scholarly journals Morphology of abdominal pain: the inside story; investigation of abdominal pain and its correlation with endoscopy and H. pylori status

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1740
Author(s):  
M. K. Saxena ◽  
Rooman Ahmad Rana ◽  
Ashutosh Gupta ◽  
Ausaf Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Carcinogenic Effect ◽  
Background Pain ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Upper Abdomen

Background: Pain in the abdomen especially upper abdomen is a common presentation in any clinicians OPD. It has a significant effect on the quality of life of the individual. Moreover, it is essential to exclude presence of H. pylori infection since it is known to have carcinogenic effect, as well as the propensity to develop duodenal ulcer. This study was undertaken to understand the association of the above-mentioned symptoms with endoscopic findings and with H. pylori infection, and to find out if there is significant correlation between the above-mentioned symptoms and presence or absence of H. pylori infection.Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study based on the upper GI endoscopies carried out in the institution. The period covered was from 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2018. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were well defined. Data on patients presenting with symptoms of Gastritis, dyspepsia, epigastric pain and upper abdomen pain was studied.Results: The study showed association between age and H. pylori infection though it was not found to be statistically significant. The association between significant endoscopic finding and H. pylori was statistically significant (p>0.05) epigastric pain as a symptom was found to have strong Statistical significance with presence of H. pylori (p<0.05).Conclusions: Patients presenting with the symptoms of Gastritis, dyspepsia, epigastric pain and upper abdomen pain be investigated and endoscopy and biopsy for H. pylori should be part of protocol for their management.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of individual and group interventions for people with type 2 diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Manoel Imazu ◽  
Barbara Nascimento Faria ◽  
Guilherme Oliveira de Arruda ◽  
Catarina Aparecida Sales ◽  
Sonia Silva Marcon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: to compare the effectiveness of two educational interventions used by a healthcare provider in the monitoring of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), regarding knowledge of the disease, impact on quality of life and adoption of self-care actions. METHODS: comparative, longitudinal, prospective study performed with 150 subjects with type 2 diabetes, analyzed according to the type of participation in the program (individual and/or group). Participants of the individual intervention (II) received nursing consultations every six months and those of the group intervention (GI) took part in weekly meetings for three months. Data were collected through four questionnaires: Identification questionnaire, Problem Areas in Diabetes Questionnaire (PAID), Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire (SDSCA) and the Diabetes Knowledge Scale (DKN-A). Data were analyzed using the Friedman and Mann Whitney tests, considering a statistical significance of p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: there was an increase in knowledge about the disease in the II (p<0.003) and GI (p<0.007), with reduction of the impact on the quality of life in the II (p<0.007) and improvement in self-care actions in the GI (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: in both intervention models improvements were observed in the indicators, over the six month monitoring period.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with Helicobacter Pylori infection among children with sickle cell anemia attending Mulago hospital, in Uganda

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
IDRIS SWALEH MUBIRU ◽  
Phillip Gita Kasirye ◽  
Heather Hume ◽  
Grace Ndeezi
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Mulago Hospital ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract Background Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) have a high predisposition to a range of infections and gastrointestinal disorders. Studies of children living in low income countries have shown high levels of infection with Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori), however, there are no reports in children with sickle cell anemia.Objectives We aimed to describe the prevalence and factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection among children with sickle cell anemia at Mulago Hospital Sickle Cell Clinic, in Uganda.Methods A cross sectional design was employed to consecutively enroll 369 children with confirmed sickle cell anemia aged 5-18 years, attending the Mulago hospital sickle cell clinic. Assessments included; abdominal pain (current, recurrent, generalized or epigastric), dyspeptic symptoms, other relevant medical and social histories. Blood and stool samples were collected and an antigen test (test kit SD Bioline) was carried out on the latter to determine H.pylori infection. Ethical approval, consent and assent (for children above 8 years of age) were obtained. Data was entered using EPI DATA version 3.1 and analysed using STATA version 12.0. H. pylori prevalence was determined as a proportion of children with a positive stool test expressed as a percentage. Adjusted Odds ratios (aOR) were used to determine factors associated with H.pylori infection.Results H.pylori infection was detected in 47.7% (176/379), 95% CI (42.9-53.1) of the cases. Having epigastric pain was independently associated with H.pylori infection; aOR 2.22, 95%CI: (1.1 – 4.6), p-value= 0.03 . Pneumococcal vaccination aOR 0.41, 95% (CI 0.2-0.9; p=0.019 ) or H.pyroli combination therapy aOR 0.183, 95% (CI 0.1- 0.6; p=0.006 ) were protective against H.pylori. Recurrent abdominal pain did not predict H.pyroli infection. Conclusions H.pylori infection was common among children with sickle cell anemia and was independently associated with epigastric pain but not recurrent pain. Pneumococcal vaccination and combination H. pylori treatment were protective against the infection. Screening for H.Pylori should be carried out in sickle cell anaemia children with epigastric pain.

scholarly journals Impact of distractors in item analysis of multiple choice questions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1136
Author(s):  
Ismail Burud ◽  
Kavitha Nagandla ◽  
Puneet Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Difficulty Index ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Discriminatory Index

Background: Item analysis is a quality assurance of examining the performance of the individual test items that measures the validity and reliability of exams. This study was performed to evaluate the quality of the test items with respect to their performance on difficulty index (DFI), Discriminatory index (DI) and assessment of functional and non-functional distractors (FD and NFD).Methods: This study was performed on the summative examination undertaken by 113 students. The analyses include 120 one best answers (OBAs) and 360 distractors.Results: Out of the 360 distractors, 85 distractors were chosen by less than 5% with the distractor efficiency of 23.6%. About 47 (13%) items had no NFDs while 51 (14%), 30 (8.3%), and 4 (1.1%) items contained 1, 2, and 3 NFDs respectively. Majority of the items showed excellent difficulty index (50.4%, n=42) and fair discrimination (37%, n=33). The questions with excellent difficulty index and discriminatory index showed statistical significance with 1NFD and 2 NFD (p=0.03).Conclusions: The post evaluation of item performance in any exam in one of the quality assurance method of identifying the best performing item for quality question bank. The distractor efficiency gives information on the overall quality of item.

The Impact of Milieu Nurse–Client Shift Assignments on Monthly Restraint Rates on an Inpatient Child/Adolescent Psychiatric Unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefani Rae Magnowski ◽  
Sandra Cleveland
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Nurse Staffing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chart Audit ◽  
Psychiatric Unit ◽  
Chart Audits ◽  
Evidenced Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTION: Restraints in the inpatient child/adolescent psychiatric population pose a threat to client safety and quality of care. Nurses are key in reducing restraints through implementation of evidenced-based interventions to improve quality and safety. AIM: To identify the impact of milieu nurse–client shift assignments on monthly restraint rates when compared with individual nurse–client shift assignments on an inpatient child/adolescent psychiatric unit. METHODS: A quantitative, retrospective, comparative project design was used. The sample included all inpatient child/adolescent clients admitted to the child/adolescent psychiatric unit between the months of January–May 2016 and 2017 who were physically or mechanically restrained. Retrospective chart audits were conducted, and information transcribed onto an adapted chart audit tool by Edwards et al. (2006). Monthly restraint rates were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. A p value of <.05 was used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: The Mann–Whitney U test revealed statistical significance between the impact that the individual nurse–client shift assignments ( Mdn = 61.2, n = 6) and the milieu nurse–client shift assignments ( Mdn = 6.8, n = 6) had on monthly restraint rates, U = .000, z = −2.88, p = .004, r = .83. CONCLUSION: Use of milieu nurse–client shift assignments are associated with lower monthly restraint rates when compared to individual nurse–client shift assignments. Milieu nurses provide structure, safety, consistency, and security, leading to early intervention and de-escalation of clients who display aggressive behaviors. Nurse staffing structures also need to be optimized to meet the needs of this population.

scholarly journals TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DYSFUNCTION AND THE IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE: A LITERATURE REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Letícia Alves Novaes ◽  
Tamires de Sá Barreto Dantas ◽  
Viviane Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ◽  
English Studies ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Temporomandibular Dysfunction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Temporomandibular dysfunction has been frequent in the population, so chronic pain is directly related to the state of the quality of life; so it is necessary to understand the interference in the quality of life of individuals with the dysfunction. The objective of this study was to review the literature about quality of life of patients with temporomandibular dysfunction, emphasizing the different indexes to evaluate the quality of life. The databases for searching the literature were Pubmed, Bireme, Lilacs, Scielo. The keywords used in the literature search were epidemiology, temporomandibular joint disorders, quality of life, present in Health Desc. The literature reviewed was selected based on abstracts. The inclusion criteria were epidemiological and clinical studies; systematic review and meta-analysis; literature in portuguese and english; studies evaluating the TMD and quality of life indexes; while the exclusion criteria were literature review, clinical case, letter to the editor; literature addressing TMD and quality of life in children; studies that did not address the variables under study. The temporomandibular dysfunction according to the reviewed literature has an impact on the quality of life of the individual with dysfunction, several are the questionnaires to measure how much the TMD interferes in the daily activities of the patients, nevertheless the association of instruments is favorable to evaluate different categories as to quality of life of patients with dysfunction.

scholarly journals Haemagglutination (HA) test of Helicobacter pylori

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1382-1386
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Human Epithelial Cell ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Pathogenic Process

Thirty clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori bacteria obtained from patients attending endoscopy unit of Ibn-Sena teaching hospital in Mosul . These patients were complaining from epigastric pain , dyspepsia , acidity , vomiting , abdominal pain , flatulance , heart burn and melena . The H. pylori isolates were used for Haemagglutination assay (HA) , which involves the recognition of various glycoconjugates on the surface of red blood cells . In this study sheep red blood cells has been used in (HA) assay because the sheep erythrocytes surface resemble that of human epithelial cells . The results proved by (HA) assay, the ability of H. pylori to adherence to specific receptors on the surface of Human Epithelial Cell , which is the first step in the pathogenic process .

scholarly journals Patient Generated Index in HIV Chemosensory & auditory complaints: An observational study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usama Fawzy Kamel ◽  
Ushan Andrady
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Patient Generated Index ◽  
Chemosensory Perception ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Areas Of Concern ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Therapy Treatment

HIV is a chronic manageable disease. The disease and/or antiretroviral therapy treatment may lead to patient complaints regarding their hearing and chemosensory perception. Patient Generated Index (PGI) has been a validated patient generated questionnaire, which is flexible to capture areas relevant to patients [i] . It has not been used before to assess the chemosensory (smell and taste) and auditory concerns of HIV positive patients. Methods: PGI questionnaire was distributed to nineteen HIV patients attending the research clinic. Patients had five areas to record their perception in relation to senses (smell, taste and hearing). They then score how do they feel about this particular area, then they spend points to improve the area when needed. Patients were recruited from a HIV clinic after giving their informed consent matching inclusion/exclusion criteria. The questionnaire had five sections where patients identify problems matter to them in relation to smell, taste and hearing. The sixth question is generated by the patient in relation to other health areas of concern to the individual. Results: PGI scores (n=19) mean was 5.39 (range 1.08 8, SD 1.93). Smell mean scores 1.1, taste was 1 and hearing was 0.97 Smell was 20.4% of the total PGI score; taste was 18.6% and hearing 18% of the PGI score. Patients scored 2.32 (43% of the total PGI score) in other areas (back pain, arthritis, stomach pains, ) Conclusions: This is an observational cohort study to document the PGI results in relation to auditory and chemosensory perception in HIV positive patients. Although auditory and chemosensory problems in five areas scores altogether 57% of the PGI score, others (one area question), patients scored 43% of the total PGI score. Other complaints preoccupied patients and were relatively more cumbersome than the three senses. [i] Ruta D, Garratt A, Leng M, Russell I, MacDonald L. A New Approach to the Measurement of Quality of Life: The Patient-Generated Index. Medical Care. 1994 Nov;32(11):1109-1126

scholarly journals Helicobacter pyloriEradication in Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia: Clearing up the Controversy

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 339-340
Author(s):  
Carlo A Fallone
Keyword(s):  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Physician Visits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Upper Abdominal

Veldhuyzen van Zanten et al conducted a double-blind, randomized, multicentre study comparing triple therapy forHelicobacter pylorieradication to placebo for the treatment of nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD) symptoms in adult patients (1). Patients had moderate to severe epigastric pain on entry (rated at least a three on a five-point scale for at least three of the previous 14 days). The main outcome measure was the Mean Dyspepsia Summary Score (MDSS), which represents the mean severity of eight dyspepsia symptoms (epigastric pain, belching, heartburn, upper abdominal bloating, flatulence, sour taste, nausea and halitosis). Of the 1143 patients who were screened for this study in 27 centres across Canada, 157 were randomized. H pylori was eradicated in 82% of the active group compared with 6% in the placebo group. Symptoms improved in both groups over the 12-month study period, but there was no difference between the two groups in MDSS (2.34 in active and 2.30 in placebo groups at baseline, compared with 1.68 and 1.67, respectively, at the last visit). Nor were there differences in any of the individual symptoms, in the proportion of patients who achieved a certain MDSS score or in health care utilization, such as physician visits, need for additional prescriptions or days lost from work. The authors concluded that, compared with placebo, therapy forH pyloriproduced no sustained improvement of NUD symptoms.

scholarly journals Prevalence of AntiHelicobacter pylori Antibodies among Students of Cihan University, Erbil

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Sarah Hoshyar Maroof ◽  
Hadi Mahdi Alsakee ◽  
Gulistan Hussein Muhammad ◽  
Asia Sherzad Muhammad ◽  
Ilaf Abdulrazaq Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
University Students ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Human Stomach ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori is resident in human stomach and causes chronic disease (peptic ulcer and gastritis). The mouth and colon were both known to host a large number of microbes. This study was carried out to investigate the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection among Cihan University students. A total of 197 blood samples were collected from the students (53 females and 144 males) from 13 departments of Cihan University, Erbil, and tested for anti-H. pylori antibodies, using rapid immunochromatography assay. Among 197 students tested, 44 (22.3%) showed positive reaction for H. pylori, 32 males and 12 females. It was non-significantly higher among students with ages ranged between 29 and 32 years old. Twenty-one of infected students were using tap water for drinking. Twenty-six (59.1%) of positive students experienced no symptoms and 18 (40.9%) were symptomatic (13.63% epigastric pain and 27.2% abdominal pain).

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