scholarly journals A prevalence study of vaginal candidiasis among pregnant women

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 922
Author(s):  
Pooja Sutaria ◽  
Meera Cholera ◽  
Shilpa B. Donga
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Colonial Morphology ◽  
Careful Management

Background: Pregnancy is associated with specific anatomical, physiological and immunological changes that can predispose to infection and also alter the response to the disease process. Infections in pregnancy demands prompt adequate and careful management. The disease process as well as the treatment protocol may have profound effects on the outcome of pregnancy. Pregnant women frequently develop vaginal discharge which can lead to complications during pregnancy like abortions, premature birth, low birth weight and other morbidities. Some of the infections may be serious and life threatening for the mother while others may seriously jeopardize the fetus or neonate leaving the mother asymptomatic. The aim and objective of this study was based on the present study was aimed to study the prevalence of vaginal candidiasis among pregnant patients who were visited in outdoor patient’s department of Prasutitantra and Streeroga.Methods: About 135 high vaginal swabs were collected from the women who carrying 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy with symptoms of vaginal infection. These samples were tested under microscopic examination and culture on Mac Conkey agar, blood agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar respectively. Colonial morphology, wet/K.O.H. preparation, gram staining, germ tube test, were carried out for identification of the isolated organisms.Results: Out of 135 samples collected, 61 (45.18%) patients were shown positive fungal infection of candidial species. The age group showing the highest number of positive candidiasis was of 20 to 25 years. Multigravida (60%) were more commonly affected than primigravida (40%) and commonly seen in third trimester (67.41%).Conclusions: Vaginal Candidiasis was common in pregnant women with more common in young adults.

scholarly journals Comparison of Various Culture Methods for Isolation of Group B Streptococcus from Intrapartum Vaginal Colonization

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha P Konikkara ◽  
Shrikala Baliga ◽  
Suchitra M Shenoy ◽  
B Bharati
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Sheep Blood Agar ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Sheep Blood ◽  
Vaginal Colonization ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Aims: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the most common causes of neonatal sepsis throughout the world. Reports of vaginal colonization of GBS in India are few and variable. A study was conducted on pregnant women in a tertiary care hospital to compare various methods for isolation of GBS, to study the prevalence of GBS in pregnant women in third trimester, and to determine risk factors for GBS colonization. Settings and Design: Observational descriptive study. Materials and Methods: High vaginal swabs from 150 pregnant women in their third trimester were used to compare three methods for isolation of GBS viz. direct culture on 5% Sheep Blood agar, direct culture on selective Columbia Blood Agar and culture in LIM enrichment broth with subsequent culture on 5% Sheep Blood agar. A history of associated risk factors was also taken. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed by Chi–square test. Results: Isolation was best from LIM enrichment broth with subsequent culture on 5% Sheep Blood Agar. Prevalence of GBS colonization by using culture method was 12.67%. Most frequently associated risk factor was intrapartum fever (42.11%). Conclusions: Standard Culture Method using LIM enrichment should be adopted as standard practice for isolation of GBS from vaginal swabs.

Management of Upapluta Yonivyapad (Vulvovaginitis) during Pregnancy - A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Karishma Kapoor ◽  
Dr.Padmasaritha K ◽  
Dr. Ramesh M
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Immunological Changes ◽  
Pathological Pregnancy ◽  
Careful Management ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pregnant women commonly develop increased vaginal discharge, which in many instances is not pathological. Pregnancy is associated with specific anatomical, physiological and immunological changes that can predispose to infection and also alter the response to the disease process. Infections in pregnancy demands prompt adequate and careful management. Vulvovaginitis during pregnancy may be considered under the umbrella of Upapluta Yonivyapad. Pregnant women are more prone to vulvovaginitis which is a great challenge for obstetricians today. In Ayurveda, Upapluta Yonivyapad described by Acharaya Charaka, Sharangadhara and both Vagbhata can be compared to vulvovaginitis during pregnancy. Here Panchawalkala Kwatha Prakshalna followed by Jatyadi Taila Pichu externally and Tab Leukol internally has been used to correct Garbhini Upapluta.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection among antenatal women

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1768
Author(s):  
Nishita Shettian ◽  
Shetty Theertha Shankar ◽  
Manjunath Kamath Ammembal
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Group B

Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection in pregnant women is a major concern as it causes septicemia in neonates which is fatal and potentially life threatening. Objectives of present study were to study the distribution of Group B streptococcus infection among pregnant women at term, to understand if penicillin is still effective as the drug of choice, to determine the alternate drug of choice in women with Group B streptococcus infection if resistant to penicillin and analyze the proportion of Group B Streptococcus infection as a vaginal commensal.Methods: This is a hospital based prospective study comprising of 350 pregnant women at term gestation. Vaginal swabs as well as neonatal nasal swabs following delivery were collected under aseptic precautions and sent for culture and sensitivity.Results: Vaginal swab culture reports of 308 women out of 350 showed a growth. Candida albicans (23.8%), Enterococcus (5.6%), Escherichia coli (4.2%), MRSA (4.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (1.4%) and Group B Streptococcus (1.4%) were the organisms isolated. Penicillin is still the drug of choice for group B Streptococcal infection in antenatal women with Linezolid being the alternate drug of choice. None of the neonatal nasal swabs revealed any growth on culture and sensitivity.Conclusions: This study does not recommend routine screening for Group B Streptococcus in all pregnant women unless they have a positive history in previous pregnancies. Our study also revealed various other organisms which could be responsible for increasing the risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of antenatal vulvovaginal candidiasis: our experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arul Anne Rose S. ◽  
Sony Paul ◽  
Iyanar Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: The objective of our study is to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and influence of maternal age, parity or trimester on its occurrence among pregnant women, attending the antenatal clinic in our teaching hospital. It helps us to understand the magnitude of the problem in our region and to implement the necessary treatment modalities to reduce the preterm births attributed to vaginal candidiasis.Methods: It was a hospital based prospective study over a period of six months. High vaginal swabs were collected from the pregnant patients after getting consent and sent for culture. Candida positive cases were noted and results were analysed.Results: A total of 200 high vaginal swabs were collected and reported in our study. Among them 108 swabs were positive for Candida growth (54%) and 92 swabs were negative for growth (46%). Culture positive patients clinical details were analyzed and statistical significance was noted (based on age group, parity and trimester).Conclusions: Our study concluded that candidiasis is more prevalent in pregnant women but there was no statistical significance in occurrence of vaginal candidiasis among various age groups, parity or trimester. Hence it is better to screen all the patients in I/ early II trimester in order to find out and treat positive cases early to prevent preterm births attributed to vaginal candidiasis.

scholarly journals Antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida spp. isolated from vaginal discharge of pregnant women

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Risks Factors

Vaginal candidiasis is common fungal infections among pregnant women. The aim of this study is to determine antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida spp. isolated from vaginal discharge and to investigate possible risk factors associated with Candida infection. One hundred high vaginal swabs were collected from pregnant women complaining from abnormal discharge from various clinics in Gaza city, during 2019. Samples were plated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar supplemented with chloramphenicol. Candida isolates were identified to the Genus level based on cultural and morphological characteristic. The susceptibility to seven antifungals was determined using disc diffusion method. Demographic, environmental, behavioral and other possible risks factors associated with vaginal candidiasis were recorded through an interview with patients before collecting the vaginal swabs and after obtaining a verbal consent. Data analysis was done using the SPSS software. Candida spp. was isolated from 43% of vaginal swabs of pregnant women with discharge. Variations existed in the susceptibilities of the different Candida isolates to antifungals. Amphotericin B the most effective with 0% resistance followed by itraconzaol and nystatin with 9.4% resistance. Resistance to miconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole and fluconazole was 11.6%. Statistically significant symptoms associated with positive Candida spp. cultures among pregnant women included; redness of vaginal area, secretions, yeast-like smell, urinary urgency, low sexual desire, itching and irritation (p ≤ 0.05). No statistical significance difference with regard to burning urinary sensation and painful intercourse. Candida spp. was isolated from 43% of vaginal swabs from pregnant women. Risks factors should be minimized by patient education and routine testing of pregnant women.

scholarly journals Synergistic effect of tea tree oil on fungi causing vaginal thrush in pregnant women

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Mariam T. Dahham ◽  
Abd alkarim F. Omar ◽  
Batol I. Dheeb
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
The Third ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Vaginal Thrush

        Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC), or Vaginal thrush, is a vaginitis caused by the overgrowth of some opportunistic yeasts of the genus Candida spp. Australian Tea Tree Oil (TTO) is one of the most important essential oils that contain many compounds that are effective against many bacteria and fungi, which may match the effect of common antibiotics.        Objective: The aim of this study was to isolate and diagnose fungi that causing vaginal thrush, in pregnant women and to study the effect of (pregnancy and pregnancy sequence and age) on the rate of infection compared to non-pregnant, as well as to study the drug sensitivity of isolates towards a number of antifungal and compared that with the inhibitory effectiveness of tea tree oil.        Material and Methods: 75 vaginal swabs from pregnant women and 50 from non-pregnant women were collected at ages ranging from 17-65 years. The isolates were diagnosed using several methods, including the Vitek2 Compact system. 17 isolates were selected to study the inhibitory effect of ten antifungal agents, six of them were automatically tested by the Vitek 2 compact system, which contains a sensitivity test kit (AST-YS07 Card). The essential oil (TTO) was analyzed by GC-MS to detect its content of active compounds. The inhibitory effect of TTO was studied according to "Broth dilution" method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for it, the inhibitory effect of four concentrations of TTO (100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5 %) was also tested according to "well diffusion" method. This investigation also included a study of the mechanism of action (TTO).         RESULTS: The rate of infection among pregnant women was (41%) with the highest rate of infection during the third trimester of pregnancy, while the percentage of non-pregnant women was only 8%. Vaginal infection was also prevalent in the age group ranged between (17-29 years).The isolates showed resistance to (Ketoconazol, Terbinafine) while they were sensitive to (Nystatin, clotrimazol), as well as sensitive to all antifungal of (AST-YS07 Card). The analysis of the TTO using chromatogram showed that it contains 32 chemical compounds, most of them are monoterpene like (Terpinen-4-ol, 1, 8-Cineol). The MIC of TTO ranged between (4 - < 2 µl/ ml). The function of TTO is to destroy the structural structure of the cell membrane and change its permeability, thereby leakage of cellular components and cell death.        Conclusion: Pregnancy increases the rate of vaginal candidiasis in women, especially during the third trimester. TTO is highly effective in inhibiting the growth of opportunistic candida yeasts.         

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ULTRASOUND IN PREVENTING THE LIFE-THREATENING EMERGENCIES ASSOCIATED WITH REPEATED CESAREAN SECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Sucu Roxana ◽  
Bordeianu Ion
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Uterine Rupture ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cesarean Scar ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Life Threatening

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the hysterorrhaphy scar is an extremely important element in current obstetrical practice, especially in patients who still want a future pregnancy. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the ultrasound findings of the cesarean scar in the third trimester of pregnancy that can reduce the life-threatening emergencies caused by repeated cesarean section such as uterine rupture of abnormal placental adhesions. We conducted a prospective study that included patients who gave birth by caesarean section and presented at a subsequent pregnancy to be monitored during pregnancy. The study was realized during 2016-2020at the Bucur Maternity Hospital, 'Saint John', Bucharest.  A number of 57 patients were included in the analyzed group. A number of 12 pregnant women (21%) monitored both in weeks 30-34 and intraoperatively presented contractions and areas of dehiscence, while 30 (52.6%) pregnant women showed neither contractions nor areas of dehiscence. Women with contractions had an average scar thickness measured in the third trimester of 3.81 mm (SD 1.62, CI: [3.32; 4.30]), and those without contractions a thickness of 4.58 mm (SD 1.25, CI: [3.78; 5.37]. Intraoperatively we identified 3 cases with incomplete uterine rupture. Those cases were previously diagnosed with hysterorraphy scar between 0.15-0.5 cm. The repeated ultrasound evaluation of the cesarean scar is a good predictive factor for the intraoperative quality of the cesarean scar. With the third trimester ultrasound measurement of the uterine scar thickness, the uterine rupture may be avoided.

scholarly journals A study to identify the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in second trimester

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2647
Author(s):  
Rashmi Kruthipati ◽  
Radhika Chethan ◽  
Anitha Gabbalkaje Shiva ◽  
Sukanya Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Vaginal Swabs

Background: Vaginal candidial infections are due to excessive growth of Candida. These are normally present in the vagina in small numbers. Vaginal infections are typically caused by the yeast species Candida albicans. It is found that candidial infection increases the risk of preterm labour. Aims and objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and influence of maternal age, parity and weeks of 2nd trimester on its occurrence among pregnant women in 2nd trimester, attending the antenatal clinic in our hospital.Methods: A prospective study conducted in BMCRI for a period of 3 months (October 2019-December 2019) on patients in second trimester. Consent of patients taken. High vaginal swabs were collected from the pregnant patients in second trimester and sent for culture. Candida positive cases were noted and results were analysed.Results: A total of 100 high vaginal swabs were collected and reported in our study. Among them 54 swabs were positive for Candida growth (54%) and 46 swabs were negative for growth (46%). Culture positive patients’ clinical details were analysed and tabulated.Conclusions: Our study concluded that candidiasis is more prevalent in pregnant women but there was no statistical significance in occurrence of vaginal candidiasis among various age groups, parity or trimester. Hence it is better to screen all the patients in I early II trimester in order to find out and treat positive cases early to prevent preterm births attributed to vaginal candidiasis.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN LEUKOSIT DAN PROTEIN URINE PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III DI PUSKESMAS KLAMPIS BANGKALAN MADURA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Andreas Putro Ragil Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Relationship

Most pregnant women give birth normally, but 15% of cases are life-threatening complications including preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is marked by an increase in proteinuria, whereas protein is closely related to leukocytes because the breakdown of proteins into amino acids is carried out by enzymes present in leukocytes, especially neutrophil cells. This study aims to determine the relationship between urine leukocyte levels and protein in urine in third trimester pregnant women. The research design used was analytic observation with a cross sectional approach. The study population was 35 Trimester III pregnant women in Madura klampis puskesmas, then determined based on the formula Slovin found 31 Trimester III pregnant women. The sampling technique is done using probability sampling technique. The results of research conducted based on the chi square test showed that the significance of p> 0.05 was 0.111 which showed that there was no relationship between leukocytes and urine protein in third trimester pregnant women.

scholarly journals Assessment of different methods for diagnosis of Group B streptococci during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Rashwan
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Latex Agglutination Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Kappa Value

Objectives: To compare the different diagnostic techniques used to detect GBS colonization in pregnant women in late third trimester after thirty five weeks and to detect the frequency of GBS colonization among a sample of pregnant Egyptian women. Patients and methods: Vaginal swabs from the lower third of vagina were collected from 100 pregnant women in the late third trimester. Isolation of the organism by culture on selective media and confirmation by latex agglutination test and detection of CAMP factor by conventional PCR were compared. GBS isolates were tested by double disk diffusion method and D-zone test simultaneously for susceptibility to erythromycin and clindamycin and inducible clindamycin resistance for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP). Results: 25 participants (25%) were positive for GBS by culture in Lim broth with subculture onto TSA supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood, while 75 participants (75%) were negative. Of the 25 GBS isolates, 19 (76%) were sensitive to erythromycin, 3 (12%) were intermediate and 3 (12%) were resistant. Of the 25 GBS isolates, 15 (60%) were sensitive to clindamycin, 2 (8%) were intermediate and 8 (32%) were resistant. Fourteen isolates (56%) were sensitive to both erythromycin and clindamycin whereas 3 (12%) were resistant to both (cMLSB). Latex agglutination test for GBS detection from the 24 hours incubated Lim broth was positive in 25 cases (25%). GBS was detected in 9 cases (9%) by the conventional PCR assay done directly from vaginal swabs specimens. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for latex agglutination from the inoculated broth and PCR assay are 100%, 100%, 100%, 100% and 36%, 100%, 100%, 82.4% respectively. Latex agglutination test from the inoculated broth showed a statistically significant perfect agreement (100.0%) with culture with Kappa value 1.0 and 95% CI (1.0 – 1.0). PCR assay also showed a statistically significant but moderate agreement (84.0%) with culture with Kappa value 0.458 and 95% CI (0.253 – 0.662). Conclusion: Detection of GBS colonization by latex agglutination test from incubated selective broth directly is comparable to the gold standard (culture) as regards accuracy. PCR offers a rapid and highly specific method for detection of GBS colonization especially in intrapartum settings for administration of IAP in non-screened pregnant females; however, sensitivity is low resulting in a low NPV.

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