scholarly journals Study on esthetic appearance of reconstructed pinna in microtia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 3940
Author(s):  
G. Gopalan ◽  
M. K. Rajendran ◽  
R. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Ear Reconstruction ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Rib Cartilage ◽  
Maxillary Surgery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: The normal external ear is a complex three-dimensional structure and, as such, reconstruction of the ear is a demanding undertaking. A new era in ear reconstruction began in 1959 when Tanzer introduced his multistage autologous rib cartilage technique and it gained wide acceptance from the surgeons. The aim of the present study was reconstruction of pinna in microtia cases using esthetic component and to study its surgical outcome.Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in the department of plastic, reconstructive and facio-maxillary surgery, Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College, Salem, for a period of 2 years. A total of 26 patients with microtia were included in our study. The reconstruction of microtia was done by the following steps; a. first stage – removal of the rib cartilage and framework implantation; b. second stage - rotation of the ear lobule by Z plasty incision; c. third stage– creation of cephaloauricular sulcus; d. fourth stage - tragus construction and concha excavation. All the socio-demographic details and the clinical parameters related to the reconstructed ear were measured and tabulated.Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 14.3 years with a male: female ratio of 2:1. Based on the Tanzer classification all the patients were either in grade IIA or grade III of microtia with 35% of the patients had the hearing loss exceeding 40db. The mean length, breadth, degree of protrusion and degree of inclination of the reconstructed ear were 58.5mm, 34.6mm, 25o and 13o respectively. The most common complication reported in present study subjects was malposition of the reconstructed pinna (21.7%) followed by hematoma infection (8.6%) and hidden helix. Post-operatively the mean hearing loss was only 25db.Conclusions: The esthetic results of each of these techniques can be excellent when performed by an experienced surgeon in appropriately selected patients.

scholarly journals Hearing Status After Ossiculoplasty in Open Cavity Mastoidectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
Md Zakaria Sarker ◽  
DC Talukder ◽  
Khabir Uddin Patuary ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Saif Rahman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Ear Reconstruction ◽  
Canal Wall ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Hearing Gain ◽  
Canal Wall Down ◽  
Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy ◽  
Middle Ear Reconstruction ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

To evaluate the hearing outcome in canal wall down mastoidectomy with middle ear reconstruction, prospective longitudinal study was done at National Institute of ENT, Dhaka from March 2015 to September 2016. Total 22 patients were included in the study undergoing canal wall down mastoidectomy with 6 months postoperative followup. Hearing outcomes were observed and compared with the preoperative hearing tests. Among the 22 patients 9 (39.1% of subjects) patients had hearing gain, 12 (52.2%) had hearing loss and 1 (4.3%) had no change in hearing postoperatively.Although disease clearance is the main objective in canal wall down mastoidectomy, hearing gain can be achieved if combined with ossiculoplasty and tympanoplasty. The hearing gain or loss depends upon the extension of disease and status of the ossicular chain. Most patients usually experience hearing loss more than the preoperative period due to removal of ossicle or ossicles for the sake of disease clearance. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2017; 23(2): 195-198

scholarly journals Brain capillary structures of schizophrenia cases and controls show a correlation with their neuron structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rino Saiga ◽  
Masayuki Uesugi ◽  
Akihisa Takeuchi ◽  
Kentaro Uesugi ◽  
Yoshio Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Constant Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cartesian Coordinate ◽  
Micrometer Scale

AbstractBrain blood vessels constitute a micrometer-scale vascular network responsible for supply of oxygen and nutrition. In this study, we analyzed cerebral tissues of the anterior cingulate cortex and superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia cases and age/gender-matched controls by using synchrotron radiation microtomography or micro-CT in order to examine the three-dimensional structure of cerebral vessels. Over 1 m of cerebral blood vessels was traced to build Cartesian-coordinate models, which were then used for calculating structural parameters including the diameter and curvature of the vessels. The distribution of vessel outer diameters showed a peak at 7–9 μm, corresponding to the diameter of the capillaries. Mean curvatures of the capillary vessels showed a significant correlation to the mean curvatures of neurites, while the mean capillary diameter was almost constant, independent of the cases. Our previous studies indicated that the neurites of schizophrenia cases are thin and tortuous compared to controls. The curved capillaries with a constant diameter should occupy a nearly constant volume, while neurons suffering from neurite thinning should have reduced volumes, resulting in a volumetric imbalance between the neurons and the vessels. We suggest that the observed structural correlation between neurons and blood vessels is related to neurovascular abnormalities in schizophrenia.

The effect of sickle cell anemia on the linear growth of Nigerian children

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Nnenna Chikani ◽  
Adaobi Bisi-Onyemaechi ◽  
Ijeoma Ohuche ◽  
Justus Onu ◽  
Shalewa Ugege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Objectives Despite the high prevalence of children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) in West Africa, there is paucity of data on the height velocity and prevalence of growth failure in SCA patients. With advances in clinical care of SCA patients, could there be a spatial and secular trend in the growth pattern of these children? Hence, the compelling needs to embark on this study. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of growth failure among patients with SCA and its correlation with age, gender and age at diagnosis. Methods A Prospective longitudinal study of a cohort of sickle cell anaemic paediatric patients from Pediatrics SCA Clinic, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla. Patients were enrolled over a period of two years using a non-parametric convenient sampling method. Their heights were measured at baseline, three months, six months and at 12 months intervals and subsequently plotted on a standard WHO growth chart. The height velocities at different monthly intervals were calculated and compared with the WHO standard normal linear growth rates) for children (used as control) to identify those with GF. (i.e. <10th percentile). The main outcome measures were the mean height velocities at different months' intervals calculated and compared using the repeated measurement analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Wilcoxon signed test. Results A cohort of 316 children aged 1–18 years with SCA was evaluated with a male preponderance of 161 (57.4%). The mean age and age at diagnosis were 11.04 ± 5.56 and 4.2 ± 1.7 years, respectively. The prevalence of growth failure and short stature was 84.7%. The burden of GF was highest among post-pubertal participants (94.1%). The most important predictor of growth velocity deficit was age (R2=0.045, standard β coefficient = −0.22, t=−03.51, p=0.001). Conclusions The study demonstrated high prevalence of growth failure in children and adolescents with SCA which intensified with advancement in age and older age at diagnosis.

scholarly journals A Five Year Longitudinal Study of the Educational Environment in a Newly Integrated Medical Curriculum

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Syed I. Shehnaz
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Traditional Curriculum ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Course Of Study

Objectives: The College of Medicine at Gulf Medical University (GMU), Ajman, United Arab Emirates, was subjected to a curricular reform, which shifted the institution from a traditional curriculum to a hybrid, studentcentred, integrated curriculum. There are no previous studies analysing the consequences of such a curricular modification on the educational environment (EE). Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the EE of a pioneer cohort of the innovative curriculum over their five-year course of study. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted between September 2009 and September 2013 at the College of Medicine. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure questionnaire was completed by a pioneer cohort of students at the start of each academic session for five consecutive years. The mean overall, subscale and individual statement scores were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon-rank sum tests. Results: A total of 178 responses were collected (response rate: 90.4%). The mean overall score throughout the five years of study was 130/200. A significant difference in the scores (P <0.05) was observed as the students proceeded through the course. The overall and subscale scores were significantly higher in the first and final years of study. Analysis of the statements recognised the medical knowledge of the teachers’ and students’ awareness of empathy and social interactions as persistent strengths of the college over the entire course of study. A curricular overload, a want for support systems for stressed students, students’ waning interest levels and assessment strategies emerged as areas that warranted further attention. Conclusion: The pioneer cohort of the new curriculum rated their EE as positive throughout their five years of study at GMU. An examination of individual statements revealed the programme’s strengths and areas for improvement for the institution.Keywords: Curriculum; Environment; Longitudinal Study; Medical Students; Perception; Undergraduate Medical Education; United Arab Emirates.

scholarly journals (3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-[5-oxo-5-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)pentan-2-yl]hexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,7,12-triyl triacetate

IUCrData ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kavitha ◽  
Devaraj Anandkumar ◽  
Perumal Rajakumar ◽  
Srinivasan Bargavi ◽  
Srinivasakannan Lakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Dihedral Angle ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Terminal Alkyne ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Cyclopentane Ring ◽  
The Mean

In the title compound, C33H48O8, four terminal H atoms of cholic acid are replaced by three acetyl and one terminal alkyne group. All the acetyl residues are twisted with respect to the rings (A, B and C) to which they are attached. The cyclopentane ring D adopts an envelope conformation with the methyl-substituted C atom as the flap. Rings A, B and C have chair conformations. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of rings C and D is 4.70 (11)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional structure.

scholarly journals Generalized predictive model of estimation of inhibition of muscarinic receptors M1-M5

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. e00129
Author(s):  
A.V. Mikurova ◽  
V.S. Skvortsov ◽  
V.V. Grigoryev
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
Value Prediction ◽  
M3 Receptor ◽  
The Mean

A general predictive model for assessing the inhibition constant (K<sub>i</sub>) value of human acetylcholine muscarinic receptors M1-M5 by potential ligands has been constructed. We used information on the three-dimensional structure of human M1, M2, M4, and M5 receptors, as well as a model of the M3 receptor constructed according to homology based on the structure of the rat M3 receptor. A set of complexes of known inhibitors with the target receptor constructed by means of molecular docking, was selected using an additional option: the coincidence of the spatial position of 4 pharmacophore points of a tested inhibitor and tiotropium, for which the position in the crystal structure was known. For five types of M receptors 199 complexes with known K<sub>i</sub> values were selected. Based on the data obtained during molecular dynamics simulation of these complexes by means of the MM-PBSA/MM-GBSA methods, their energy characteristics were calculated. They were used as independent variables in linear regression equations for pK<sub>i</sub> value prediction. The R<sup>2</sup> prediction for the generalized equation was 0.7, and the mean prediction error was 0.55 logarithmic units with a range for pK<sub>i</sub>=4.7.

scholarly journals Identification of Novel CDH23 Variants Causing Moderate to Profound Progressive Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1474
Author(s):  
Khushnooda Ramzan ◽  
Nouf S. Al-Numair ◽  
Sarah Al-Ageel ◽  
Lina Elbaik ◽  
Nadia Sakati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Usher Syndrome ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Homozygosity Mapping ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Compound Heterozygous ◽  
Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss ◽  
Missense Variants

Mutant alleles of CDH23, a gene that encodes a putative calcium-dependent cell-adhesion glycoprotein with multiple cadherin-like domains, are responsible for both recessive DFNB12 nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) and Usher syndrome 1D (USH1D). The encoded protein cadherin 23 (CDH23) plays a vital role in maintaining normal cochlear and retinal function. The present study’s objective was to elucidate the role of DFNB12 allelic variants of CDH23 in Saudi Arabian patients. Four affected offspring of a consanguineous family with autosomal recessive moderate to profound NSHL without any vestibular or retinal dysfunction were investigated for molecular exploration of genes implicated in hearing impairment. Parallel to this study, we illustrate some possible pitfalls that resulted from unexpected allelic heterogeneity during homozygosity mapping due to identifying a shared homozygous region unrelated to the disease locus. Compound heterozygous missense variants (p.(Asp918Asn); p.(Val1670Asp)) in CDH23 were identified in affected patients by exome sequencing. Both the identified missense variants resulted in a substitution of the conserved residues and evaluation by multiple in silico tools predicted their pathogenicity and variable disruption of CDH23 domains. Three-dimensional structure analysis of human CDH23 confirmed that the residue Asp918 is located at a highly conserved DXD peptide motif and is directly involved in “Ca2+” ion contact. In conclusion, our study identifies pathogenic CDH23 variants responsible for isolated moderate to profound NSHL in Saudi patients and further highlights the associated phenotypic variability with a genotypic hierarchy of CDH23 mutations. The current investigation also supports the application of molecular testing in the clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling of hearing loss.

Factors Predicating Loss to Follow-Up With Rescreening in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Zeitlin ◽  
Charles Auerbach ◽  
Susan Mason ◽  
Lynn Spivak ◽  
Andrew Erdman
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

Most infants born in the United States are screened for hearing loss prior to hospital discharge in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) programs; however, many infants who do not pass their screening do not return for recommended rescreening and are considered lost to follow-up (LTF). This research addresses this by examining factors related to LTF at the point of rescreening. A prospective longitudinal study tracked 166 families whose newborns were referred for additional testing upon hospital discharge. Analysis identified two factors related to being LTF: parents’ perceptions of hearing loss as having the potential to impact their child’s future and maternal depression; however, social support moderated the impact of maternal depression. Specific implications for working with families is discussed.

scholarly journals Patterns of bruising in preschool children—a longitudinal study

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M Kemp ◽  
Frank Dunstan ◽  
Diane Nuttall ◽  
M Hamilton ◽  
Peter Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Bleeding Disorders ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Over Time

IntroductionThis study aims to identify the prevalence and pattern of bruises in preschool children over time, and explore influential variablesMethodsProspective longitudinal study of children (<6 years) where bruises were recorded on a body chart, weekly for up to 12 weeks. The number and location of bruises were analysed according to development. Longitudinal analysis was performed using multilevel modelling.Results3523 bruises recorded from 2570 data collections from 328 children (mean age 19 months); 6.7% of 1010 collections from premobile children had at least one bruise (2.2% of babies who could not roll over and 9.8% in those who could), compared with 45.6% of 478 early mobile and 78.8% of 1082 walking child collections. The most common site affected in all groups was below the knees, followed by ‘facial T’ and head in premobile and early mobile. The ears, neck, buttocks, genitalia and hands were rarely bruised (<1% of all collections). None of gender, season or the level of social deprivation significantly influenced bruising patterns, although having a sibling increased the mean number of bruises. There was considerable variation in the number of bruises recorded between different children which increased with developmental stage and was greater than the variation between numbers of bruises in collections from the same child over time.ConclusionsThese data should help clinicians understand the patterns of ‘everyday bruising’ and recognise children who have an unusual numbers or distribution of bruises who may need assessment for physical abuse or bleeding disorders.

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