scholarly journals A study to identify the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in second trimester

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2647
Author(s):  
Rashmi Kruthipati ◽  
Radhika Chethan ◽  
Anitha Gabbalkaje Shiva ◽  
Sukanya Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Vaginal Swabs

Background: Vaginal candidial infections are due to excessive growth of Candida. These are normally present in the vagina in small numbers. Vaginal infections are typically caused by the yeast species Candida albicans. It is found that candidial infection increases the risk of preterm labour. Aims and objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and influence of maternal age, parity and weeks of 2nd trimester on its occurrence among pregnant women in 2nd trimester, attending the antenatal clinic in our hospital.Methods: A prospective study conducted in BMCRI for a period of 3 months (October 2019-December 2019) on patients in second trimester. Consent of patients taken. High vaginal swabs were collected from the pregnant patients in second trimester and sent for culture. Candida positive cases were noted and results were analysed.Results: A total of 100 high vaginal swabs were collected and reported in our study. Among them 54 swabs were positive for Candida growth (54%) and 46 swabs were negative for growth (46%). Culture positive patients’ clinical details were analysed and tabulated.Conclusions: Our study concluded that candidiasis is more prevalent in pregnant women but there was no statistical significance in occurrence of vaginal candidiasis among various age groups, parity or trimester. Hence it is better to screen all the patients in I early II trimester in order to find out and treat positive cases early to prevent preterm births attributed to vaginal candidiasis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of antenatal vulvovaginal candidiasis: our experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arul Anne Rose S. ◽  
Sony Paul ◽  
Iyanar Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: The objective of our study is to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and influence of maternal age, parity or trimester on its occurrence among pregnant women, attending the antenatal clinic in our teaching hospital. It helps us to understand the magnitude of the problem in our region and to implement the necessary treatment modalities to reduce the preterm births attributed to vaginal candidiasis.Methods: It was a hospital based prospective study over a period of six months. High vaginal swabs were collected from the pregnant patients after getting consent and sent for culture. Candida positive cases were noted and results were analysed.Results: A total of 200 high vaginal swabs were collected and reported in our study. Among them 108 swabs were positive for Candida growth (54%) and 92 swabs were negative for growth (46%). Culture positive patients clinical details were analyzed and statistical significance was noted (based on age group, parity and trimester).Conclusions: Our study concluded that candidiasis is more prevalent in pregnant women but there was no statistical significance in occurrence of vaginal candidiasis among various age groups, parity or trimester. Hence it is better to screen all the patients in I/ early II trimester in order to find out and treat positive cases early to prevent preterm births attributed to vaginal candidiasis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in the middle belt of Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Gyasi Konadu ◽  
Alex Owusu-Ofori ◽  
Zuwera Yidana ◽  
Farrid Boadu ◽  
Louisa Fatahiya Iddrisu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Vaginal Infection ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Vaginal infections usually caused by Candida sp, organisms responsible for bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas vaginalis are associated with considerable discomfort and adverse outcomes during pregnancy and child birth. The study determined the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), bacterial vaginosis (BV) and trichomoniasis (TV) in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the Kintampo Municipal Hospital. Methods A study adopted a cross sectional design and recruited 589 pregnant women after seeking their informed consent from September, 2014 to March, 2015. Semi-structured questionnaire were administered to participants and vaginal swabs were collected. The samples were analysed using wet mount method and Gram stain (Nugent criteria) for vaginal infection. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to investigate association of risk factors to vaginal infections. Results The overall prevalence of at least one vaginal infection was 56.4%. The prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis were 36.5, 30.9 and 1.4% respectively. Women with more than four previous pregnancies (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.13–0.58) and those in the third trimester of pregnancy (OR: 0.54, CI: 0.30–0.96) were associated with a lower risk of bacterial vaginosis. Douching and antibiotic use were neither associated with VVC or BV. Conclusion The prevalence of vaginal infections was high among pregnant women in the Kintampo area. There is the need for interventions such as adequate investigations and early treatment of vaginal infections to reduce the disease burden to avoid associated complications.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Candida Albicans in Genital Tract of Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic of Nepalgunj Medical College Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Maya Rai ◽  
T. P. Poudel ◽  
K. Gurung ◽  
G. P. Neupane ◽  
Durga B.C.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sugar Fermentation ◽  
Vaginal Swabs

Introduction: Pregnancy is one of the important risk factor for occurrence of vaginal candidiasis which may lead to pregnancy complications like abortions, premature birth, low birth weight and other morbidities. It is essential to know pattern of distribution of the species of Candida that are pathogenic. Aim and Objective: To identify prevalence of Candida albicans in the genital tract of pregnant women. Materials and Methods: Total of 100 vaginal swabs were collected from 100 pregnant women attending at antenatal clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics department for a period of six months from March 2017 to August 2017. Gram's staining and inoculation onto Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium were done for general identification of yeast and to isolate the positive cases. The specifications of Candida species was done on the basis of sugar fermentation, carbohydrate assimilation, production of germ tube in fresh human serum, formation of chlamydospore on Cornmeal agar and colour of colony on CHRO Magar. Results: Out of 100 high vaginal swabs 40(40%) samples were positive for Candida. Of these positive samples, Candida albicans was isolated in 52.5% of pregnant women. Candida albicans was most commonly isolated in the age group of 25-29(38.09%), in third trimester of pregnancy and in the multigravidae. Conclusions: High prevalence of Candida albicans species among pregnant women were documented in this study. Our results indicate that gravidity, as the risk factor for occurrence of infection, has the significant role in the occurrence of vaginal candidiasis.

scholarly journals Population-based survey of HIV sero-status and vertical transmission among naive pregnant women in Sokoto, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiekumo Igbida Buseri ◽  
Charity Ngozi Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: This study aims at investigating the seroprevalence of HIV infection among status naive pregnant women and probable vertical transmission in Sokoto, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 13,026 apparently healthy pregnant women aged between 14 and 45 years and 312 mother-baby pairs in 4 different hospital settings in Sokoto State, North West, Nigeria between March, 2011 and February, 2013. The babies were aged between 8 and 16 months. HIV screening was performed using qualitative rapid tests and ELISA and HIV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Measurement of CD4+ T-lymphocytes was carried out by the BD FACScount System. All seropositive pregnant women were immediately placed on triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) throughout the duration of the pregnancy and beyond.Results: An overall 2.4% prevalence of HIV-1 infection among the pregnant women and 20.5% incident of mother-to-child transmission were found. Of the seropositive pregnant women, 75.0% were full-time house wives, 13.8% and 11.2% were traders and civil servants respectively; of which, 70.2% were within the ages of 14 and 27 years (youthful predominance). Pearson’s χ2analysis did not show any statistically significant difference in the Mean values in the 4 health facilities (χ2 =2.084, df=3, P-value=0.555). Similarly, no significant difference in HIV seropositivity in the demographic data of the pregnant women were observed (P>0.05). Infection was recorded in all age groups but there was no statistical significance between age groups and infection (P = 0.833). Of the 64 seropositive babies, 62 (92.5%) contracted HIV from antiretroviral therapy non-adherence mothers (χ2 =271.457, df=1, P<0.01), OR=1506.6 (95%CI=285.5-7950.4). Conclusion: This study found high prevalence of vertical transmission due to ART non-adherence. Intervention initiatives should, therefore, focus seriously on ART non-adherence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11530Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 49-57  

scholarly journals Screening and Risk Factor Associated with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yugandhara Hingankar ◽  
Vaishali Taksande
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Yeast Infection ◽  
Vaginal Thrush ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is also known as vaginal yeast infection and candida vulvovaginitis there is excessive growth of yeast in vagina which leads to vaginal thrush. The sign and symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis includes severe vaginal discharge and itching. The symptoms get more before menstruation. The other symptoms show pain during sex, burning urination and redness over vagina. This infection mostly occurs due to excessive amount of growth of candida. According to research in all around 75% of total women suffer from vaginal candidiasis once in their lifetime and around 5% of the women suffer from twice or thrice. The preventive measures include wearing cotton undergarment rather than wearing synthetic and wearing loose cotton cloths. Objective: This study is planned to assess screening and risk factors associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women. Methodology: The Descriptive Evaluatory Research Design used for data collection procedure will be required 1 week per plan. 7-8 High vaginal swab are taken from gynae Opd in a day accordingly data will be collected. The number of pregnant women will be taken from Gynae Opd who come for check-up on the regular basis. Soon after their check-up written consent form will be given and sample will be collected. Then interview will be taken with the following questionnaires prepared according to the risk factors assessment scale. The pregnant women will be selected non-Probability convenient sampling technique. Conclusion: Reproductive age group women have more risk of developing vulvovaginal candidiasis, because of High oestrogen levels cause an increased glycogen load in epithelium, which is a nutritional source for growth of candida & germination. Vulvovaginal candidiasis the most common gynaecologic diagnosis in the primary care setting. So, the available statistics say that there is a need for the study regarding the assessment and screening of vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women.

scholarly journals Group B streptococcus colonisation in pregnant women at Dr. George Mukhari Hospital, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
M. C. Monyama ◽  
J. Y. Bolukaoto ◽  
M. O. Chukwu ◽  
M. R.B. Maloba ◽  
S. R. Moyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Enrichment Broth ◽  
Colonisation Rate ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Group B

The aim of the study was to estimate group B streptococcus (GBS) colonisation in pregnant mothers using selective enrichment broth and solid media for culturing GBS. Vaginal and rectal swabs were collected from 413 pregnant women for GBS culture at recruitment stage. Direct plating and enrichment broth culture methods were compared by using the same swab samples. The swabs were cultured on colistin nalidixic agar (CNA) plate and incubated at 37°C and examined after 18-24 h. The samples which were culture negative on a CNA agar plate were then inoculated into a Todd-Hewitt enrichment broth to recover any GBS present that was not recovered on the solid agar. With the CNA agar plate, the samples were cultured separately to enable identification of colonised sites such as vaginal sites or rectal sites. Rectal and vaginal swabs were inoculated into Todd-Hewitt enrichment broth at the same time in the same tube. The GBS colonisation rate in pregnant women was 30.9% (128/413). The CNA agar plate recovered 45.3% (58/128) of the GBS isolates, whereas 54.7% (70/128) isolates were recovered from Todd-Hewitt broth. Pregnant women of various ages were found to be at risk of GBS colonisation. The colonisation rate was however highest among women of 25–29 age groups as compared with other age groups. Detection of group B streptococcus improved when both rectal and vaginal swabs were collected for laboratory analysis. The simultaneous use of Todd-Hewitt broth and CNA plate also improved the yield of group B streptococcus.

scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE OF VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING SEVERAL HOSPITALS IN SANA’A, YEMEN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Humaid ◽  
Saeed M Alghalibi ◽  
Anes Al-Mahbashi ◽  
Aml AL-Arossi ◽  
Wadhah Hassan Edrees
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
E Mail

Candida species are opportunistic yeasts affecting the genitourinary tract which causes the vulvovaginal candidiasis in the most female especially in developing countries. This study aims to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida species causing among pregnant women in Sana'a City, Yemen. This study was carried out at the department of microbiology of AL-Kuwait University Hospital. 250 vaginal swabs were collected and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Candida species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing were determined according to standard microbiological methods. The results showed that out of 250 samples, 63(25.2%) were positive for Candida species. It was found that the C. albicans (68.3%) was the most common species isolated followed by non-albicans species that are C. tropicalis (20.6%), C. glabrata (6.3%), and C. kefyr (4.8%). Also, it was recorded that the highest prevalence of Candida species was within group aged of 36-46 year. Susceptibility tests revealed that the most isolated species of C. andida were sensitive to nystatin (95%). miconazole was the next effective drug with 64% sensitive followed by amphotericin B (29%) and clotrimazole (24%). But only 6% of the isolates were sensitive to fluconazole. It can be concluded that the vulvovaginal candidiasis are quite common in Yemen country with a high prevalence. Also, the nystatin remains the effective agent against all isolated of Candida species. In contrast, the increase resistance of Candida species to fluconazole that commonly used antifungal is an alarming increase of vaginal candidiasis caused by antifungal-resistant Candida species. Peer Review History: UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy Affiliation: Sana'a University, Yemen E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Dr. Tamer Mohamed Ali El Habibi Affiliation: Suez Canal University, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Rola Jadallah Affiliation: Arab American University, Palestine E-mail: [email protected] Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: AN EXHAUSTIVE STATISTIC ON CURRENT MUCOADHESIVE INTRAVAGINAL DRUG DELIVERY METHODOLOGIES TETANUS IMMUNIZATION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: COVERAGE RATE AND RATE OF PROTECTION AT TIME OF DELIVERY

scholarly journals Determinants of Anemia Among Pregnant Women Attending in a Tertiary Level Hospital, Kathmandu

Med Phoenix ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumitra Mulepati ◽  
Tanuja Kumari Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Level Hospital

Background: Anemia is a common problem in pregnancy, particularly in developing countries which causes low birth weight and increased risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was adopted to determine the factors associated with anemia among pregnant Systematic Random Sampling technique was used and sample size was 280 pregnant women who visited the antenatal clinic of the Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. Data was collected by face to face interview technique by pretested questionnaire. Chi-square, bivariate, multivariate logistic regression model was used, and statistical significance was determined with a 95% confidence level.Results: Mean age of respondents was 25.86±4.191 years. Anemia among pregnant women was 22.1%.The significant determinants associated with anemia were pregnant women who had not taken iron regularly (AOR=18.380, 95% CI=3.687-91.624, p=0.005).Conclusion: The results indicate that anemia is still prevalence in pregnant women in tertiary level hospital at Kathmandu. Irregular intake or discontinuation of iron was significant factor for anemia. Therefore, pregnant women and their family members need counseling about the importance of regular intake of iron during pregnancy.Med Phoenix Vol.2(1) July 2017, 24-33

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