scholarly journals Comparison of efficacy of chlorhexidine alcohol with povidone iodine for prevention of surgical site infection: a prospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1668
Author(s):  
Binni John ◽  
Rajith Kishore K. K. ◽  
Vipinchandran C.
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Clean Contaminated ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI’s)are the major risk factors of postoperative morbidity and mortality. The incidence of these SSI’scan be minimized by taking prophylactic measures such as using effective preoperative antiseptics such as chlorhexidine (CHG) or povidone-iodine (PVI). The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of 2.5% chlorhexidine-alcohol with that of 10% povidone iodine for preventing SSI’sin clean contaminated elective surgeries.Methods: This prospective study included 100 patients who were undergoing for clean contaminated elective surgeries at Government Medical College, Kottayam from April 2014 to September 2015. Group A included 50 patients in which 2.5% chlorhexidine alcohol (chlorhexidine 2.5% in 70% ethanol) was used for preoperative skin cleansing and Group B included 50 patients in which 10%povidone-iodine aqueous was used. Incidence of SSI’s in terms of efficacy was compared between the groups.Results: Female preponderance was seen in both the groups, but the difference was not significant statistically. The SSI’swere seen in 5 patients in group A and in 12 patients in group B and this difference was found statistically significant (p=0.0084).Out of 5, in group A, 3 sites were culture positive showing the presence of S. aureus culture in 1 case and E. coli in 2 cases and in group B, out of 12, 6 sites were culture positive consisting of S. aureus and E. coli in 3 cases each.Conclusions: Chlorhexidine (2.5%) significantly reduced the risk of postoperative SSIs and colonization of bacteria in elective surgeries when compared to 10% povidone iodine.

Surgical Site Infections in Abdominal Surgeries - A Clinicopathological Prospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Biswaranjan Mohapatra ◽  
Dipesh Kumar Padhihari ◽  
Mrutynjay Das ◽  
Sai Barath Sunkara ◽  
Saikh Kasif Sahajada
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Purulent Discharge ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

BACKGROUND Surgical site infection still remains a nightmare for most surgeons even in these times despite many advances in medical science, surgical techniques & better operating room environment. Surgical site infection (SSI) is defined as ‘an infection occurring within 30 days of a surgery (or within 1 year if an implant is left in place after procedure) and affecting either incision or deep tissues at the operation site. METHODS A single observer, cross sectional, prospective study was carried out in the Dept. of General Surgery, in collaboration with Microbiology & Pathology Departments of Hi-tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The study included all patients who underwent laparotomy during the period of study, patients of all age groups except neonates and patients with post-operative surgical site infections. RESULTS The prospective study involved culture and sensitivity of 114 patients undergoing clean-contaminated surgeries (group A), contaminated-surgeries (group B) in the Department of Surgery at our institute. The study shows that the maximum number of cases were between 21 to 60 yrs. of age. (78 %) and the mean age in the group A was 39.2 years while in group B, it was 39.8 years. There was a total of 90 patients between 21 - 60 yrs. of age. Mean hospital stay in group A was 5.7 days and group B was 8.9 days. The sex ratio is quite evenly matched, 63 male patients and 51 female patients out of 114 cases. Amongst the 114 subjects, group A comprised of 58.77 % (67) while group B consisted of 41.22 % (47.13) patients. Out of 67, 13 from group A came back as sterile, in group B sterile samples were 10. CONCLUSIONS This study concludes that age, sex, class of wound, peri-operative management, operating time and co-morbidities of the patient, all have a significant effect on the incidence of surgical site infections. KEYWORDS Surgical Site Infection, Laparotomy, Purulent Discharge, Drain

Antimicrobial prophylaxis in noninstrumented spine surgery: a prospective study to determine efficacy and drawbacks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Aymeric Amelot ◽  
Maximilien Riche ◽  
Samuel Latreille ◽  
Vincent Degos ◽  
Alexandre Carpentier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

OBJECTIVE The authors sought to evaluate the roles of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in noninstrumented spine surgery (NISS), both in postoperative infections and the impact on the selection of resistant bacteria. To the authors’ knowledge, only one prospective study recommending preoperative intravenous (IV) antibiotics for prophylaxis has been published previously. METHODS Two successive prospective IV antibiotic prophylaxis protocols were used: from 2011 to 2013 (group A: no prophylactic antibiotic) and from 2014 to 2016 (group B: prophylactic cefazolin). Patient infection rates, infection risk factors, and bacteriological status were determined. RESULTS In total, 2250 patients (1031 in group A and 1219 in group B) were followed for at least 1 year. The authors identified 72 surgical site infections, 51 in group A (4.9%) and 21 in group B (1.7%) (p < 0.0001). A multiple logistic regression hazard model identified male sex (HR 2.028, 95% CI 1.173–3.509; p = 0.011), cervical laminectomy (HR 2.078, 95% CI 1.147–3.762; p = 0.016), and postoperative CSF leak (HR 43.782, 95% CI 10.9–189.9; p < 0.0001) as independent predictive risk factors of infection. In addition, preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis was the only independent favorable factor (HR 0.283, 95% CI 0.164–0.488; p < 0.0001) that significantly reduced infections for NISS. Of 97 bacterial infections, cefazolin-resistant bacteria were identified in 26 (26.8%), with significantly more in group B (40%) than in group A (20.9%) (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS A single dose of preoperative cefazolin is effective and mandatory in preventing surgical site infections in NISS. Single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis has an immediate impact on cutaneous flora by increasing cefazolin-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Study Of Vaginal Microflora In Cases Of Preterm Prelabour Rupture (PPROM): A Case Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
Binod Kumar Mahaseth ◽  
Durga B.C.
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Control Study

Background: Globally, Preterm delivery is a major contributory factor for early neonatal death. Till date definite causative factor for preterm labour has not been proven. However, the genital tract infection is considered to be the contributory factors for PPROM. Method: This case control study was conducted at Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur. 100 cases enrolled in the study were divided into two groups; group A consisted of 50 cases with PPROM; and in group B 50 cases were included cases without PPROM who came to routine antenatal check-up in ANC (antenatal care) clinic. The high vaginal swab was taken from the upper one-third of the posterior wall of the vagina and sent for culture and sensitivity in all cases. Results: In group A (with PPROM)74% of cases were culture positive and the commonest organism was E. coli which was isolated in 40% (20/50). In group B (without PROM) 28% of cases had culture positive, and again the commonest organism was E. coli isolated in 14 % cases (7/50). This present study showed that E. coli was most sensitive to amoxyclav and staphylococcus epidermis was most sensitive to nitrofurantoin. Ceftriaxone was found to be most effective in mixed infections. Conclusions: The genital tract infections in PPROM group was very high (+ve) culture in 74% in comparison to the non PPROM group where genital tract swab showed growth in only 28% (p-value 0.001). The lower genital tract infection has been considered as one of the potent cause of PPROM, so it is advised that a vaginal swab should be routinely obtained in the ANC clinic for culture and sensitivity. An appropriate antibiotic should be started in culture positive cases.

scholarly journals A study of surgical site infections with and without the use of pre-operative antibiotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3806
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Gupta ◽  
Seema Mittal ◽  
Tejinder Singh Dall ◽  
Darpan Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Clean Contaminated

Background: In spite of advances in infection control, infection still remains the major limitor of surgical horizons. After urinary tract infection, surgical site infection is a main factor contributing to morbidity and mortality.Methods: The present study was carried out in the department of General Surgery and Microbiology at Shri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Sri Amritsar. In this study 100 patients were selected undergoing clean or clean contaminated surgeries out of which 50 patients were not given pre-operative antibiotics (first group) and remaining 50 patients (second group) were given preoperative antibiotics.Results: Sample consisted of 100 patients with mean age of patients was 36.97 years. Total number of males was 57 and females were 43. 25 (50%) of patients who had not received prophylaxis developed SSI (group A) and 28 (56%) patients who received prophylaxis developed SSI (group B). Most common bacteria isolated from SSI was Staphylococcus aureus for both the groups. 10 (52.63%) Gram positive bacteria were isolated from microscopic examination of infected sample (A) and 25 (73.52%) were gram negative bacteria. 25 (73.52%) were Gram positive bacteria in group (b) and 9 (26.47%) were Gram negative isolates.Conclusions: It can be concluded from the present study that there is no need to give antibiotic prophylaxis prior to surgery in order to reduce the incidence of surgical site infection.

scholarly journals A randomized control trial to determine the need for postoperative antibiotics after laparoscopic appendicectomy in nonperforated appendicitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 548
Author(s):  
B. M. Kajagar ◽  
Rampurwala Jakiyuddin
Keyword(s):  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Iliac Fossa ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Laparoscopic Appendicectomy ◽  
Group A ◽  
Right Iliac Fossa Pain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Background: Acute Appendicitis is the most common cause of acute pain in the abdomen. Appropriate use of prophylactic antibiotics prevents the risk of postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs). However, there is no conclusive guideline concerning the duration of antibiotic usage. A single preoperative prophylactic dose has been recommended by many randomized control trials. Hence, the study aimed to determine the need for postoperative antibiotics after laparoscopic appendicectomy for nonperforated appendicitis.Methods: A total of 100 patients with nonperforated appendicitis undergoing laparoscopic appendicectomy divided into two groups. Group A (n=50) patients received single dose of preoperative antibiotic and group B (n=50) patients received preoperative dose, as well as three postoperative doses of antibiotics. Routine investigations including complete blood count, blood urea, serum creatinine; other investigations such as ultrasound of abdomen were also performed. Following laparoscopic appendicectomy, surgical wound was inspected after 48 h, 72 h, and on day 7 to look for any signs of postoperative SSI.Results: The mean age in group A was 30.74±10.69 years compared to 30.72±9.56 years (p=0.757) in group B. All the patients in study presented with right iliac fossa pain. Three patients in group A (6%) and two patients in group B (4%) had grade III SSIs, which were managed conservatively. The difference between both the groups for incidence of SSIs was statistically insignificant (p=1.000).Conclusions: Prophylactic postoperative doses of antibiotics confer no additional benefit over a single preoperative dose in preventing the postoperative SSIs after laparoscopic appendicectomy.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CLOSED REDUCTION AND EXPERT TIBIA NAILING WITH OPEN REDUCTION AND PLATE & SCREW FIXATION IN THE TREATMENT OF PROXIMAL TIBIA EXTRAARTICULAR FRACTURES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Pandey ◽  
Setul Shah ◽  
Deepak S Maravi ◽  
S Uikey
Keyword(s):  
Intramedullary Nailing ◽  
Closed Reduction ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Delayed Union ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Introduction:- Extra-articular proximal tibial fractures account for 5–10 % of all tibial shaft fractures and it result from high-velocity trauma. Closed reduction with minimally invasive plating and locked intramedullary  nailing have been widely used for treatment of proximal tibia extraarticular fractures. Our pupose is to compare the pros and cons of these two methods. Materials and methods:- 22 patients were included in this study for a period of 2 years. Patients treated with IMN were kept in group A patients treated with percutaneus plating were kept in group B. Standard approach of nailing and plating were used and proper follow up were taken for next upcoming 1 year. Results:- Combined average age was 38years. Male were more commonly affected than female (13:8). Majority of fracture were of type A33. Operative time was < 2 hours in both groups. Less blood loss occurred during intramedullary nailing as compared to locking plate fixation. Surgical site infections (SSIs) were seen in two patients in the PTP group. Delayed union occurred in two patients in the IMN group. The average range of motion was 119.7(range 90-150, SD= 19.18) in group A and 115.2(range 80-150, SD = 17.28) in group B. Conclusion:- in treatment of proximal tibia extra articular fracture use of IMN and PTLCP gives comparable results. To validate this issue further a large sample size multicentric study is recommended   Key words: intramedullary nailing (IMN), Extraarticular tibialn fracture, Surgical site infection.

Efficacy and Safety of Oral Ivermectin and Topical Permethrin in the Treatment of Scabies

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Mohsena Akhter ◽  
Ishrat Bhuiyan ◽  
Zulfiqer Hossain Khan ◽  
Mahfuza Akhter ◽  
Gulam Kazem Ali Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Background: Scabies is one of the most common skin diseases in our country. It is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis, which is an ecto-parasite infesting the epidermis. Scabies is highly contagious. Prevalence is high in congested or densely populated areas. Individuals with close contact with an affected person should be treated with scabicidal which is available in both oral and topical formulations. The only oral but highly effective scabicidal known to date is Ivermectin. Amongst topical preparations, Permethrin 5 % cream is the treatment of choice. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy & safety of oral Ivermectin compared to topical Permethrin in the treatment of scabies. Methodology: This prospective, non-randomized study was conducted at the out-patient department of Dermatology and Venereology of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital over a period of 6 months, from August 2016 to January 2017. The study population consisted of one hundred patients having scabies, enrolled according to inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups. group A was subjected to oral Ivermectin and the group B to Permethrin 5% cream. Patients were followed up on day 7 and 14 for assessment of efficacy and safety. Result: The mean scoring with SD in group A (Ivermectin) and group B (Permethrin) were 8.26 ± 2.22 and 7.59 ± 2.01 respectively at the time of observation. The difference between the mean score of the two group is not significant (p=0.117) the mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 4.54 ± 2.05 and 1.64 ± 1.84 respectively at 7thdays. The difference between the mean score of the two group is significant (p<0.001). The mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 2.68± 2.35 and .36± 1.10 respectively at 14th day difference between the mean score of the group is significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Topical application of permethrin 5% cream is more effective and safer than oral Ivermectin in the treatment of scabies. TAJ 2020; 33(1): 41-47

Effect of Sample Storage Conditions on Body Burden Analysis of Organic Contaminants in Unionid Mussels

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheline Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Unionid Mussels ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Abstract In order to quantitatively assess the effect of sample storage conditions on the body burden analysis of organic contaminants, a comparative analysis was carried out on the unionid mussel Elliptic complanata. The mussels were divided into two groups, each with distinct storage conditions, while Group A was kept in the freezer at −20°C, Group B was kept in the refrigerator for five days at 5°C. All the compounds present in the control were also present in Group B samples. Analysis of the organic contaminants in each of these two groups showed that for total PCB concentrations, the two treatments were not significantly different; however when compared individually 6 of the 13 PCB congeners showed significant differences. The observed differences were relatively small for individual PCB congeners (7.1 to 15.3%), higher for chlorobenzenes (10.5 to 36.4%), and yet higher for HCE (44.1%); the difference for HCE, although large is nevertheless not significant, even if only marginally so.

scholarly journals The Pandemic and Changes in the Self-Perception of Teacher Digital Competences of Infant Grade Students: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4756
Author(s):  
Rosalía Romero-Tena ◽  
Carmen Llorente-Cejudo ◽  
María Puig-Gutiérrez ◽  
Raquel Barragán-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Group A ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Without having a reaction time, the pandemic has caused an unprecedented transformation in universities around the world, leading to a revolution from structured models anchored in the conception of transmission of training towards a teaching approach-learning saved thanks to the incorporation of technology. This study aims to verify whether the pandemic situation has influenced the digital competence self-perception of students. Comparing two groups during the academic years 2019/2020 and 2020/2021, the instrument used is the questionnaire for digital competence “DigCompEdu Check-In” for future teachers. After the educational intervention, group A (before COVID-19) presented higher self-perceptions of competence than group B (during COVID-19); the pandemic situation caused by COVID-19 has negatively influenced students’ self-perception of their digital skills in the pretest in the different dimensions under study. Before receiving the training, the group that did not experience the pandemic enjoyed a higher self-perception of their competencies than the group that experienced the pandemic. The data obtained indicate that the difference exists, and that it is statistically significant, and may be a consequence of the clear relationship between self-perception and the way in which students face reality through their personal and subjective vision.

scholarly journals Prospective study of hair recovery after (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy with scalp cooling in Japanese breast cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shozo Ohsumi ◽  
Sachiko Kiyoto ◽  
Mina Takahashi ◽  
Seiki Takashima ◽  
Kenjiro Aogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Scalp Cooling ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Chemotherapy Infusion ◽  
Group A ◽  
Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Group B

Abstract Purpose Scalp cooling during chemotherapy infusion to mitigate alopecia for breast cancer patients is becoming widespread; however, studies regarding hair recovery after chemotherapy with scalp cooling are limited. We conducted a prospective study of hair recovery after chemotherapy with scalp cooling. Patients and methods One hundred and seventeen Japanese female breast cancer patients who completed planned (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy using the Paxman Scalp Cooling System for alopecia prevention were evaluated for alopecia prevention in our prospective study. We evaluated their hair recovery 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 months after chemotherapy. Primary outcomes were grades of alopecia judged by two investigators (objective grades) and patients’ answers to the questionnaire regarding the use of a wig or hat (subjective grades). Results Of 117 patients, 75 completed scalp cooling during the planned chemotherapy cycles (Group A), but 42 discontinued it mostly after the first cycle (Group B). Objective and subjective grades were significantly better in Group A than in Group B throughout 1 year, and at 4 and 7 months after chemotherapy. When we restricted patients to those with objective Grade 3 (hair loss of > 50%) at 1 month, Group A exhibited slightly faster hair recovery based on the objective grades than Group B. There was less persistent alopecia in Group A than in Group B. Conclusions Scalp cooling during chemotherapy infusion for Japanese breast cancer patients increased the rate of hair recovery and had preventive effects against persistent alopecia.

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