽

Cochlear Nucleus ◽

Auditory Nerve ◽

Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽

Auditory Pathway ◽

Content Type ◽

Negative Peak ◽

Auditory Brain Stem ◽

Stimulation Of

✓ Intracranial responses from the auditory nerve and the cochlear nucleus were recorded from patients undergoing neurosurgical operations during which these structures were exposed. Responses to stimulation of the ipsilateral ear with short tonebursts from the vicinity of the cochlear nucleus show a large surface-negative peak, the latency of which is close to that of peak III in the auditory brain-stem evoked potentials recorded from scalp electrodes. There was also a response to contralateral stimulation, smaller in amplitude and with a longer latency. It is concluded that the cochlear nucleus is the main generator of peak III responses, and that structures of the ascending auditory pathway that are more central than the cochlear nucleus are unlikely to contribute to wave III of the auditory brain-stem evoked potentials.

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Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

10.5772/intechopen.97469 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rajesh Paluru ◽

Devendra Singh Negi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Evoked Potentials ◽

Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽

Evoked Potential ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Auditory Pathway ◽

Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Auditory Evoked Response ◽

Chronic Hyperglycaemia ◽

Central Neuropathy

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Diabetes affects many systems and produces complications in the human body, in those complications one is diabetic central neuropathy. The pathological mechanisms involved in the central neuropathy include chronic hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemic episodes, angiopathy and blood–brain barrier dysfunction. Diabetic central neuropathy is detected by using of brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER), Visual evoked potential (VEP), somatosensory evoked potential (SEP). These abnormalities are present at different levels and may appear before appearance of overt complications. The central nervous system abnormalities are more frequent in patients with peripheral neuropathy but evoked potentials can be abnormal even in patients without neuropathy. The BAER is a physiological recording technique to study the auditory pathway and does not require subject’s attention and generates waves during the first 10 ms after the sound stimulus. Each BAER wave is generated by the activation of a sub-cortical component of the auditory pathway with 90% sensitivity and 70–90% of specificity.

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Involvement of the Auditory Pathway in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

10.1159/000517213 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Laura E. Ramos-Languren ◽

Roberto Rodríguez-Labrada ◽

Jonathan J. Magaña ◽

Nalia Canales-Ochoa ◽

Yanetza González-Zaldivar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinocerebellar Ataxia ◽

Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽

Auditory Pathway ◽

Cag Repeats ◽

Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type ◽

Autosomal Dominant Disorder ◽

Significant Prolongation ◽

Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7 ◽

Functional Involvement ◽

The Central Nervous System

Background: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in the ATXN7 gene. The involvement of the brainstem auditory pathway in pathogenesis of this disease has not been systematically assessed. Aim: To determine involvement of the brainstem auditory pathway in SCA7 patients and its relationship to clinical features of the disease. Methods: In this case-control study, brainstem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEPs) were assessed in 12 SCA7 patients with clinical and molecular diagnosis, compared to 2 control groups of 16 SCA2 patients and 16 healthy controls. Results: SCA7 patients exhibited significant prolongation of I-wave and III-wave latencies, whereas SCA2 patients showed increased latencies for III and V waves and I–III interpeak interval. SCA7 patients with larger I-wave latencies exhibited larger CAG repeats, earlier onset age, and higher SARA scores, but in SCA2 cases, these were not observed. Conclusions: BAEP tests revealed functional involvement of the auditory pathway in SCA7 (mainly at) peripheral portions, which gave new insights into the disease physiopathology different from SCA2 and may unravel distinct pathoanatomical effects of polyQ expansions in the central nervous system. Significance: These findings offer important insights into the distinctive disease mechanisms in SCA7 and SCA2, which could be useful for differential diagnosis and designing specific precision medicine approaches for both conditions.

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