Incidence of glucose level abnormalities in neonatal sepsis and its association with mortality

Background: Plasma glucose abnormalities were previously noted in neonatal sepsis, but data in neonates is limited and the association with mortality is not established. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of plasma glucose abnormalities among newborns with sepsis and their association with mortality.Methods: This was a prospective observational study including 50 neonates with suspected, probable and proven sepsis. Plasma glucose level was measured within 2 hours of admission and the patients were monitored till discharge or death. The patients were divided into hyperglycaemic, hypoglycaemic and normoglycemic subgroups as per the serum glucose levels.Results: Majority (56%) were noted to have normoglycemia, followed by hypoglycaemia in 32% and 12% had hyperglycaemic. Mortality in the hypoglycemic, hyperglycemic, and normoglycemic subgroups were 50.0, 33.3, and 7.2% respectively. Mortality was high in hyperglycemic patients compared to normoglycemic patients but the difference was not statistically significant between two groups, whereas the mortality was high in hypoglycemic patients compared to normoglycemic patients and the difference was statistically significant between two groups. A significant association was noted between hypoglycemia in neonatal sepsis with mortality.Conclusions: Altered glycemic status is common in neonatal sepsis. Mortality is higher among septic neonates with hypoglycemia. We conclude that majority of septic neonates had high mortality rate when plasma glucose levels were either >145 mg/dl or <45 mg/dl. This signifies the importance of plasma glucose estimation in cases of neonatal sepsis to improve mortality outcome.

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Blood glucose concentration measured in EDTA/F plasma and serum in a referral clinical laboratory in Nepal

Journal of Pathology of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jpn.v10i2.32351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1837-1841

Author(s):

Vivek Pant ◽

Keyoor Gautam ◽

Santosh Pradhan ◽

Devish Pyakurel ◽

Abha Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Sodium Fluoride ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Relative Reduction ◽

The Difference ◽

Glucose Estimation

Background: Sodium fluoride tubes or serum separator tubes are mostly used for blood glucose estimation in the clinical laboratories of Nepal. The study aimed to investigate the stability of glucose in samples collected in serum separator tubes and sodium fluoride/sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic tubes by comparing the glucose concentration at 30 minutes and 4 hours collected and handled differently to simulate prolonged sample transport between venipunctures, centrifugation, and measurement.Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from healthy volunteers into two different serum separator tubes and two different sodium fluoride/sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic tubes. Glucose concentration was measured at 30 minutes after venipuncture and compared with results from the same samples analyzed at four hours and with the results from tubes centrifuged with a delay of 4 hours. Differences between baseline and respective delayed analyzed glucose values for each tube type were tested using the Student’s paired t-test and Deming regression.Results: When comparing plasma glucose at 30 minutes, glycolysis caused a relative reduction of the glucose concentration in serum at 30 minutes of 3.1 %, which is only slightly less than at 4 hours (3.7 %). This is still substantially more than the reduction in plasma at 4 hours (1.3 %). Surprisingly, the difference between plasma glucose at 30 minutes and serum glucose at 4 hours was only 1.9% which is not clinically significant.Conclusions: The Na-F/Na2 EDTA tubes and serum separator tubes can be used interchangeably for analysis of blood glucose up to 4 hours if centrifuged within 30 minutes.

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Blood Glucose Levels May Aid the Decision for CT Scan in Minor Head Trauma

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2019/1065254 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

George A. Alexiou ◽

Athanasios Sotiropoulos ◽

Georgios D. Lianos ◽

Andreas Zigouris ◽

Dimitrios Metaxas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Head Trauma ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Common Mechanism ◽

Roc Curve Analysis ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Ct Findings ◽

Mechanism Of Trauma

Traumatic brain injury has been associated with increased blood glucose levels. In the present study, we set out to investigate if blood glucose level in mild head trauma could predict the need for CT. One hundred fifty-nine patients with minor TBI (GCS 13-15) and a mean age of44.8±23.8years were included in the study. The most common mechanism of trauma was falls. Patients with positive CT findings had significantly higher glucose levels than patients with negative CT findings. Using ROC curve analysis, serum glucose levels higher than 120 mg dl-1were the optimal cutoff value for the detection of patients with positive CT findings with a sensitivity of 74.4% and a specificity of 90.7%. Serum glucose level evaluation at presentation in the emergency department may aid CT decision-making in mild TBI.

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Seasonal changes in the cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic responses to temperature and hypoxia in the bullfrog rana catesbeiana

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.201.5.761 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 201 (5) ◽

pp. 761-768 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

P L Rocha ◽

L G S Branco

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Rana Catesbeiana ◽

Breathing Frequency ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

The Difference

We assessed seasonal variations in the effects of temperature on hypoxia-induced alterations in the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana by measuring the heart rate, arterial blood pressure, breathing frequency, metabolic rate, blood gas levels, acid-base status and plasma glucose concentration. Regardless of the season, decreased body temperature was accompanied by a reduction in heart and breathing frequencies. Lower temperatures caused a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure during all four seasons. Hypoxia-induced changes in breathing frequency were proportional to body temperature and were more pronounced during winter, less so during spring and autumn and even smaller during summer. Season had no effect on the relationship between hypoxia and heart rate. At any temperature tested, the rate of oxygen consumption had a tendency to be highest during summer and lowest during winter, but the difference was significant only at 35 degrees C. The PaO2 and pH values showed no significant change during the year, but PaCO2 was almost twice as high during winter than in summer and spring, indicating increased plasma bicarbonate levels. Lower temperatures were accompanied by decreased plasma glucose levels, and this effect was greater during summer and smaller during autumn. Hypoxia-induced hyperglycaemia was influenced by temperature and season. During autumn and winter, plasma glucose level remained elevated regardless of temperature, probably to avoid dehydration and/or freezing. In winter, the bullfrog may be exposed not only to low temperatures but also to hypoxia. These animals show temperature-dependent responses that may be beneficial since at low body temperatures the set-points of most physiological responses to hypoxia are reduced, regardless of the season. <P>

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Improvement of Blood Samples Preanalytic Management Alters the Clinical Results of Glucose Values: Population Study

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology ◽

10.1177/1932296818823780 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 284-289

Author(s):

Shlomi Codish ◽

Doron Amichay ◽

Maayan Yitshak-Sade ◽

Roni Gat ◽

Idit F. Liberty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Population ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Important Change ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Before And After ◽

Elevated Glucose ◽

Clinical Consequences ◽

The Difference

Background: Prolonged time elapsing between the blood drawing and separation of the cell mass may result in decreased sample glucose levels due to continuous glycolysis. This can lead to underdiagnoses of hyperglycemic states and overdiagnosis of hypoglycemia. We aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of shortened transit time and earlier centrifugation of laboratory specimens on reported glucose results and diagnosis of clinically significant hypoglycemia (<50 mg/dL) or elevated glucose levels (>100 mg/dL). Methods: We assessed all fasting-serum glucose tests from the adult population (190 767 subjects) without known diabetes residing in Southern Israel. Before and after intervention periods were compared: 268 359 blood tests were performed during 2009-2010, and 317 336 during 2012-2013. Results: While glucose levels were 94.17 mg/dL ± 14.12 in 2012-2013 versus 83.53 mg/dL ± 14.50 in 2009-2010 (12.75% ± 0.88 increase, P < .001), the difference in glycated hemoglobin levels was statistically significant but clinically negligible: 5.84% ± 0.56 in 2012-2013 versus 5.88% ± 0.56 in 2009-2010 (0.53% ± 0.78 decrease, P < .01). There was an increased likelihood of a glucose result to be above 100 mg/dL following intervention: 9.80% versus 25.90%, P < .001. For clinics distanced over 40 km from the laboratory, age-adjusted odds ratio value was 1.26 (95% CI 1.13, 1.41). The proportion of samples with hypoglycemia values decreased from 0.33% to 0.03% ( P < .001). Conclusions: We demonstrated an important change in glucose values over a two-year period following an improvement of the preanalytic processes. The intervention was related to an increase in the frequency of hyperglycemia results and a decrease in the number of hypoglycemia results. Future administrative projects should consider clinical consequences with involvement of all relevant stakeholders.

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Hyperglycemia and neurological outcome in patients with head injury

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1991.75.4.0545 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 545-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 243

Author(s):

Arthur M. Lam ◽

H. Richard Winn ◽

Bruce F. Cullen ◽

Nancy Sundling

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Neurological Outcome ◽

Vegetative State ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Serum Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Gcs Score ◽

Injured Patients

✓ To examine the relationship between serum glucose and the outcome of patients suffering from head injury, the authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical course of 169 patients admitted for treatment to Harborview Medical Center (a regional trauma center). All patients underwent craniotomy for evacuation of intracranial hematoma and/or placement of a subarachnoid bolt for intracranial pressure monitoring under general anesthesia. Patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 8 or less had significantly higher serum glucose levels than patients with GCS scores of 12 to 15 (mean ± standard error of the mean 192 ± 7 mg/dl vs. 130 ± 8 mg/dl or 10.7 ± 0.4 mmol/liter vs. 7.2 ± 0.4 mmol/liter) (p < 0.0001). Patients who subsequently remained in a vegetative state or died had significantly higher glucose levels both on admission and postoperatively than patients who had good outcome or moderate disability (217 ± 12 mg/dl vs. 167 ± 6 mg/dl or 12.1 ± 0.7 mmol/liter vs. 9.3 ± 0.3 mmol/liter on admission, and 240 ± 16 mg/dl vs. 156 ± 5 mg/dl or 13.3 ± 0.9 mmol/liter vs. 8.9 ± 0.3 mmol/liter postoperatively) (p < 0.0001). Among the more severely injured patients (GCS score ≤ 8), a serum glucose level greater than 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/liter) postoperatively is associated with a significantly worse outcome (p < 0.01). The authors conclude that severely head-injured patients frequently develop hyperglycemia and the elevated serum glucose level may aggravate ischemic insults and worsen the neurological outcome in such patients.

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Comparison of effects of restraint, cage transportation, anaesthesia and repeated bleeding on plasma glucose levels between mice and rats

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/002367798780599983 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 143-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

H. Tabata ◽

T. Kitamura ◽

N. Nagamatsu

Keyword(s):

Glucose Level ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Plasma Glucose Level ◽

Accurate Method ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

Apparent Effect ◽

Observable Effect ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Endogenous Glucose

We examined the effects of handling, cage transportation, anaesthesia and repeated bleeding on plasma glucose levels in mice and rats. Plasma glucose was determined using a compact glucose analyser Antsense®, which provides a quick and accurate method without the necessity for special specimen preparation. In mice, plasma glucose was significantly elevated after primary handling or cage transportation. Anaesthesia increased plasma glucose levels two-fold, whilst repeated bleeding induced a rapid but transient increase. However, it was found to be possible to sample plasma glucose levels at one-hour intervals without any apparent effect on plasma glucose level as a result of stress from the sampling procedure. In contrast, the same set of procedures i.e. handling, cage transportation and anaesthesia, when performed on rats, seemed to have small or no observable effect on levels of plasma glucose. These results show the importance of the sampling procedure when determining plasma glucose in mice. It is recommended that the procedure which causes the least influence on endogenous glucose levels should be the method of choice and that animals should be acclimatized to the procedure, by appropriate handling, prior to sampling.

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A Comparative Study of Effects of Different Grades of Maternal Established Diabetes Mellitus on Placental and Neonatal Weight

Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy ◽

10.3329/bja.v9i1.8150 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 53-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

AHMM Mawla Chowdhury ◽

Khondker Manzare Shamim ◽

Roxana Ferdousi ◽

Janah Ara Begum ◽

Laila Anjuman Banu

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Plasma Glucose Level ◽

Mean Value ◽

Placental Weight ◽

Control Mother ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Venous Plasma

Context: Aiming the effects of severity of diabetes mellitus on human placenta and the neonatal outcome, a quantitative study at the macroscopic level was designed. Material and Methods: Sixty post caesarean section human placentae were studied of which thirty were from mothers having established diabetes mellitus considered as EDM and thirty were from control mother having no diabetes mellitus. EDM mothers were treated with insulin. Venous plasma glucose level (fasting and 2 hours after breakfast) of the EDM mothers in 2nd and 3rd trimester were recorded and the mean of the values were calculated. Results: The values ranged from 5.93 to 10.10mmol/L and the mean was 7.28±0.99 m mol/L. The mothers having EDM were grouped according to the mean venous plasma glucose level. The mothers having a mean level up to 8.3 m mol/L and those having a level above 8.3 m mol/L were designated as the Low-EDM and High- EDM group respectively. Placental weight in Control, Low-EDM and High-EDM groups were 414.93±95.41, 403.83±68.53 gm and 446.33± 82.23gm respectively. The value showed lower mean value in Low-EDM group. The difference did not reach a significant level. The neonatal weight in Control, Low-EDM and High-EDM groups were 2958.33±537gm, 2997.91±540 gm and 3300.00±379 gm respectively. The weight of the neonates did show a tendency towards being heavier in EDM groups but did not reach the significant level. There was a significant positive correlation between the neonatal weight and placental weight in control and Low-EDM group. Key words: Established diabetes mellitus; Placenta; Neonates DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3329/bja.v9i1.8150 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy January 2011, Vol. 9 No. 1 pp 53-58

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Efek hipoglikemik tepung komposit (ubi jalar ungu, jagung kuning, dan kacang tunggak) pada tikus diabetes induksi streptozotocin

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia ◽

10.22146/ijcn.18859 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 119

Author(s):

Carolina Sisca Djunaidi ◽

Dian Rachmawanti Affandi ◽

Danar Praseptiangga

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Plasma Glucose Level ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Composite Flour ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Glucose Levels

Background: The composite flour (50% sweet potato, 30% corn, and 20% cowpea) had proven that it could substitute 100% wheat flour for biscuit making. Intake of antioxidants, dietary fiber, and protein, had been known to reduce plasma glucose level. Objective: To evaluate the effect of composite flour diet on plasma glucose levels, body weight and food consumption of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats.Method: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats aged ± 2 months (± 200 grams), were divided into three groups of ten rats. They were (1) non-diabetic standard diet (ND-STD), (2) diabetic (65 mg/kg of body weight by STZ induction) standard diet (D-STD), and (3) diabetic composite flour diet (1,5 g/100 g of body weight/day) (D-CFD), for 4 weeks, 3 days after STZ induction. The plasma glucose obtained from GOD-PAP method were determined before induction, after induction and every week during diet intervention.Results: Plasma glucose levels was significantly lower in D-CFD when compared with D-STD (p<0,05). The weight of D-STD was found to be significantly decreased as compared to ND-STD (p<0,05). There were no changes in food consumption of ND-STD, D-STD and D-CFD (p<0,05).Conclusion: The composite flour could reduce plasma glucose level in diabetic rats and did not give negative effects on body weight and food consumption.

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Improvement of glucose metabolism via mung bean protein consumption: A clinical trial of GLUCODIATM isolated mung bean protein in Japan

Functional Foods in Health and Disease ◽

10.31989/ffhd.v7i2.320 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 115 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mitsutaka Kohno ◽

Takayasu Motoyama ◽

Yuhko Shigihara ◽

Mai Sakamoto ◽

Hideo Sugano

Keyword(s):

Placebo Group ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽

Mung Bean ◽

Test Group ◽

Insulin Level ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Fasting Plasma ◽

Bean Protein

Background: The main component of mung bean protein, accounting for more than 80%, is 8Sα globulin. Its structure closely resembles that of soybean β-conglycinin. Thereby, the mung bean protein is expected to have similar physiological effects to those of β-conglycinin, but there is no clinical evidence for these effects.Purpose of this study: The aim of this study was to confirm the positive effects of mung bean protein (GLUCODIATM) on glucose metabolism in clinical trials.Method: This clinical study was conducted using a double-blind placebo-controlled design with 45 prediabetes patients.Results: Many of the subjects were pre-diabetes with blood glucose levels exceeding 140 mg/dL by 2-hour plasma glucose level. However, the initial mean fasting plasma glucose level was less than 100 mg/dL. Therefore, mung bean protein did not lower fasting plasma glucose levels. The test period extended from summer to autumn, and increased fasting plasma glucose levels in the placebo group were observed due to seasonal factors. However, this increase was suppressed in the test group. Similarly, the mean insulin level increased in the placebo group, but the increase was also suppressed in the test group. Among obese subjects with a high body mass index, significant increases in fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels in the placebo group were observed. In the comparison between the test and the placebo groups with the average elevation value, there was a significant difference in fasting blood glucose level and significant tendencies in insulin level and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance value between the two groups.Conclusion: Mung bean protein suppresses fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels. Consequently, it may have an inhibitory effect on insulin resistance, a trigger of metabolic syndrome.Key words: mung bean protein, insulin, obesity, body mass index, randomized clinical trial, seasonal variation.

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Glucose Level Estimation in Diabetes Mellitus By Saliva: A Bloodless Revolution

Romanian Journal Of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1515/rjim-2015-0032 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 248-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Vidya Kadashetti ◽

Rajendra Baad ◽

Neelima Malik ◽

K.M. Shivakumar ◽

Nupura Vibhute ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Whole Saliva ◽

Group 2 ◽

Set Up ◽

Group 1

Abstract Background. Diabetes mellitus is a massive, growing, silent epidemic that has the potential to cripple health services in all parts of the world. Currently, a diagnosis of diabetes is achieved by evaluating plasma glucose levels. Saliva offers some distinctive advantages. Whole saliva can be collected non-invasively and by individuals with limited training. The present study was aimed to estimate and correlate the plasma and salivary glucose levels in diabetic and non diabetic subjects, with special reference to age. Method. The study population consisted of three groups: Group 1 consisted of diabetics with BGL>200mg/dl and Group 2 consisted of diabetics with BGL 130-200mg/dl based on their random plasma glucose levels. Group 3 consisted of healthy population as controls with BGL <130 mg/dl. 2 ml of peripheral blood was collected for the estimation of random plasma glucose levels and unstimulated saliva was collected for the estimation of salivary glucose Results. The salivary glucose levels were significantly higher in group 1 and group 2 diabetics when compared with controls. The salivary glucose levels show a significant correlation with plasma glucose levels between study populations, suggesting that salivary glucose levels can be used as a monitoring tool for predicting glucose level in diabetic patients. Conclusion. The present study found that estimation of salivary glucose levels can be used as a noninvasive, painless technique for the measurement of diabetic status of a patient in a dental set up.

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