scholarly journals Survey of filariasis and Microfilarial periodicity in Musi Rawas District, South Sumatra, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Edyansyah ◽  
Budi Mulyaningsih ◽  
Sitti R. Umniyati ◽  
Suwarno Hadisusanto
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Clinical Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lymph System ◽  
High Level ◽  
Positive Results

Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a parasitic disease that is similar to the threads of its habitat in the lymph system that infect humans, namely Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori. Although B. malayi commonly infects humans, recent evidence also suggests that Brugia pahangi, an afilarial nematode naturally found in cats, can cause clinical infection in humans, with clinical features consistent with lymphatic filariasis. Methods: Cross-sectional with an observational and analytic approach. The results of a positive microscopic examination were carried out by Brugia Rapid Test for B. malayi and PCR examination for B. malayi and B. pahangi. Positive microscopic results were then checked for periodicity of microfilariae every 2 hours for 24 hoursResults: From the research, 17 people were positive for B. malayi microfilariae (mf rate 6.34%). The Brugia Rapid Test had 17 positive results. PCR results of 14 people were positive/formed a band at 322 bp. The results of the sample sequencing were B. malayi species. PCR results of B. pahangi were not found to be positive / band formed in all samples. The periodicity results of microfilaria peaked at 00: 00-04: 00 with the nocturnal periodic type. Conclusions: Lubuk Pauh Village, Musi Rawas Regency is still endemic for malayi filariasis with a high level of endemicity and is not an endemic area for filariasis pahangi. The periodicity of microfilariae indicates a nocturnal periodic type.

scholarly journals Distribusi Filariasis Brugia timori dan Wuchereria bancrofti di Desa Kahale, Kecamatan Kodi Balaghar, Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya, Nusa Tenggara Timur

2018 ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Rais Yunarko ◽  
Yona Patanduk
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Drug Coverage ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional

Lymphatic filariasis is still a health problem in the East Nusa Tenggara province. Southwest Sumba District is filariasis endemic area. It is found 35 chronic cases in Kodi Balaghar subdistrict. Although implementation of mass drug adminsitration was held in 2011 but drug coverage had been poor and not reach Kodi Balaghar subdistrict. The purpose of this study were to measure the prevalence and distribution, determine the density and type of parasite and mapping cases in the Kodi Balaghar subdistrict. This research was a descriptive study with cross sectional approach which conducted in the Kahale Village, Kodi Balaghar Subdistrict in 2012. Five hundred people were checked. The results of the examination found that 21 positive microfilariae cases,  Mf rate was 4.2%. Two species of microfilariae that found were Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia timori. The distribution filariasis cases is higher in men and higher in reproductive age (15-45 years). There were three types of infection, an infection by B. timori, W. bancrofti, and mixed infections both the microfilariae. The density of microfilariae in the area was 190.86 mf/ml, the density W. bancrofti was 160.04 mf/ml, B. timori was 115.97 mf/ml. Filariasis cases distributed near to potential breeding places of mosquito .

scholarly journals High-throughput immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2, considerable differences in performance when comparing three methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Ekelund ◽  
Kim Ekblom ◽  
Sofia Somajo ◽  
Johanna Pattison-Granberg ◽  
Karl Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
Flow Test ◽  
Lateral Flow Test ◽  
High Level ◽  
Positive Results

Background: The recently launched high-throughput assays for the detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 may change the managing strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed at investigating the performance of three high-throughput assays and one rapid lateral flow test relative to the recommended criteria defined by regulatory authorities. Methods: A total of 133 samples, including 100 pre-pandemic samples, 20 samples from SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive individuals, and 13 potentially cross-reactive samples were analysed with SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Abbott), Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Roche), LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG (DiaSorin) and 2019-nCOV IgG/IgM Rapid Test (Dynamiker Biotechnology Co). Results: All assays performed with a high level of specificity; however, only Abbott reached 100% (95% CI 96.3-100). The pre-pandemic samples analysed with Roche, DiaSorin and Dynamiker Biotechnology resulted in two to three false-positive results per method (specificity 96.9-98.0%). Sensitivity differed more between the assays, Roche exhibiting the highest sensitivity (100%, CI 83.9-100). The corresponding figures for Abbott, DiaSorin and Dynamiker Biotechnology were 85.0%, 77.8% and 75.0%, respectively. Conclusions: The results of the evaluated SARS-CoV-2 assays vary considerably as well as their ability to fulfil the performance criteria proposed by regulatory authorities. Introduction into clinical use in low-prevalent settings, should therefore, be made with caution.

scholarly journals Assessment of Antibiotic Residues in the Marketed Meat of Kailali and Kavre of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabin Raut ◽  
Ram Kumar Mandal ◽  
Krishna Kaphle ◽  
Dinesh Pant ◽  
Suresh Nepali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Meat Sample ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Sterile Plastic ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
High Level

This is a cross-sectional study to detect presence of antibiotic residues in meat sample of Kailali and Kavre districts. Each sample out of 55 meat samples (muscles and liver) of poultry-41, goat-12, buffalo-9 and pig-4 from Kailali and Kavre was tested for different groups of antibiotic residues separately. The antibiotics tested were Penicillin, Tetracycline, Aminoglycosides, Macrolides and Sulfonamides. Samples were preserved at -84˚C in the deep freezer after collecting in sterile plastic pouch. Rapid test kit (78.9% sensitivity and 96.7% specificity) of G9 Co. Ltd., Thailand was used to detect residues in the samples. The protocol of kit was followed for the test. The overall prevalence of antibiotic residues in meat was around 22%. Meat samples exceeding the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) were 6. Liver was found with higher number of residues than muscles. The organ and location wise prevalence of residue was found statistically significant at p<0.05. The samples contained alarmingly high level of antibiotic residues which is because of neglecting the withdrawal period. The prescription of antibiotic is not prudent. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(3): 386-389

scholarly journals Tempat Penampungan Air dan Kepadatan Jentik Aedes sp. di Daerah Endemis dan Bebas Demam Berdarah Dengue

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Wanti Wanti ◽  
Menofeltus Darman
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Container ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Free Area ◽  
Larvae Density

Tingkat kepadatan jentik merupakan indikasi diketahuinya kepadatan nyamuk Aedes sp yang akan menularkan virus dengue sebagai penyebab penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) dan juga sebagai salah satu indikator keberhasilan kegiatan pengendalian vektor. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik tempat penampungan air (TPA) dan perbedaan kepadatan jentik House Index, Container Index, Breatau Index (HI, CI, BI) di Kelurahan Alak sebagai daerah endemis dan Kelurahan Belo sebagai daerah bebas DBD di Kota Kupang Tahun 2011. Penelitian observasional analitik ini menggunakan rancangan studi potong lintang. Variabel penelitian adalah jenis, kondisi, letak, bahan TPA dan kepadatan jentik Aedes sp. Data dikumpulkan dengan observasi langsung pada TPA dan rumah terpilih. Data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel kemudian dianalisis dengan uji-t. Penelitian ini menemukan TPA positif jentik paling banyak adalah TPA untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari, kondisi TPA tidak tertutup rapat, letak TPA di luar rumah, bahan TPA adalah bahan keramik, dan warna TPA adalah warna putih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai dari HI 0,887, CI 0,146 dan BI 0,080, yang artinya tidak ada perbedaan kepadatan jentik antara Kelurahan Alak (daerah endemis) dengan Kelurahan Belo (daerah bebas). Disimpulkan tidak ada perbedaan kepadatan jentik (HI, CI, dan BI) antara daerah endemis dan daerah bebas DBD. Kedua daerah sama-sama memiliki tingkat kepadatan jentik yang tinggi, sehingga disarankan pemberantasan sarang nyamuk tidak hanya diprioritaskan pada daerah endemis DBD tetapi juga daerah daerah bebas DBD. Water Container and the Aedes sp. Larvae Density in Endemic and Free Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever The larva density is an indication of the density of Aedes sp known to be capable of transmitting the dengue virus as the cause of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and also as one of the indicators of the success of vector control activities. This study aimed to determine the difference of the water container container characteristics and the larvae density (HI, CI, BI) in Alak village as an endemic area and in Belo Village as a free area of dengue in Kupang Municipality. This analytic observational study using cross sectional study design. Observed variables were the type, the condition, the location, the material of water container and also the larvae density. Data collected by direct observation in water container and house. Data presented in tables were analyzed by t-test. This study found positive larvae at most container is for everyday need, on not sealed condition, in outside the home, and in a ceramic material. The study also found the value of HI is 0.887, CI is 0.146 and BI is 0.080. It means that larvae density between Alak and Belo Village is not different. The conclusion is that there is no difference in the larvae density (HI, CI, and BI) between endemic area and free area of DHF. The two regions have the same high level of larvae density, so it is advisable that mosquito eradication is not only priority in endemic areas but also in dengue-free areas. 

scholarly journals Filariasis Limfatik di Kelurahan Pabean Kota Pekalongan

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Tri Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Disease Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Clinical Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Filariasis limfatik masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, khususnya di Kota Pekalongan. Hal ini ditandai dengan semakin meningkatnya angka mikrofilaria dan perluasan daerah dengan kasus filariasis limfatik.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui situasi filariasis limfatik diKelurahan Pabean Kota Pekalongan. Penelitian ini meliputi penduduk dan agent, dalam periode sekitar enam bulan (Juli-Desember 2007) dengan disain studi cross sectional. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pemeriksaan klinis, survei darah jari dan identifikasi parasit penyebab filariasis limfatik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan angka mikrofilaria (3,4) angka kesakitan akut filaria (0,4 %) yang tinggi, tetapi angka kesakitan kronis filaria rendah (0,00 %). Parasit penyebabfilariasis di Kelurahan Pabean adalah jenis Wuchereria bancrofti dengan kepadatan rerata mikrofilaria yang tinggi. Pengendalian filariasis limfatik di Kelurahan Pabean perlu dilakukan dengan pengobatan massal dan perubahan perilaku masyarakat.Kata kunci : Filariasis limfatik, kelurahan pabean, mikrofilaria.AbstractLymphatic filariasis is still being a public health problem in Indonesia, especially in Pekalongan district. This problem marked by the increasing rate of microfilaria and areas with lymphatic filariasis. The aim of this study is to know the epidemiologic situation of lymphatic filariasis in Pabean village Pekalongan district. The research was a cross-sectional design and covered host and agent within the period of July-Desember 2007. Data were collected through clinical survey of acute and chronic filariasis symptoms, blood survey and identification of lymphatic filariasis parasite. The result showed that microfilaremia rate was 3,4%, acute disease rate (ADR) 0,4 % and the chronic disease rate (CDR) 0,00 %. The average of microfilaria density in 1 ml blood was 465,63. Based onmicrofilaremia identification in the blood, the lymphatic filariasis agent in Pabean village is Wuchereria bancrofti type. Lymphatic filariasis control in Pabean village need to focused on Mass Drug Administration (MDA) and community behavior for healthy life.Key words : Lymphatic filariasis, pabean village, microfilaria.

scholarly journals Assessment of the usefulness of anti-Wb123 antibody for post-elimination surveillance of lymphatic filariasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameyo Monique Dorkenoo ◽  
Adjaho Koba ◽  
Wemboo A. Halatoko ◽  
Minongblon Teko ◽  
Komlan Kossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Endemic District

Abstract Background The World Health Organization has targeted lymphatic filariasis (LF) for elimination as a public health problem and recommends, among other measures, post-elimination surveillance of LF. The identification of sensitive and specific surveillance tools is therefore a research priority. The Wuchereria bancrofti-specific antigen Wb123-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Wb123 ELISA) detects antibodies to the recombinant Wb123 antigen of W. bancrofti and may be useful as a surveillance tool for LF. Six years after stopping mass drug administration to eliminate LF and recording successful results on two post-treatment transmission assessment surveys, a study was conducted in Togo aimed at helping to identify the role of the Wb123 ELISA in post-validation surveillance of LF. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in eight previously LF-endemic districts and one non-endemic district in Togo. In each sub-district of these nine districts, two schools were selected and 15 children aged 6 to 9 years old at each school provided finger-stick blood for testing for antibodies to Wb123 using the Filaria Detect™ IgG4 ELISA kit® (InBios, International, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA). Results A total of 2654 children aged 6 to 9 years old were tested in 134 schools in the nine districts. Overall, 4.7% (126/2654) children tested positive for antibodies to the Wb123 antigen of W. bancrofti. The prevalence of Wb123 antibodies varied across the eight previously endemic LF districts, from 1.56 to 6.62%. The highest prevalence, 6.99%, was found in the non-endemic district, but this was not significantly different from the average of all the LF districts (4.49%, P = 0.062). Conclusions The Wb123 ELISA was positive in 4.7% of Togolese school-age children who were almost certainly unexposed to LF. This apparent lack of specificity in the Togo context makes it difficult to establish a seroprevalence threshold that could serve to signal LF resurgence in the country, precluding the use of this test for post-validation surveillance in Togo. There remains a need to develop a useful and reliable test for post-elimination surveillance for LF in humans.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of mosquitoes and Mansonia uniformis as a potential vector of Wuchereria bancrofti in Hulu Sungai Utara District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2815-2821
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rasyid Ridha ◽  
Nita Rahayu ◽  
Budi Hairani ◽  
Dian Perwitasari ◽  
Harninda Kusumaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Infectivity Rate ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Mansonia Uniformis

Background and Aim: Lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, still remains a problem in Indonesia. The primary causative species of this disease are the filarial worms Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia spp. This study was conducted to identify the diversity of species and behavior of mosquitoes and to determine the mosquitoes that could be potential vectors of filariasis. Materials and Methods: Mosquito samples derived from Hulu Sungai Utara (HSU) district in the 2017 multicenter study conducted in Indonesia were used in this cross-sectional study. The diversity of mosquito species was analyzed using the Shannon–Wiener diversity index. Mosquitoes were identified based on their species, and their DNA was isolated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Transcription-insulated isothermal PCR method was used to detect microfilariae/filaria larvae in the mosquitoes. Results: Biodiversity was found in 14 species of mosquitoes belonging to five genera. The maximum number of mosquitoes was recorded from the species Mansonia dives, Culex vishnui, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Mansonia uniformis. W. bancrofti infection was detected in M. uniformis at an infectivity rate of 0.3% (n=311). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of M. uniformis species as a vector of W. bancrofti in HSU district, Indonesia. More efficient and accurate studies are required to aid in the lymphatic filariasis elimination programs in this subregion.

scholarly journals Prevalensi Wuchereria bancrofti Paska Pemberian Obat Pencegahan Massal Filariasis Limfatik di Wilayah Endemis Rendah Kota Pekalongan

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Mara Ipa ◽  
Eksi Wijayanti ◽  
Hipokrates Hipokrates ◽  
Endang Puji Astuti ◽  
Yuneu Yuliasih
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
P Value ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Pekalongan district has completed mass drug administration (MDA) of lymphatic filariasis (LF) for two rounds but still remains positive for microfilariae (Mf rate) > 1%. This study aimed was to assess the prevalence of Wuchereria bancrofti and its association with sociodemographic among the adult community to the incidence of lymphatic filariasis. This study is an analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The prevalence of W. bancrofti was detected by the presence of circulating filarial antigen (CFA) using a filarial test strip (FTS). The study population consisted of an adult group living in ten villages in the Pekalongan district's low-endemic region, with 1804 samples collected from 72 clusters. Statistical analysis was performed to test the difference between variables. There were 13 (0.72%) positive W. bancrofti antigen samples out of 1804 total samples. Males were found to be infected at a higher rate than females (61.5%). The age of subjects infected with W. bancrofti was dominated in the range of 13-50 years as many as 9 people (69.2%). The proportion of positive CFA in Medono village with the highest proportion was 6 people (2.7%). There was no statistically significant difference between gender and age with LF cases, but it is significantly different by sub-district (p-value = 0.041). LF transmission occurred in border areas between high and low endemic LF areas. MDA implementation must be constantly supervised in required to address the elimination target.

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