scholarly journals Correlation between pathological tumour stage and lymph node involvement in oral cancers: a descriptive study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Deepak Paul ◽  
Moothedathparambil Ramakrishnan Babu ◽  
Krishnakumar Marar
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Tumour Stage ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Node Involvement

Background: Involvement of cervical lymph nodes is the single most important prognostic factor in oral carcinoma. This study was aimed to evaluate the correlation between tumour stage and lymph node metastasis.Methods: A descriptive study was planned in oral cancer patients who fall within the inclusion criteria. This was compared with the postoperative histopathologic status of cervical nodes. Correlation analysis was done between tumor stage and lymph node metastasis.Results: Total 106 patients were included in the study. The male female ratio was 1.4:1. Majority of the patients 37(34.9%) were in the sixth decade of life. Carcinoma of the tongue was present in 17 cases while only 4 had carcinoma of lower alveolus. Most of the patients with oral cancer presented at an early stage (T1-T2). Stage IV was the commonest with 51 (48.1%) patients. Level I was the most commonly involved lymph node station (78.1%) in squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity. A weak significant positive correlation between tumor stage and lymph node metastases (r =0.298) was found (p = 0.002). There was a moderate significant (p = 0.0001) positive correlation (r = 0.435) between pathological tumour stage and level of lymph node involvement. But the positive correlation was not statistically significant in carcinoma of the lower alveolus (r = 0.387, p=0.112).Conclusions: Significant positive correlation between pathological tumor stage and level of lymph node involvement in oral cancer and carcinoma tongue. But, in carcinoma lower alveolus the positive correlation was not significant.

scholarly journals The Role of BiP and the IRE1α–XBP1 Axis in Rhabdomyosarcoma Pathology

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4927
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Aghaei ◽  
Ahmad Nasimian ◽  
Marveh Rahmati ◽  
Philip Kawalec ◽  
Filip Machaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
P Value ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Specific Tumor ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response

Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children, and is associated with a poor prognosis in patients presenting with recurrent or metastatic disease. The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays pivotal roles in tumor development and resistance to therapy, including RMS. Methods: In this study, we used immunohistochemistry and a tissue microarray (TMA) on human RMS and normal skeletal muscle to evaluate the expression of key UPR proteins (GRP78/BiP, IRE1α and cytosolic/nuclear XBP1 (spliced XBP1-sXBP1)) in the four main RMS subtypes: alveolar (ARMS), embryonal (ERMS), pleomorphic (PRMS) and sclerosing/spindle cell (SRMS) RMS. We also investigated the correlation of these proteins with the risk of RMS and several clinicopathological indices, such as lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, tumor stage and tumor scores. Results: Our results revealed that the expression of BiP, sXBP1, and IRE1α, but not cytosolic XBP1, are significantly associated with RMS (BiP and sXBP1 p-value = 0.0001, IRE1 p-value = 0.001) in all of the studied types of RMS tumors (n = 192) compared to normal skeletal muscle tissues (n = 16). In addition, significant correlations of BiP with the lymph node score (p = 0.05), and of IRE1α (p value = 0.004), cytosolic XBP1 (p = 0.001) and sXBP1 (p value = 0.001) with the stage score were observed. At the subtype level, BiP and sXBP1 expression were significantly associated with all subtypes of RMS, whereas IRE1α was associated with ARMS, PRMS and ERMS, and cytosolic XBP1 expression was associated with ARMS and SRMS. Importantly, the expression levels of IRE1α and sXBP1 were more pronounced in ARMS than in any of the other subtypes. The results also showed correlations of BiP with the lymph node score in ARMS (p value = 0.05), and of sXBP1 with the tumor score in PRMS (p value = 0.002). Conclusions: In summary, this study demonstrates that the overall UPR is upregulated and, more specifically, that the IRE1/sXBP1 axis is active in RMS. The subtype and stage-specific dependency on the UPR machinery in RMS may open new avenues for the development of novel targeted therapeutic strategies and the identification of specific tumor markers in this rare but deadly childhood and young-adult disease.

Correlation of BMI with tumor stage in early breast cancer patients (pts): Pooled analysis of the German SUCCESS A, B, and C trials.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1602-1602
Author(s):  
Carola Anna Melcher ◽  
Uta Ortmann ◽  
Christoph Scholz ◽  
Thomas Zwingers ◽  
Andreas Schneeweiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Early Breast Cancer ◽  
Primary Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Tumor Characteristics ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
Disease Free

1602 Background: Independent from known prognostic factors, e.g., tumor size and nodal status, obesity is a risk factor for poor disease free, distant disease free, and overall survival in breast cancer. The aim of this analysis was to examine the correlation of the body mass index (BMI) with tumor characteristics in early breast cancer. Methods: We analyzed the data of 7,997 pts with early, node positive or high risk node negative primary breast cancer treated with adjuvant taxan-based chemotherapy within the German multicenter phase III SUCCESS A, B, or C trials. The pts’ tumor stage at primary diagnosis was classified according to the UICC tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification. Additionally, the tumor’s hormone-receptor status and HER2/neu status were determined. Before enrollment into the study each patient was grouped according to the WHO global database on BMI. Contingency table methods were used to analyze the correlation of BMI and tumor characteristics. Results: Among the 7,997 pts 100 (1.3%) pts were underweight, 3,556 (44.5%) pts were normal weight, 2,569 (32.1%) pts were overweight and 1,772 (22.2%) were obese. Of all pts 4,508 pts (56.4%) suffered from a pT2-4 tumor, 4830 (60.4%) showed lymph node involvement (pN1-3) and 7509 (93.9%) had G2-3 tumors. 5839 pts (73.0%) showed positivity for ER or PR and 935 (11.7%) for HER2/neu. Overweight and obese pts had significantly larger tumors compared to pts with normal BMI (p<0.0001; p<0.0001). Furthermore, overweight and obesity were associated with a significantly higher rate of lymph node involvement (p=0.0001; p=0.0003) respectively. In contrast neither grading, tumor histology, ER/PR-status nor HER2/neu-overexpression were correlated with BMI. Conclusions: These data are the first to show in a large number of pts that both obese and overweight women suffering from primary breast cancer have significantly larger tumors and more often positive axillary lymph nodes. As there are no differences in tumor biology, the advanced tumor stage might be due to more difficult and delayed detection of breast cancer and lymph node lesions in these women.

scholarly journals Survival improvement and prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of the SEER database

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingli Ding ◽  
Zhili Wen
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Seer Database ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidences have been increasing in the United States. This study aimed to examine temporal trend of HCC survival and determine prognostic factors influencing HCC survival within the U.S. population. Methods The Surveillance Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify patients diagnosed with primary HCC from 1988 to 2015. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prognostic factors and comparing survival between patients diagnosed at different periods (per 5-year interval). Results A total of 80,347 patients were included. The proportions of both young patients (< 45 years) and old patients (≥75 years) decreased over time (P < 0.001) and the male-to-female ratio increased over time (P < 0.001). Significant decreasing temporal trends were observed for HCC severity at diagnosis, including SEER stage, tumor size, tumor extent, and lymph node involvement (P < 0.001 for all). OS and DSS of patients with HCC improved over time (P < 0.001). After adjusting for patient and tumor characteristics and treatment difference, period of diagnosis retained an independent factor for improved DSS and its prognostic significance was evident for localized and regional HCC (P < 0.001), but not for distant HCC. On multivariate analyses, young age, female gender, Hispanic ethnicity, and married status were predictors favoring DSS, whereas a worse DSS was observed for patients with tumor > 5 cm, with vascular invasion, and with lymph node involvement. Patients treated with liver-directed therapy (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.35–0.56), hepatic resection (HR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.33–0.37), and transplantation (HR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.13–0.15) had significantly longer DSS compared with those who received no surgery. In stratified analyses, the beneficial effects of surgical approach, regardless therapy type, were significant across all stages. Conclusions Our results indicate a significant improvement in survival for HCC patients from 1988 to 2015, which may be attributable to advances in early diagnosis and therapeutic approaches.

Grading as a Prognostic Factor: Review of 209 Primary Gastric Cancer Patients

1989 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 494-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Battista Secco ◽  
Roberto Fardelli ◽  
Elisabetta Campora ◽  
Salvatore Rovida ◽  
Gabriella Lapertosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Primary Gastric Cancer ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
Involvement Rate ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

Two hundred and nine cases of primary gastric cancer were treated surgically from January 1968 to December 1983 and analyzed retrospectively. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 5 years. There were 25 SI cases (12 %), 22 SII (10.5%), 55 SIII (26.3%) and 107 SIV (51.2%). Tumor grade according to Broders classification showed 50 cases of G1 lesions (23.9%), 44 G2 (21.1 %) and 115 G3 (55%). Patients with well differentiated G1 lesion, compared to G2-G3 patients, presented a greater incidence of T1-T2 tumors and decreased incidence of T4 tumors (p < 0.05). The lymph node involvement rate significantly increased with variation of T (p < 0.001) but not with tumor grade. Survival results correlated with tumor stage (p < 0.01) but not with tumor grade or histological type.

Changing trends of incidence and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (02) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamshid Farahati ◽  
Uwe Mäder ◽  
Elena Gilman ◽  
Rainer Görges ◽  
Ines Maric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Management Algorithm ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Lower Franconia

Abstract Aim to evaluate the time trend of epidemiology of follicular cell derived thyroid cancer (TC) based on data from a well documented cancer registry. Methods Population based data on TC from Lower Franconia (LF), Germany, within 1981 and 2015 were analysed to estimate the regional epidemiology of TC. The incidence was assessed in 5-year-intervals for gender, histology, and tumor stage. Results Incidence of TC solely attributable to papillary TC (PTC) doubled mainly in T1- and T2-stages within the evaluation period from 4.5 to 8.7/100.000/y in females and 1.7 to 4.1/100.000/y in males. There was no significant change of follicular TC (FTC), whereas anaplastic TC (ATC) decreased in the same interval. The number of lymph-node metastases and T3-cases increased, while the frequency of T4-stage and distant metastases decreased. Increased incidences of T1- and T2-stages suggest an over-diagnosis. In contrast, increasing number of tumors at T3-stage and with lymph node involvement contradict the over-diagnosis as the only reason for rising incidence. Declining of T4-stages in spite of increasing of T3-stages and N1-cases indicates the value of timely detection and treatment of TC. In accordance, reduced incidence of advanced cancers with M1-stage and ATC cases promote our current management of TC. Conclusion Timely diagnosis and adequate risk-adopted treatment of thyroid cancer reduce the frequency of high-risk cases with distant metastases and the possible protracted dedifferentiation of TC to anaplastic features. Our analyses support the management algorithm in thyroid cancer according to the recent guidelines of German Nuclear Medicine Society.

Prediction of Nonsentinel Lymph Node Involvement in Patients with a Positive Sentinel Lymph Node in Malignant Melanoma

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 674-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Page ◽  
Grant W. Carlson ◽  
Keith A. Delman ◽  
Douglas Murray ◽  
Andrea Hestley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
Nonsentinel Lymph Node

Completion lymph node dissection (CLND) is routinely performed after metastatic melanoma is detected at sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy. Nonsentinel lymph node (NSLN) involvement is found in less than one-third of the cases. Possible predictors of NSLN involvement are examined. A retrospective review of 70 patients with a positive SLN biopsy for melanoma and drainage to one lymphatic basin was performed. The size of metastatic deposits was defined as macrometastases (>2 mm), micrometastases (≤2 mm), a cluster of cells (10–30 grouped cells) in the subcapsular space or interfollicular zone, or isolated melanoma cells (1–20 or more individual cells) in sub-capsular sinuses. Tumor stage, ulceration, SLN tumor burden, mitoses, number of positive SLNs, and total number of lymph nodes removed were examined as predictors of NSLN involvement after CLND. Two additional models based on SLN tumor burden and the number of nodes biopsied were designed. Nineteen patients (24.3%) were found to have NSLN metastases after CLND. Tumor stage, ulceration, SLN tumor burden, mitoses, number of positive SLN, and number of lymph nodes removed were not statistically significant. Residual disease at CLND stratified by SLN tumor burden was: isolated melanoma cells, 0; cluster of cells, 8 (38.1%); ≤2 mm, 5 (20.8%); and >2 mm, 6 (27.3%). A comparison of the means for the models was not predictive of NSLN involvement. None of the risk factors or models examined could predict nonsentinel lymph node involvement with melanoma. The SLN sample and minimal SLN metastatic disease when defined as isolated clusters of cells warrant further study as a potential indicator against CLND after positive SLN.

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