scholarly journals Frequency, causes, and findings of brain CT scans of neonatal seizure at Ardabil City Hospital, Ardabil, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2485
Author(s):  
Farzad Ahmadabadi ◽  
Mehrdad Mirzarahimi ◽  
Adel Ahadi ◽  
Zahra Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Neonatal Seizure ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

Background: Neonatal seizures are the primary and most important signs of neurologic function disorders that often lead to serious complications. However, this disorder is predictable and manageable with suitable diagnostic and therapeutic methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency, causes, and findings of brain CT scans of neonatal seizure.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study has been done on 70 neonates with seizures who hospitalized in Ardabil city hospital during 2016-2017. CT scans were done for all patients. Necessary information for each patient was recorded in a checklist including demographic data, history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and maternal endocrine disorders, and history of resuscitation and clinical data including type of seizure and its duration, Cause of seizure and CT scan findings (cerebral hemorrhage, local ischemic lesions, hypoxemic-ischemic encephalopathy, and anatomical cerebral malformations).Results: The mean age of neonates was 12.41±9.33 days. Of them, 61.4% were boys, 3.24% LBW and 40% were preterm at birth time. Of all neonates, 21.4% had history of seizure in their relative degree family members. Fever was the most common symptom accompanying seizures (40%). The most common form was tonic seizure (n=30, 42.9%) and its duration time was 4.99 minute.  A total of 41.4% of neonates (29 cases) had abnormal CT scan reports. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (47%) was the most common findings in the CT scans of neonates with seizures.Conclusions: Results showed that, a considerable number of neonates had abnormal CT findings and the most common abnormal form was hypoxemic-ischemic encephalopathy. 

How much is the effective dose from medical imaging in pediatric patients in the neurosurgery department?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zeinali-Rafsanjani ◽  
S. Haseli ◽  
R. Jalli ◽  
M. Saeedi-Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Plain Radiographs ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Abdomen Ct

Medical imaging with ionizing radiation in pediatric patients is rising, and their radiation sensitivity is 2–3 times more than adults. The objective of this study was to estimate the total effective dose (ED) of all medical imaging by CT scan and plain radiography in patients in pediatric neurosurgery department. Patients with at least one brain CT scan and recorded dose length product (DLP) were included. Patients’ imaging data were collected from the picture-archiving-and-communicating system (PACS) using their national code to find all their medical imaging. Total ED (mSv) from CT scans and plain radiographs were calculated. A total of 300 patients were included, of which 129 were females and 171 males with a mean age of 5.45 ± 4.34 years. Mean DLPs of brain, abdomen, and chest CT were 329.16, 393.06, 284.46 mGy.cm. The most frequent CT scans in these children were brain CT scans with ED range of 0.09 to 47.09 mSv. Total ED due to all CT scans and plain radiographs were in the range of 0.38 to 63.41 mSv. Although the mean DLP of each brain, chest, and abdomen CT of patients was in the range of DRLs reported by previous studies, the patients with numerous CT scans received more radiation doses than mean ED (6.21 mSv between all age groups). The most frequent CT scan was the brain, and the most frequent plain radiographs were chest and lower extremities. It can be concluded that reducing the number of CT scans or plain radiographs by appropriate physical exams or replacing them with modalities that do not use ionizing radiation can reduce ED.

scholarly journals Role of Computed Tomography In Evaluation of Patients With History of Chronic Headache

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Sanju Rawal ◽  
Sadhan Mukhi ◽  
Sandip Subedi ◽  
Surendra Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Chronic Headache ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cavum Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
History Of

INTRODUCTION: Headache is one of the universal experience and one of the most common symptom in medical practice. It is most frequently suffered illness by human beings. As much as 90 percent of individuals have at least one episode of headache each year and severe headache is reported to occur at least annually in 40 percent of the population. Population based estimates suggest that about 4 percent of adults have daily or near daily headache. Since majority of patients who present with chronic or recurrent headache have no significant intracranial abnormalities to be detected on neuroimaging. The main objective of our study was to obtain socio demographic status of patients presenting with history of chronic headache and to assess the role of CT scan in evaluation of such patients presenting to radiology department from various departments of Universal College of Medical Sciences & Teaching Hospital (UCMSTH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: All patients with complaints of chronic headache and referred to Department of Radiology from August 2013 to April 2014 were included in the study. Total of 193 cases were included. Intravenous contrast medium was given in all 193 cases. Patients were divided into two groups with normal and abnormal CT findings. Results were tabulated and analyzed for the diagnostic yield from imaging in evaluation of patient with history of chronic headache. RESULTS: Out of 193 patients, 182 had normal CT (94.31%) and 11(5.69%) had abnormal CT findings. Contrast enhanced CT scans did not improve lesion detection .Out of 11 abnormal CT findings 3 of them had intracranial space occupying lesion, 3 had calcified granuloma, 2 of them had sinusitis, 1 had hydrocephalus, 1 cerebral atrophy and 1 with persistent cavum septum pellucidum. CONCLUSION: The proportion of intracranial abnormalities detected by CT in patients with history of chronic headache in this study was similar to that of previous studies. This corroborates the evidence that the ability of CT scan in detecting intracranial pathology is low in patient with chronic headache with exclusion of any neurological abnormality.

scholarly journals Validity of mild TBI risk score to predict intracranial hemorrhage in cases of mild traumatic brain injury in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000453
Author(s):  
Kasamon Aramvanitch ◽  
Chaiyaporn Yuksen ◽  
Chetsadakon Jenpanitpong ◽  
Promphet Nuanprom ◽  
Yuranan Phootothum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Mild Tbi ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Brain Ct Scan

BackgroundPatients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) will receive a brain CT scan based on risk of injury. A previous study established a scoring system for patients with mild TBI that assigned <3 points for the low-risk group, 3–6 points for the moderate-risk group, and ≥6 points for the high-risk group. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the external validity of mild TBI risk scores for predicting intracranial hemorrhage in patients with mild TBI who had been transferred to receive a brain CT scan at the 10 nationwide CT scan–capable facilities in Thailand.MethodsThe study was a retrospective cross-sectional review of patients with mild TBI who received a brain CT scan in 10 nationwide hospitals of Thailand. Risk factors were observed and points calculated for predicting mild TBI scores based on patient records. Injured patients were divided into two groups: CT scans indicating normal and abnormal brain images. After this, the accuracy of mild TBI score for predicting the presence of intracranial hemorrhage was investigated.ResultsThe study included a total of 999 patients, comprising 461 (46.15%) patients with abnormal brain CT scans indicating intracranial hemorrhage and 538 (53.85%) indicating no intracranial hemorrhage. In the low-risk group (mild TBI risk score <3), moderate-risk group (mild TBI risk score 3–6), and high-risk group (mild TBI risk score >6), the likelihood ratio positive of brain CT scans were 0.41, 3.53, and 77.3, respectively.DiscussionMild TBI risk score may assist healthcare providers to select patients with mild TBI for brain CT scan referral, particularly in hospitals without CT scan facilities. In such cases, based on the proposed scoring system, immediate transfer of moderate-risk and high-risk patients with mild TBI to a CT scan–capable facility is necessary.

History of CT Scan Studies in Aphasia—1970s to 1990s

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Naesser ◽  
Carole L. Palumbo ◽  
Paula I. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Lesion Site ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Boston University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Language Areas

This chapter summarizes early computed tomography (CT) scan studies in stroke patients with aphasia from the 1970s through the 1990s. Studies took place at the Boston University Aphasia Research Center located at the Boston Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Earliest studies associated classical aphasia syndromes with lesions located in cortical language areas on CT scans. In the 1980s, studies reported that chronic aphasia could be associated with subcortical lesion only; emphasis was on lesion in white matter pathways. In the 1990s, studies showed that lesion sites on CT scans performed after 2 months poststroke could be predictive for recovery of auditory language comprehension, and meaningful nonfluent speech at 1 year poststroke. Lesion site patterns were identified for different outcome levels following specific language therapy programs. Some rare aphasia cases are included: left-handers with separate hemispheric dominance locations for speech versus comprehension in the same person; and a unilateral, word deafness case.

scholarly journals Study protocol for investigating the performance of an automated blood test measuring GFAP and UCH-L1 in a prospective observational cohort of patients with mild traumatic brain injury: European BRAINI study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e043635
Author(s):  
Marion Richard ◽  
Alfonso Lagares ◽  
Victor Bondanese ◽  
Javier de la Cruz ◽  
Odile Mejan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Automated Assay

IntroductionMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common cause of clinical consultation in the emergency department. Patients with mTBI may undergo brain CT scans based on clinical criteria. However, the proportion of patients with brain lesions on CT is very low. Two serum biomarkers, glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), have been shown to discriminate patients regarding the presence or absence of brain lesions on initial CT scan when assessed within the first 12 hours after TBI. However, the current technique for measuring serum concentrations of GFAP and UCH-L1 is manual and time consuming, which may hinder its use in routine clinical practice. This study assesses the diagnostic accuracy of an automated assay for the measurement of serum GFAP and UCH-L1 in a cohort of patients with mTBI who received a CT scan as the standard of care.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective multicentre observational study of 1760 patients with mTBI recruited in France and Spain across 16 participating sites. Adult patients with an initial Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13–15 and a brain CT scan underwent blood sampling within 12 hours after TBI. The primary outcome measure is the diagnostic performance of an automated assay measuring serum concentrations of GFAP and UCH-L1 for discriminating between patients with positive and negative findings on brain CT-scans. Secondary outcome measures include the performance of these two biomarkers in predicting the neurological status and quality of life at 1 week and 3 months after the trauma.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained by the Institutional Review Board of Sud-Ouest Outre Mer III in France (Re#2019-A01525-52) and Hospital 12 de Octubre in Spain (Re#19/322). The results will be presented at scientific meetings and published in peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04032509.

scholarly journals Evaluation of brain CT-scan results and indications before lumbar puncture in children suspected of meningitis hospitalized in Ardabil city hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 3585
Author(s):  
Majid Vafaie ◽  
Mehrdad Mirzarahimi ◽  
Afsaneh Enteshari-Moghaddam-moghaddam ◽  
Sahar Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Subdural Effusion ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Brain Ct Scan ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Background: Multiple use of CT scan is associated with an increased risk of cancer in the future especially in children due to cellular growth and mutation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the result and indications of brain CT scan before lumber puncture in children with suspected of meningitis.Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, information of brain CT Scans on all meningitis suspected children under 12 years old hospitalized in Ardabil city hospital at 2016 who were candidates of CT Scan before Lumbar Puncture were extracted and the results were analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS version 22.Results: In this study, a total number of 67 patients were studied and CT scan changes were seen in 13 cases (19.4%) that of them 6 (46.2%) were male and rest of them were female. The mean age of the cases that had CT scan changes was 36.9±2.14 months and in other patients were 38.8±3.56 months. Of all patients, 13 patients experienced decrease in consciousness level that CT scan changes were observed in 8 cases (61.5%). Of the 13 patients (19.4%) had CT scan changes, 5 (38.4%) ha brain structural lesions.Conclusions: The prevalence rate of CT-scan changes was 19.4% and the most commonly detections in patients by CT scan, were structural disorder of the brain and subdural effusion.

scholarly journals The Necessity of Follow-Up Brain Computed-Tomography Scans: Is It the Pathology Itself Or Our Fear that We Should Overcome?

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 740-743
Author(s):  
Ahmet Öğrenci ◽  
Orkun Koban ◽  
Murat Ekşi ◽  
Onur Yaman ◽  
Sedat Dalbayrak
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Abnormal Finding ◽  
Brain Ct

AIM: This study aimed to make a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with head traumas that were admitted to one hospital setting and to make an analysis of the patients for whom follow-up CT scans were obtained.METHODS: Pediatric head trauma cases were retrospectively retrieved from the hospital’s electronic database. Patients’ charts, CT scans and surgical notes were evaluated by one of the authors. Repeat CT scans for operated patients were excluded from the total number of repeat CT scans.RESULTS: One thousand one hundred and thirty-eight pediatric patients were admitted to the clinic due to head traumas. Brain CT scan was requested in 863 patients (76%) in the cohort. Follow-up brain CT scans were obtained in 102 patients. Additional abnormal finding requiring surgical intervention was observed in only one patient (isolated 4th ventricle hematoma) on the control CTs (1% of repeat CT scans), who developed obstructive hydrocephalus. None of the patients with no more than 1 cm epidural hematoma in its widest dimension and repeat CT scans obtained 1.5 hours after the trauma necessitated surgery.CONCLUSION: Follow-up CT scans changed clinical approach in only one patient in the present series. When ordering CT scan in the follow-up of pediatric traumas, benefits and harms should be weighted based upon time interval from trauma onset to initial CT scan and underlying pathology.

scholarly journals Rapidly progressive brain atrophy in septic ICU patients: a retrospective descriptive study using semiautomatic CT volumetry

Critical Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuta Nakae ◽  
Tetsuro Sekine ◽  
Takashi Tagami ◽  
Yasuo Murai ◽  
Eigo Kodani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Disturbance Of Consciousness ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Sepsis is often associated with multiple organ failure; however, changes in brain volume with sepsis are not well understood. We assessed brain atrophy in the acute phase of sepsis using brain computed tomography (CT) scans, and their findings’ relationship to risk factors and outcomes. Methods Patients with sepsis admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and who underwent at least two head CT scans during hospitalization were included (n = 48). The first brain CT scan was routinely performed on admission, and the second and further brain CT scans were obtained whenever prolonged disturbance of consciousness or abnormal neurological findings were observed. Brain volume was estimated using an automatic segmentation method and any changes in brain volume between the two scans were recorded. Patients with a brain volume change < 0% from the first CT scan to the second CT scan were defined as the “brain atrophy group (n = 42)”, and those with ≥ 0% were defined as the “no brain atrophy group (n = 6).” Use and duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, and mortality were compared between the groups. Results Analysis of all 42 cases in the brain atrophy group showed a significant decrease in brain volume (first CT scan: 1.041 ± 0.123 L vs. second CT scan: 1.002 ± 0.121 L, t (41) = 9.436, p < 0.001). The mean percentage change in brain volume between CT scans in the brain atrophy group was –3.7% over a median of 31 days, which is equivalent to a brain volume of 38.5 cm3. The proportion of cases on mechanical ventilation (95.2% vs. 66.7%; p = 0.02) and median time on mechanical ventilation (28 [IQR 15–57] days vs. 15 [IQR 0–25] days, p = 0.04) were significantly higher in the brain atrophy group than in the no brain atrophy group. Conclusions Many ICU patients with severe sepsis who developed prolonged mental status changes and neurological sequelae showed signs of brain atrophy. Patients with rapidly progressive brain atrophy were more likely to have required mechanical ventilation.

scholarly journals 336. Neurocysticercosis in a non-endemic region: A large case series from New York City

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S239-S239
Author(s):  
Cesar G Berto ◽  
Christina Coyle
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
York City ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Parenchymal Disease

Abstract Background Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is associated with significant morbidity and a variety of clinical presentations We describe our experience with NCC at a New York City hospital. Methods A retrospective review of consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of neurocysticercosis who attended to Jacobi Medical Center in New York City was done. Demographic data, symptoms at presentation, and cysticercosis serology were retrieved from the medical records. The cases were classified according to the location of the cysts. Demographic and clinic variables were compared to assess for differences according to the cyst location. Results A total of 260 cases of NCC were included. Of these cases, 163 (62.7%) were male, and the median age was 36.7 ± 13.7 years. A total of 245 patients (94.2%) were immigrants from 22 different countries. The most common countries of origin were Mexico (28.8%) and Ecuador (24.2%). Parenchymal NCC alone was seen in 139 patients (53.5%); of these, 31 patients had viable cysts. Forty patients (15.4%) were diagnosed with subarachnoid NCC (SANCC) alone and 19 patients (7.3%) had intraventricular NCC alone. Sixty-two patients (23.8%) had parenchymal and extra parenchymal NCC. Additionally, 24.7% of SANCC cases had concomitant spinal NCC. The median time from immigration to presentation was 9.5 years. SANCC cases had significantly longer time from immigration than parenchymal disease. The most common symptom among patients with only parenchymal NCC was seizures (68.4%). Among patients with only SANCC, 28 patients (70.0%) reported headache. Fifteen patients (37.5%) had intracranial hypertension and 12 required shunt placement. Eight patients (20.0%) of the SANCC group presented as an ischemic event. Cysticercus antigen was measured in 172 patients and was positive in 38 patients (14.6%); all but one with a positive antigen had extra-parenchymal NCC. Conclusion This is the largest series of NCC reported in the US and highlights the importance of SANCC disease, a more severe form of NCC. Our data suggests that those with SANCC present with intracranial hypertension and have longer latency than other forms. The NCC recombinant antigen was more likely to be positive in extra-parenchymal disease. This is a complex disease and ID physicians should be aware of the many presentations. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Measurement of Tibial Tuberosity–Trochlear Groove Offset Distance by Weightbearing Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scan

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 232596711773415 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Marzo ◽  
Melissa A. Kluczynski ◽  
Anthony Notino ◽  
Leslie J. Bisson
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Offset Distance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conventional Ct

Background: Computed tomography (CT) scans are useful for objectively measuring bone alignment because they show bone detail particularly well, and these scans have been used extensively to assess patellar orientation. The tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) offset distance has been shown to be influenced by knee flexion and weightbearing, yet conventional CT scans are obtained with the subject relaxed, supine, and with the knee in full extension. A new cone-beam CT scanner has been designed to allow for weightbearing images, potentially providing a more physiologically relevant assessment of patellofemoral alignment. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to measure the TT-TG offset in healthy individuals without any history of knee complaints when CT scans were obtained while fully weightbearing on a flexed knee. Our hypothesis was that the TT-TG offset measurement in these healthy knees would be reproducible and less than the historically reported normal range. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers without any history of knee complaint were recruited to undergo a weightbearing cone-beam CT scan of the knee flexed at 30°. The scans were reviewed by a radiologist and an orthopaedic surgeon, and TT-TG offset was measured using the digital tools of a picture archiving and communication system. Paired t tests were used to compare TT-TG offset on 2 separate occasions for both raters. Inter- and intrarater reliability were assessed using a 2-way mixed-effects model intraclass correlation coefficient with corresponding 95% confidence intervals for TT-TG offset. Results: The mean TT-TG offset was 2.7 mm. There were no statistically significant differences in TT-TG offset between raters ( Prater1 = .70; Prater2 = .49) and time of read ( Ptime1 = .83; Ptime2 = .19). Good to moderate interrater reliability was found at the time of both reads, and good intrarater reliability was found for both raters. Conclusion: When measured by CT scan and obtained from a subject while weightbearing on a flexed knee, the TT-TG offset is reproducible and the distance is less than that obtained via a conventional CT scan.

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