scholarly journals Spectrum of morbid anatomy of liver in autopsy cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2008
Author(s):  
Sant P. Kataria ◽  
Narender Singh ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Mamta . ◽  
Vijaypal Khanagwal
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Venous Congestion ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Secondary Neoplasm ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Purpose of autopsy is to learn the truth about the person’s health during and how the person died. Thus, autopsy study provides valuable information about the disease. The main aim of the study was to know the spectrum of morbid anatomical changes in liver autopsy.Methods: A prospective study was carried out on 100 liver specimens of autopsy cases comprising of 37 cases of roadside accidents, 17 of poisoning, 13 of burns, 10 of chronic illness, 7 each of hanging and head injury, 4 of myocardial infarction and 5 of death due to miscellaneous causes. Representative microsections of liver were evaluated for histopathological parameters like congestion, ballooning degeneration, hepatocellular necrosis, sinusoidal dilation, fatty change, bile stasis, fibrosis, lobular inflammation and portal inflammation.Results: Out of total 100 cases, 77 were males and 23 females. Male to female ratio was 3.34:1. Hepatomegaly was seen in 15% of cases. Chronic venous congestion was the main histopathological diagnosis seen in 61% of the cases followed by chronic hepatitis in 12%, normal liver histology in 9%, hepatic steatosis and cirrhosis in 6%, granulomatous hepatitis in 2%, and sinusoidal congestion, portal triaditis and secondary neoplasm in 1% each.Conclusions: Chronic venous congestion, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatic steatosis were the common liver diseases identified. Autopsy study is useful to monitor the cause of death and to plan medical strategy. Histopathological examination of the liver is specialized learning tool to study the various diseases of liver which is a great value in improving the diagnosis.

Histopathological Study of Lesions of the Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses and Nasopharynx in a Tertiary Care Centre, Visakhapatnam over a Period of 2 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 3054-3059
Author(s):  
Rajendra Prasad Jagannadham ◽  
Lakshmi Latchupatula ◽  
Sravani Ponnada ◽  
Neelima Lalam ◽  
Raghunadhababu Gudipudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Predominance

BACKGROUND A variety of non - neoplastic and neoplastic conditions involve the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx and these are very common lesions encountered in clinical practice. Histopathological examination of these lesions is the gold standard for diagnosis because management and prognosis vary among different lesions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the histopathological study of the lesions of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx in relation to their incidence, age, gender and site wise distribution and to compare the results with the available data. METHODS A study of 88 cases was conducted for a period of 2 years from August 2017 to July 2019. After fixation, Processing and Haematoxylin and Eosin staining and special stains histopathological diagnosis was made. RESULTS Among 88 total cases, 58 were males and 30 were females. A male predominance was observed with a male to female ratio of 1.93 : 1. They were more common in third, fourth and fifth decade of life. Malignant nasal lesions were seen after fourth decade of life. Nasal lesions were more common in nasal cavity (67.05 %), followed by paranasal sinuses (18.18 %) and nasopharynx (14.75). Out of 88 total cases, 39 (44.32 %) were non - neoplastic, 30 (34.09 %) were benign and 19 (21.59 %) were malignant nasal lesions. CONCLUSIONS Sinonasal lesions and nasopharyngeal lesions can have various differential diagnoses. A complete clinical, radiological and histopathological correlation helps to categorize these sinonasal lesions into various non - neoplastic and neoplastic types. But histopathological examination remains the mainstay of definitive diagnosis. KEYWORDS Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses, Nasopharynx, Benign Tumours, Malignant Tumours, Histopathological Examination

scholarly journals Clinicopathological study of leiomyomas in hysterectomy specimens

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manpreet Kaur ◽  
Rajiv Kamal Gupta ◽  
Simrat Jit Kaur ◽  
Panchampreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Common Complaint ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Leiomyomas are benign tumors of smooth muscle cells commonly encountered in women of reproductive age group. Aim of this study was to conduct a histopathological study of leiomyomas in hysterectomy specimens and to correlate them with clinical findings.Methods: A prospective study was done on 130 hysterectomy specimens clinically diagnosed as leiomyoma. The specimens were subjected to histopathological examination.Results: In this study, the most common age group was 31-50 years (87.69%). Most common complaint was menorrhagia (51.54%). In endometrium, the most common histopathological diagnosis was proliferative phase (46.15%) followed by endometrial hyperplasia (19.23%). The most common secondary change was hyalinization and the most common site was intramural (62.9%).Conclusions: Hysterectomy is a commonly performed procedure in the management of uterine leiomyomas. The ultimate diagnosis and prognosis depends on the histopathological examination; therefore, every operated specimen must be subjected to histopathology. 

scholarly journals The role of immunohistochemistry for diagnosing undifferentiated malignancy in the head and neck region

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sowkat Hossain ◽  
S M Mahbubul Alam ◽  
Sk Md Jaynul Islam ◽  
Wasim Selimul Haque ◽  
Shamoli Yasmin
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Head And Neck Region

Background: Undifferentiated tumours in the head and neck region are not uncommon. They can arise from different sites like in mucosa as well as in salivary glands, soft tissues or lymph nodes. Histopathological examination plays a central role in the diagnosis but difficulties arise with some tumours which are poorlydifferentiated due to their high inter- and intra-observer variability. In those cases, immunohistochemistry has greatly assisted to diagnose the tumours that cannot be accurately identified using routine histopathological procedures. The correct histopathological diagnosis is essential especially in case of malignant tumourwhere subsequent specific therapy is required. The aim of this study was to determine the role of immunohistochemistry for diagnosing undifferentiated malignancy in the head and neck region. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during July 2014 to June 2015. A total of 35 Bangladeshi patient’s specimens of head and neck swelling were collected from two renowned laboratories in Dhaka city.These cases were diagnosed as undifferentiated tumour in histopathological examination.Standard protocol was followed for immunohistochemistry.Then primary immunohistochemical panel which included the markers for Epithelial CK (AE1/AE3),mesenchymal marker (Vimentin) and lymphoid marker (LCA) were used.The cases which were not resolved by primary immunohistochemistry panel, the second panel was applied for further sub classification (Desmin, Chromogranin, CK20, CEA, CD20, CD30, HMB45, NSE). Based on interpretation of immunohistochemical findings final diagnoses were made.Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows version 22.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results: A total of 35 undifferentiated tumorsof head-neck region were studied.The mean age was 46.3±17.6 years and male to female ratio was 4.8:1. The majority 13 (37.1%) patient had cervical lymphadenopathy, 11 (31.4%) had neck mass and 4(11.4%) had in nasal/sinonasal mass.Regarding histopathologicalcell types, round cell was 21 (60.0%), spindle cell 6 (17.1%), pleomorphic cells 6(17.1%) and epithelioid cells 2(5.7%). In initial histopathological examination, majority 25(71.4%) were undifferentiated malignant neoplasm, 8(22.8%) were metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma, 1(2.9%) was pleomorphic sarcoma and the remaining 1(2.9%) had malignant adnexal tumour. By application of immunohistochemistry, most (33, 94.3%) of the cases were resolved and the two cases remained unresolved. Among the resolved cases majority (15, 45.5%) were lymphoma, 4(12.1%) were metastatic carcinoma, 3(9.1%) were Ewing’s sarcoma and malignant melanoma were found in 3(9.1%) cases. Conclusion: This study supports that the immunohistochemical technique has a fundamental role in the investigation of undifferentiated tumour origin, to determine the correct guidance for treatment and improving the prognosis for head and neck tumour patients. Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 48-53

scholarly journals Study of glottic lesions in patients undergoing microlaryngeal surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Vikrant Mittal ◽  
Manish Munjal ◽  
Rohit Verma ◽  
Parth Chopra ◽  
Hemant Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Histopathological Correlation ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Vocal Nodules ◽  
Microlaryngeal Surgery

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Vocal cords are the most common site of laryngeal pathologies. Hoarseness is the sentinel symptom for lesions affecting the glottis. The aim of this study was to categorize various types of lesions affecting the glottis in patients undergoing microlaryngeal surgery. Patients’ demographic profile, gender, occupational factors were studied. Clinical, microlaryngeal and histopathological correlation of the lesions was done.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 50 patients with glottic pathologies undergoing microlaryngeal surgery were included. Patients underwent detailed examination including indirect laryngoscopy, flexible fibreoptic laryngoscopy, followed by microscopic laryngeal examination under general anaesthesia. The lesions were excised using standard microlaryngeal instruments and the specimens were subjected to histopathological examination. The data was analysed.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There was male preponderance (male: female ratio of 1.27:1). Housewives formed the largest group (28%). Commonest pathologies were vocal nodules (34%), vocal polyps (22%) and carcinoma (22%). Microlaryngoscopy was found to be the best means of visualizing the lesions and reaching a clinical diagnosis. In 10 (20%) patients, the final histopathological diagnosis was different from clinical diagnosis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In this study, vocal nodules were the commonest lesions to affect the glottis. Microlaryngoscopy proved to be the best method for examination. Also, there was discrepancy in the clinical and histopathological diagnosis in 20% cases.</p>

scholarly journals A prospective study and correlation of cytological, cell-block and histopathological diagnosis of breast lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-358
Author(s):  
Ankita Paul ◽  
Sowmya S Manjunath
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cell Block ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Palpable Breast ◽  
A Prospective Study

Breast carcinoma is the second most common cancer in the world and establishing an early diagnosis is clinically very important. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the fast, reliable and ideal initial diagnostic modality for the diagnosis of these lesions. This is a cross-sectional prospective study of 12 months duration. A total of 160 patients underwent FNAC of palpable breast lump/lumps. A cell-block preparation was done for 80 cases and the histopathological examination has been performed on all the 160 cases.The cytomorphological diagnosis, cell-block diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis were correlated using suitable statistical methods. Out of 160 patients, on cytological examination, 107 cases (67%) were benign and 53cases (33%) were malignant. On histopathological examination, 104 cases (65%) were benign and 56 cases (35%) were malignant. On examination of cell block, two cases which were indeterminate in FNAC turned out to be malignant. FNAC plays a main diagnostic role as an out-patient procedure which gives rapid diagnosis. FNAC when combined with cell-block can give more accurate diagnosis.

scholarly journals Accuracy Of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) In The Diagnosis Of Thyroid Swellings

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Alamgir Hossain Sikder ◽  
AZM Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Md Abul Khair
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in comparison to paraffin section in thyroid swelling. Study design: Cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from July 2009 to June 2011. Patient and method: One hundred patients with enlarged thyroid gland of both sexes were selected from admitted patient of Surgery department. All patients had preoperative FNAC, performed by pathologist at the Histopathology department and postoperative specimen were also examined and histopathological diagnosis were made. All FNAC diagnosis were correlated with the histopathological diagnosis. Results: Out of 100 patients 23 were male and 77 were female, male-female ratio 1: 3.3. In FNAC 76 patients were diagnosed as benign lesion of which 8 were later diagnosed as malignant on histopathological examination (68 were true negative 8 were false negative). 22 cases were diagnosed as malignant, both on FNAC and histopathological examination. Only 2 cases were diagnosed as follicular neoplasm on FNAC but on histopathological examination diagnosed as follicular carcinoma (22 cases were true positive) in this study. Overall sensitivity of FNAC were 68.75%, specificity 100.00% and accuracy 90%; PPV=100% & NPV=87.18% Conclusion: FNAC is a reliable, safe and accurate method as a preoperative evaluation in thyroid gland swelling before surgery. FNAC has more accuracy and specificity in detecting thyroid gland malignancy and therefore it is a reliable diagnostic test for evaluating thyroid swellings. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdnmch.v18i2.16023 J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2012; 18 (02): 47-51

scholarly journals Evaluation of neck swelling by cytological and histopathological examination

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Md Mahmudul Huq ◽  
Mohammad Idrish Ali ◽  
SM Nazmul Huque ◽  
KM Nurul Alam ◽  
Md Abdus Sattar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Metastatic Carcinoma ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Neck Swelling ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College

Objective: In this study 50 patients of neck swelling were studied to compare the findings with clinical diagnosis and histopathological report for its diagnostic reliability.Methods: This cross sectional study was done in ENT Department of Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barisal, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from July 2006 to December 2006. Fine needle aspiration cytology, MRI, CT scan, and histopathological examination of postoperative specimen of neck swelling, analyzed data presented by various tables, graphs and figures.Results: In the present series 50 cases of neck swelling were studied. Out of these 50 cases 19 were male and 31 were female. The male, female ratio was 1:1.63. Age range was 4 – 60 years with maximum frequency in the 4th decade with the 3rd and 2nd in the following suit. Most of the patient was poor. Clinical, cytological and histopathological diagnosis was available in all the cases. The three sorts of diagnoses were compared with each other. Histopathologically 12 cases were tubercular lymphadenopathy, 12 cases were nodular goiter, 5 cases were Metastatic carcinoma, 5 were thyroid carcinoma and another 5 cases were lymphoma, Rest were benign, congenital and nonspecific inflammatory conditions. Correct diagnosis was made by FNAC in 45 cases. In the rest 5 cases smear were unsatisfactory in 2 cases and gives inconclusive result, remaining 3 were follicular neoplasmand no definitive result were made which were subsequently diagnosed by histopathological examination as a follicular adenoma in 1 and follicular carcinoma in 2. Sensitivity of FNAC in the diagnosis of neck masses were found 91% for tuberculosis, 100% for metastatic carcinoma and also for salivary gland tumour. In case of nodular goiter sensitivity was 92%. But it is only 60% sensitive in case of thyroid malignancy, as FNAC can not demarcate clearly between follicular adenoma and follicular cell carcinoma. But its accuracy in diagnosing papillary carcinoma of thyroid was 100%.Conclusion: FNAC can reduce substantially the need of open biopsy for histopathological examination. Accuracy of FNAC will be improved with relevant information provided by clinicians.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i1.10410  Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(1): 23-29

scholarly journals Pigmented Lesions of Skin: A Histopathologic Experience at a Tertiary Care Center in Central Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Binita Goyal ◽  
Suman Rai ◽  
Mamata Sedhain ◽  
Pratigya Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Pigmented Lesions ◽  
Pigmented Skin Lesions

Introduction Pigmented skin lesions refer to lesions that are brown, black or blue in color. These are not always melanocytic in origin. Keratinocytic, vascular or reactive pigmentation in other lesions can also appear pigmented. The main aim of the study was to see the histopathological spectrum and objective was to compare clinical and histopathological diagnoses in pigmented skin lesions. Methods This descriptive study was carried out on 43 pigmented skin lesions that were biopsied over a 1 and half year period from Jan 2018 to June 2019 in College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital. Results Age of the patient ranged from 10 to 88 years and mean±SD was 42.02±19.73 years. There were 21 (48.8%) males and 22 (51.2%) females with a male female ratio 0.9:1. Melanocytic nevus was the most common histopathological diagnosis (11 cases, 25.6%). Reactive pigmentation was seen in 20 (46.5%) cases. Malignant cases comprised 6 (14.0%) cases which included 2 (4.7%) cases of melanoma, 2 (4.7%) cases of pigmented basal cell carcinoma and 1 (2.3%) case each of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and trichoblastic carcinoma each. Clinicopathological agreement could be seen in 32 (74.4%) cases. However, malignancy was clinically suspected in only half of histologically diagnosed cases. Conclusions Melanocytic nevi were the most common pigmented lesions diagnosed. Not all pigmented lesions are melanocytic in origin. Malignant tumors can sometimes appear deceptively benign and also tumors other than melanoma can be pigmented. Hence, histopathological examination remains the gold standard in diagnosing these conditions and guiding appropriate management. Keywords: melanocytic; melanoma; nevus; pigmented.  

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Neck Swelling by Clinical, Cytological and Histopathological Examination

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Mohammad Idrish Ali ◽  
Md Mahmudul Huq ◽  
Momenul Haque ◽  
Kamrul Hasan Tarafder
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Metastatic Carcinoma ◽  
Follicular Neoplasm ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Neck Swelling ◽  
Female Ratio

Objective: In this study 50 patients of neck swelling were studied to compare the findings with clinical diagnosis and histopathological report for its diagnostic compatibility. Methods: This cross sectional study was done in Department of Otolaryngology –Head & Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from July 2015 to June 2017. Fine needle aspiration cytology, MRI, CT scan, and histopathological examination of postoperative specimen of neck swelling, analyzed data presented by various tables, graphs and figures. Results:In the present series 50 cases of neck swelling were studied. Out of these 50 cases 19 were male and 31 were female. The male, female ratio was 1:1.63. Age range was 4 – 60 years with maximum frequency in the 4th decade with the 3rd and 2nd in the following suit. Most of the patient were poor. Clinical, cytological and histopathological diagnosis were available in all the cases. The three sorts of diagnoses were compared with each other. Histopathologically 12 cases were tubercular lymphadenopathy. Metastatic carcinoma and lymphoma 5 cases for each. Twelve were nodular goiter, 5 were thyroid carcinoma. Rest were benign, congenital and nonspecific inflammatory conditions. Correct diagnosis were made by FNAC in 45 cases. In the rest 5 cases smear were unsatisfactory in 2 cases and gives inconclusive result, remaining 3 were follicular neoplasm and no definitive result were made which were subsequently diagnosed by histopathological examination as a follicular adenoma in 1 and follicular carcinoma in 2. Sensitivity of FNAC in the diagnosis of neck masses were found 91% for tuberculosis, 100% for metastatic carcinoma also for salivary gland tumour. In case of nodular goiter sensitivity was 92%. But it is only 60% sensitive in case of thyroid malignancy, as FNAC can not demarcate clearly between follicular adenoma and follicular cell carcinoma. But its accuracy in diagnosing papillary cell carcinoma of thyroid was 100%. Conclusion: Keeping the limitations in mind, FNAC can reduce substantially the need of open biopsy for histopathological examination. Last of all I wish to conclude the study with the popular saying of Stewart “Diagnosis by aspiration is as reliable as the combined intelligence of the clinician and pathologist makes it”. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2020; 26(1): 24-30

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