scholarly journals Frequency of nutritional rickets, its clinicobiochemical profile and its relationship to the lower respiratory tract infections in indoor patients from 2 to 60 months of age

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1876
Author(s):  
Bhagat Ram Thakur ◽  
Pancham Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Nutritional Rickets ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Frequency of nutritional rickets, its clinicobiochemical profile and its relationship to the lower respiratory tract infections in indoor patients from 2 to 60 months of age.Methods: Children aged 2 to 60 months admitted for the first time were included in the study and divided into two groups i.e. with and without clinical signs of rickets. Disease profile was studied in both groups. Incidence of lower respiratory tract infection was compared between two groups.  Children with clinicoradiological signs of rickets were also investigated for biochemical abnormalities.Results: During the one year study period a total of 393 children were admitted, 65 were found to have rickets constituted as study group and 328 were without rickets were included the controls. Rickets incidence was 16.5% of which majority (74.6%) were males and most rachitic children (64.6%) were below six months of age. Acute lower respiratory tract infection (64.6%) was commonest in study group and acute gastroenteritis (24.4%) in the controls. The rate of ALRTI was nearly three times in study group.  Frontal bossing (67.7%) was most common sign of rickets and increased alkaline phosphatase (93.8%) was the commonest biochemical abnormality.Conclusions: Nutritional rickets, a multifactorial disease, is easily preventable. The present study has revealed the high incidence of rickets i. e., 16.5% and also show the strong statistically significant association of nutritional rickets with acute lower respiratory tract infections.

scholarly journals Anemia as a Risk Factor for Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children Below Five Years of Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Henish Shakya ◽  
Saurav Singh ◽  
Ashish Lakhey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infection is a major cause of death in children in a developing country and anemia is found to be one of the commonest associated cofactors. This study was aimed to determine association of anemia in children with lower respiratory tract infections.Materials and Methods: The retrospective study was done over a one-year period for children under 5 years of age, admitted in Pediatric Ward of a tertiary Hospital in Lalitpur. The study included 100 diagnosed cases of lower respiratory tract infections as per WHO criteria and 100 age and sex matched patients who did not have respiratory complaints as controls, excluding prematurity, chronic diseases, malnutrition and severe systemic illness. Appropriate clinical history, examination routine investigations like hemoglobin, peripheral smear, and Chest X-ray were included.Results: The age distribution maximum children were in the age group of 3 months to 23 months with significant association with prevalence of both pneumonia (p value 0.005) and anemia (p value 0.002). Anemia was found to be a significant risk factor for LRTI (p value < 0.001) with odds ratio of 2.68 and 95% CI (1.51 – 4.75).Conclusions: Anemia was significantly found to be associated with lower respiratory tract infections and these children were found to be 2.68 times more susceptible to lower respiratory tract infections. Early diagnosis and prevention of anemia is thus important to reduce the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections in children.Nepalese Medical Journal. vol.1, No. 1, 2018, page: 5-8

scholarly journals Human bocavirus found in children with lower respiratory tract infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collective Editorial team
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Time

A new parvovirus which causes lower respiratory tract infections in children has been identified for the first time, and has provisionally been called human bocavirus

scholarly journals An analysis of the clinical picture of respiratory tract infections in primary care patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-388
Author(s):  
Aneta Rzepka ◽  
◽  
Anna Mania ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical picture of respiratory tract infections among adult patients visiting their general practitioners. Materials and methods: The analysis included 301 adult patients who reported to their general practitioners due to respiratory tract infection. W assessed clinical symptoms, age, final diagnosis, probable aetiology, additional tests, including Actim® Influenza A&B rapid test to confirm influenza infection, radiographic and laboratory findings, as well as comorbidities, treatment used, vaccinations against influenza, and smoking habits. Results: Upper respiratory tract infections accounted for the vast majority of cases (74%), and these primarily included viral infections (62%), some of which required a change of therapy (23%) due to suspected secondary bacterial infection; lower respiratory tract infections accounted for 26% of cases. The main symptoms reported by the patients included cough, pharyngeal pain, fever, rhinitis, general malaise, nasal obstruction, headache, muscle pain and dysphonia. Acute pharyngitis was the dominant diagnosis (27%), followed by acute upper respiratory tract infection of multiple sites (13.6%), acute nasopharyngitis (known as common cold) (10%), purulent tonsillitis (11.6%), acute bronchitis (11%) and influenza (11%). Antibiotic therapy was used in 60% of patients with upper respiratory tract infection and 68% of patients with lower respiratory tract infection. Conclusions: The majority of patients were diagnosed with viral infections. The highest incidence of respiratory tract infections was observed in elderly individuals and patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases, diabetes mellitus and cancer. Smokers are more likely to develop lower respiratory tract infections (confirmed by additional tests) compared to other groups of patients. Individuals vaccinated against influenza account for a small proportion of patients.

scholarly journals Factors influencing lower respiratory tract infection in older patients after general anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052110432
Author(s):  
Tingting Chen ◽  
Yali Yasen ◽  
Jianjiang Wu ◽  
Hu Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective Pulmonary complication is common in older patients after surgery. We analyzed risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection after general anesthesia among older patients. Methods In this retrospective investigation, we included older patients who underwent surgery with general anesthesia. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection. Results A total 418 postoperative patients with general anesthesia were included; the incidence of lower respiratory tract infection was 9.33%. Ten cases were caused by gram-positive bacteria, 26 cases by gram-negative bacteria, and 2 cases by fungus. We found significant differences in age, smoking, diabetes, oral/nasal tracheal intubation, and surgery duration. Logistic regression analysis indicated that age ≥70 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.028, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.115–3.646), smoking (OR 2.314, 95% CI 1.073–4.229), diabetes (OR 2.185, 95% CI 1.166–4.435), nasotracheal intubation (OR 3.528, 95% CI 1.104–5.074), and duration of surgery ≥180 minutes (OR 1.334, 95% CI 1.015–1.923) were independent risk factors of lower respiratory tract infections. Conclusions Older patients undergoing general anesthesia after tracheal intubation have a high risk of lower respiratory tract infections. Clinical interventions should be provided to prevent pulmonary infections in patients with relevant risk factors.

scholarly journals A study on distribution pattern of lower respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years in a tertiary care centre

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Srinivasa S. ◽  
Shruthi Patel
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
The Common ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Respiratory infections are the leading cause of mortality in children below 5 years in India as well as worldwide. 16% mortality in children below 5 years is attributed to lower respiratory tract infection. Various factors influence the occurrence of the disease like environmental factors, lack of immunization, malnutrition. Present study was conducted to know the distribution pattern of lower respiratory tract infections, common pathogens associated with respiratory infections and risk factors associated with it. Methods: This study was conducted in Department of Pediatrics, KIMS Bangalore for a period of 1 year from January 2016 to December 2016. Total of 172 children admitted to ward and ICU with history suggestive of respiratory infection were included in the study after excluding congenital heart problems, congenital lung problems and immunodeficiency state.Results: In the present study, male predominance (59.3%) was observed. The incidence of respiratory tract infection was 17.5%. The common pathogen isolated was streptococcus pneumoniae. Most common respiratory infections included bronchopneumonia followed by bronchiolitis, croup, and lobar pneumonia. The common symptoms were cough, fever and hurried breathing. Anemia was observed in majority of them. Conclusion: Respiratory infections if timely managed, the mortality associated with it can be reduced. Pneumonia is a major killer disease in children below 5 years in India. Understanding the symptoms and signs and time of referral to tertiary centre not only reduces the mortality but it also reduces morbidity. So, it is important to create awareness among the health care personnel regarding common age of presentation of various types of respiratory infection and warning sign. 

scholarly journals Pola Sensitivitas Bakteri Penyebab Infeksi Saluran Napas Bawah Non Tuberkulosis Terhadap Kotrimoksazol di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode 1 Januari 2012 – 31 Desember 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inez Amelinda ◽  
Aziz Djamal ◽  
Elly Usman
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstrakPenyakit infeksi saluran napas, terutama Infeksi Saluran Napas Bagian Bawah (ISPB) non tuberkulosis merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sering dihadapi. Penegakan diagnosis secara tepat dan tepat serta pemilihan antibiotika berdasarkan uji sensitivitas akan sangat membantu dalam tatalaksana penyakit. Kotrimoksazol merupakan antibiotika lini pertama dan banyak digunakan dibeberapa puskesmas sebagai salah satu pengobatan infeksi saluran napas bawah non tuberkulosis.Tujuannya untuk mengetahui bakteri penyebab infeksi saluran napas bawah serta sensitivitasnya terhadap kotrimoksazol. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif yang bersifat cross-sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 671 permintaan pemeriksaan mikrobiologis yang mencantumkan diagnosis klinis sebagai infeksi saluran napas bawah non tuberkulosis, sebagian besar ditegakkan diagnosis pneumonia (87,78%), diikuti oleh bronkiektasis (5,96%), bronkitis kronis (4,32%), dan bronkitis akut (1,94%). Selain itu, dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bakteri penyebab terbanyak infeksi saluran napas bawah non tuberkulosis yang utama adalah Klebsiella pneumoniae (51,92%), Streptococcus α hemolyticus (17,78%), dan Pseudomonas sp. (9,25%). Persentase sensitivitas bakteri penyebab infeksi saluran napas bawah terhadap kotrimoksazol sebesar 18,78%.Kata kunci: infeksi saluran napas bawah non tuberkulosis, bakteri penyebab, sensitivitas, kotrimoksazolAbstractRespiratory tract infections diseases, especially lower respiratory tract infections non tuberculosis is a health problem that is often encountered. Proper diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic selection based on testing and sensitivity will be helpful in the treatment of disease. Co-trimoxazole is a first-line antibiotic and widely used in several health centers as one of the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections non tuberculosis.The goal of this research was to discover which bacterium causes lower respiratory tract infection and its sensitivity to Cotrimoxazole. This research was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The results of research showed that there were 671 requests for microbiological examination which included a clinical diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infectionas non-tuberculosis, most revealed clinical sign as pneumonia (87,78%), followed by bronchiectasis (5,96%), chronicbronchitis (4,32%), and acutebronchitis (1,94%). Besides that, according to the research result, bacteria that cause lower respiratory tract infection are Klebsiella pneumoniae (51,92%), Streptococcus α hemolyticus (17,78%), and Pseudomonas sp. (9,25%). All the bacteria has 18,78% sensitivity to cotrimoxazole.Keywords:lower respiratory tract infection, bacteria, sensitivity, cotrimoxazole.

Clinical efficacy and safety of silver nanoparticlebased disinfectant combined with piperacillin sodium and sulbactam sodium in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 756-761
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Li ◽  
Lina Sheng ◽  
Juncai Tu ◽  
Lianqing Lou
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Experimental Group

This study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of piperacillin sulbactam in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections, as well as the efficacy of silver nanoparticle-based disinfectant in equipment disinfection to reduce exogenous infection. From May 2018 to November 2018, 100 patients that had been diagnosed with a lower respiratory tract infection and hospitalized were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was given piperacillin/sulbactam, and the control group was given mezlocillin/sulbactam, where 5.0 g was added to 100 mL of normal saline and administered via intravenous drip twice a day over a treatment course of 14 days. The cure rate of the experimental and control groups were 65.22% and 56.52% respectively. The efficacy rate was 91.30% and 91.30% respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The results indicated that piperacillin/sulbactam is a safe, effective treatment for lower respiratory tract infections in elderly patients, the equipment was sterilized with silver nanoparticle-based disinfectant to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions and exogenous infections.

scholarly journals Levels of Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-4 Are Inversely Related to the Levels of Their Corresponding Autoantibodies in Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 3051-3054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rihab ElKarim ◽  
Carl Granert ◽  
Lars Lindquist ◽  
Hans Link ◽  
Moiz Bakhiet
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Fab Fragments ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT To study the involvement of cytokines and their corresponding autoantibodies (Aabs) in inflammatory mechanisms in patients with lower respiratory tract infections, blood samples were taken from patients at the time of admission to the hospital and before treatment. Cell-released capturing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) produced spontaneously by peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC). ELISA was used to measure Aabs to these cytokines in sera. The levels of both cytokines were inversely related to the levels of their corresponding Aabs. While a high level of IFN-γ was observed together with a low level of anti-IFN-γ Aab, decreased IL-4 levels were observed with increased levels of Aabs to IL-4. Immunoglobulins were purified, digested to obtain Fab fragments, and tested for specificity and cross-reactivity. The Aabs and their Fab fragments were tested in cytokine biological assays and showed neutralizing effects. Our data demonstrated increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ and decreased release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 during early presentation of lower respiratory tract infection. The levels of these cytokines were inversely related to the levels of their corresponding Aabs that exhibited regulatory effects on the cytokine biological function in vitro.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Hyponatraemia among Elderly Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
B Raju ◽  
A Rishab ◽  
K Vikram ◽  
T Vaibhav ◽  
T Sharat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Decrease in serum sodium concentration is frequent observation among hospitalised elderly patients. The common causes for hyponatremia are degenerative physiology, dehydration, medications and infections. Hence the present study was undertaken to know the extent of hyponatremia among elderly with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of hyponatremia in lower respiratory tract infection among geriatric age group and to determine the association between severity of hyponatraemia and LRTI. Methods: This was hospital based cross sectional study carried out in the Department of General Medicine of a tertiary care teaching hospital situated in north Karnataka, India during November 2016 to May 2018. 100 elderly patients (age e” 60 years) with history of cough for more than four to five days, clinical findings and X-ray findings suggestive of LRTI, were selected for the study. Results: In the present study 59% comprised of male whereas females constituted 41%. The prevalence of hyponatraemia among elderly patients with LRTI was 45%. The most common cause of hyponatraemia was GI loss (vomiting) 53.33%, Euvolemic hyponatramia 51.11%. The mean age was 69.99±8.44 years. Most of the patients were aged between 61 to 70 years. .Hyponatraemia was not associated with sex, age and type of LRTI. Duration of hospital stay was significantly longer in patients with hyponatraemia compared to those who did not develop hyponatraemia. Conclusion: Hyponatraemia among elderly individuals with LRTI is higher as compared to other age group hence leading to prolonged duration of hospitalisation. Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2020; 31(1) : 13-17

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