Improving Biological Reefing Viability Index as a Predictive Tool for Assessment of Potential Reefing Site in the Tropical Shallow Offshore Environment

The current study improved the predictive capability of the biological reefing viability index (BRVI) calibrated using local data. The prediction capability of the BRVI improved from 61% to 76% accuracy out of the 181 locations where the underwater videos available for verification. The BRVI includes corals larvae density, age of larvae at site, sea current, sea temperature, chlorophyll-a, water depth and sediment type to predict biological productivity of an area. Among the parameters, corals larvae density and age of the larvae are the most critical parameters that influent establishment of new biological ecosystem. The BRVI uses settlement of corals larvae as the precursors for the establishment of new habitats in the offshore environment because scleractinian corals is known to be able to form backbone of a new habitat in the environment. In this approach, the BRVI focuses on habitat creation instead of just being a fish aggregating device (FAD) when an artificial reef is deployed in an area. The BRVI can be used as a rapid screening tool to identified potential area for deployment of artificial reefs. The BRVI could reduce the chances of artificial reefs deployment that failed to address its objectives and intended outcomes.

Outbreaks of a new invasive pest, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in South Sumatra, Indonesia

Spodoptera frugiperda is polyphagous besides attacking maize, it can attack other plant species from various families. Information about the attack and population of S. frugiperda in various maize production centers in Indonesia is still limited. This study aimed to find out the population and attack of S. frugiperda in South Sumatra. Surveys were carried out from the lowlands to the highlands of South Sumatra, such as Palembang City, Pagar Alam City, Lahat City, Ogan Ilir District, Prabumulih City, Muara Enim District, Banyuasin District. The mean percentage severity of S. frugiperda in South Sumatra reached 34.75%, and its percentage of mean incidence reached 78%. The highest larvae density was found in Pagaralam City with an average of 0.29 larvae/100 plants, while the lowest was found in Muara Enim District (0.08 larvae/100 plants). The population density of larvae began to occur at the age of 3 to 5 weeks, after that the larvae were not found in maize fields. We found that outbreaks of S. frugiperda have occured in the South Sumatra.

Effect of Petroleum Products on the Larvicidal Activity of Aedes Mosquitoes in Ika North-East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria

Aims: The recent yellow fever outbreak in Delta State, especially in Ika North East local government, triggered the need for this study. Background: Diseases caused by Aedes are by far raising serious concerns in the world. Objective: To evaluate the larvicidal activity on the use of petroleum products in the control of Aedes mosquitoes. Methods: Mosquito species were collected using 350ml deep ladle and identified in the field using their resting positions in their local habitats. Larvae and pupae were separately exposed to 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02%ml of kerosene and petrol in single and mixed forms. The experimental sets were triplicated. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and Turkey’s test to compare mortality, and time of mortality. LC50 and LC95 were computed using Probit analysis. Results: Results revealed that all concentrations of treatment caused complete mortality in larvae except in 0.005%ml and 0.01%ml of kerosene alone and kerosene and petrol mixture at 50 minutes of exposure. All concentrations of treatment equally caused complete mortality in pupae except in 0.005%ml of kerosene (Mean= 10.00) at 30 minutes. The differences between mortality and time mortality records were significant (p< 0.05). Kerosene and petrol mixture and kerosene alone had the lower LC50 and LC95 0.0021 and 0.0088ml respectively in the larvae group. Kerosene and petrol mixture had lower LC50 and LC95 0.0037 and 0.0050, respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, scaling up this intervention on a large scale in endemic areas would reduce larvae density and disease outbreaks.

ANALYSIS OF Aedes spp. LARVAE DENSITY IN THE TRADITIONAL MARKET TALLO DISTRICT MAKASSAR CITY

This study aims to determine the density of Aedes spp. larvae at the traditional market, Tallo District, Makassar City. This research is a type of descriptive research that describes the density of Aedes spp. larvae by conducting a limited characterization of the area which is the object of research. This research was conducted by taking samples of larvae in traditional markets in Tallo District, Makassar City and identifying samples at the Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University. The results showed that the larvae index obtained in the three traditional markets was included in the category of moderate risk of transmission because it was on a scale of 4 to 5, namely the CI value = 20.45% in Cidu Market, in Pannampu Market the CI value = 20.41% and the value of CI = 20.41%. CI = 11.11% in Paotere Fish Market. In conclusion, Aedes spp. was found living and breeding in the three traditional markets in Tallo District, Makassar City

Indeks Maya dan Indeks Entomologi Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kabupaten Mamuju Tengah, Sulawesi Barat

The existence of containers as a potential habitat breeding places for mosquitoes in the community can affect the population density of Aedes. The maya index is an indicator to measure the number of containers that can be a breeding places for mosquitoes. This study aims to determine maya index and entomology index in Central Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi Province. This study was an observational study conducted in 2015 in three sub-districts (Topoyo, Tappilina, and Karossa) in Central Mamuju Regency. Data collection through structured interviews with household heads in 100 randomly selected houses using the closest house method and measuring larvae density using the single larva method. The results showed that the Breeding Risk Index (BRI) for the three sub-districts in Central Mamuju Regency are mostly in the medium category, while Hygiene Risk Index (HRI) and Maya Index (MI) are in a low category. Based on House Index (HI) and Container Index (CI) indicators means have a moderate risk of transmission Dengue.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices towards the Density of Aedes Larvae in a Tourist Destination in Bali

Introduction: The lack of information can affect the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices for dengue control. The purpose of this study was to measure knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with the larvae density of Aedes sp. Study Design: This study used a cross-sectional design by sampling as many as 250 households. Data measurements were carried out quantitatively using questionnaires and direct observation. Results: The variable knowledge, attitudes, practices, family income, and door-to-door health promotion associated with Aedes larvae density. People who eradicated mosquito breeding sites were mothers (74.4%), draining mosquito breeding sites routinely once a week (43%). The media favored direct counseling (53%), television as much as (34%). The preferred electronic media was interactive interviews (78.8%). The Aedes sp entomology survey results were house index (HI): 31.2%, container index (CI): 20.4%, and breteau index (BI): 103.6%. Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude, practice, family income, and door-to-door health promotion variables were associated with the density of Aedes larvae. Education programs in the community could increase awareness of controlling dengue vectors.

Density of Aedes Aegypti Larvae Based on The Knowledge, Attitude and Action of The Manager and the Conversion in Al-Markaz Al-Islami Mosque, Makassar City

Purpose: This study aims to determine the density of Aedes aegypti larvae based on the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of the managers and congregants of the Al-Markas Al-Islami Mosque in Makassar City. Methods: This type of research is descriptive observational. There are two types of samples in this study, namely the sample of the management and congregation of the Al-Markaz Al-Islami Mosque in Makassar City and the sample of containers. For container samples as many as 165 containers. Data analysis using univariate analysis. The assessment of larvae density used the Container Index (CI) and Density Figure (DF) values. Results: The results of the analysis showed that the number of positive containers larvae was 41 containers with a CI value of 24.85% and a DF value of 6 in the high density category. Two categories were used to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and actions of the respondents, namely the good category and the unfavorable category. The results of data analysis showed that 19 (54.3%) respondents had good knowledge and 16 (45.7%) respondents had poor knowledge, 21 (60%) respondents had good attitudes and 14 (40%) respondents had good attitudes. unfavorable, as many as 18 (51.4%) respondents had good actions and 17 (48.6%) respondents had unfavorable actions. It is advisable to do counseling about the dangers of dengue disease and health training related to efforts to eradicate mosquito nests. Conclusion: The density of Aedes aegypti larvae in containers at the Al-Markaz Al-Islami Mosque in Makassar City and the congregation's house is in the high density category.

Gerakan Satu Rumah Satu Jumantik (SARUJU) di Kampung Pelita Medika Ii Buluh Cina Kabupaten Kampar

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a very serious health problem, especially in Indonesia. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is caused by the Dengue Virus transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito vector as the actual vector and Aedes albopictus as the potential vector. Various efforts have been implemented but the incidence of dengue is still high. One of the spearheads in eradicating DHF is to break the chain of transmission through the Mosquito Nest Eradication program. To support the PSN program, Jumantik Monitors are formed in each village. However, due to limited resources, monitoring by jumantik has not been entirely successful. Based on this, it is necessary to consider the effectiveness of the implementation of this jumantik through the SARUJU program, namely the one jumantik per house program. Jumantik was a medical student at the University of Riau who became a foster child in village namely Pelita Medika Buluh Cina Village. Jumantik has the duty to monitor the existence and density of larvae, implement PSN and appoint a second jumantik who is a member of the original family. Through the first stage larvae survey, there was a high rate of larvae density. Through Saruju activities, it is expected that a decrease in larvae density will reduce the incidence of DHF. Keywords: Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Saruju, JumantikAbstrak. Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sangat serius, terutama di Indonesia. Demam berdarah dengue disebabkan oleh Virus Dengue dengan perantaraan vektor nyamuk Aedes aegypti sebagai vektor aktual dan Aedes albopictus sebagai vektor potensial. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan pemerintah melalui program yang telah dilaksanakan, namum kejadian DBD masih tetap tinggi. Salah satu ujung tombak pemberantasan DBD adalah dengan memutus rantai penularan melalui program Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN). Namun demikian program tersebut tidak dilaksanakan secara efektif pada berbagai lapisan masyarakat. Untuk menunjang program PSN dibentuklah Juru Pemantau Jentik (Jumantik) pada tiap kelurahan. Namun demikian karena keterbatasan sumber daya menyebabkan pemantauan oleh jumantik tidak berhasil Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu dipikirkan efektifitas pelaksanaan jumantik ini melalui gerakan SARUJU yaitu gerakan satu rumah satu jumantik. Jumantik berasal dari mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran UNRI yang merupakan anak asuh dari Desa Binaan Kampung Pelita Medika II Buluh Cina. Jumantik berkewajiban memantau keberadaan dan kepadatan jentik di rumahnya, melaksanakan PSN, serta menunjuk dan mengedukasi jumantik kedua yang merupakan anggota keluarga asli. Berdasarkan survey jentik didapatkan kepadatan jentik yang tinggi di daerah tersebut. Melalui kegiatan saruju diharapkan kejadian DBD di daerah tersebut dapat ditekan.Kata kunci: Demam berdarah dengue, Saruju, Jumantik

GAMBARAN INDEKS LARVA AEDES AEGYPTI DI BUFFER WILAYAH KERJA BANDARA SEPINGGAN BALIKPAPAN

ABSTRACT : The House index and Container Index in the buffer area of ​​the working area of ​​Balikpapan Sepinggan Airport is still above 1%, so the potential for the spread of dengue disease. Mobilization of people, goods and transportation equipment will increasingly affect the transmission of disease in ports and airports, especially for vector-borne diseases. This study aims to analyze the risk factors associated with larvae density of Aedes aegypti and describe the larvae index in the buffer zone of the Sepinggan Balikpapan Airport This study was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The sample in this study was 121 houses with a proportionate stratified random sampling, the research location was in the buffer zone of Sepinggan Balikpapan Airport in November 2018. The variables studied were houses with positive larvae containers, breeding sites and PSN behavior and larvasidation. The data was analyzed using the chi square test. There was a relationship between houses with larvae positive Aedes aegypti, behavior of Mosquito Nest Eradication (PSN) and larvasidation with larvae density of Aedes aegypti but not for breeding sites (p = 0.00 and 95% CI = 0.64), and (p = 0.00 and 95% CI = 0.34). The description of several Aedes aegypti larvae index, namely House Index (HI) = 57.02%, Container Index (CI) = 24.36%, Bruteau Index (BI) = 148.76, and Flick Free Numbers (ABJ) = 42.98 %. Houses with larvae of Aedes aegypti larvae and PSN and larvasidation behavior were associated with larvae density of Aedes aegypti. The index of HI, CI and BI larvae is of high value so there is a risk of DBD transmission