scholarly journals Role of procalcitonin in viral and bacterial meningitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 947
Author(s):  
Nipun Saproo ◽  
Roma Singh
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Meningitis In Children ◽  
One Year

Background: Meningitis is one of the most common central nervous system infections by bacteria, virus or fungus encountered in infants and children.Early diagnosis of meningitis and differentiation of bacterial from non-bacterial/ viral meningitis tends to play an important role in the emergency management of children with suspected meningitis. While cerebrospinal fluid analysis is popular, along with biomarkers: C-reactive protein and white blood cell count, serum procalcitonin seems to offer an even better specificity.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional-study was conducted in department of neurology in collaboration with department of pathology, Medanta, Medicity, Gurugram, for a period of one year from March 2018 to 2019. 100 children aged 4 months to 12 years, with suspected meningitis were enrolled. The study group was further subdivided into two groups, based upon their bacteriological profile: bacterial meningitis and viral meningitis.Results: For both the groups, the common clinical presentations were fever (100% and 96.88%), convulsions (58.33% and 45.31%), vomiting (25% and 43.75%), The demographic and clinical profile of the 2 groups was largely comparable. Serum PCT levels were significantly higher in bacterial meningitis group compared to non-bacterial meningitis with p<0.001. The sensitivity of serum PCT was found to be 97% and superior to CRP in terms of accuracy in identification and to assess the severity. Procalcitonin is an ideal marker with highest accuracy for bacterial infections.Conclusions: Serum PCT can act as a more sensitive and specific diagnostic tool in early differentiation of bacterial from non-bacterial meningitis in children.

scholarly journals Comparison of Laboratory Profiles of Cerebrospinal Fluid among Bacterial and Viral Meningitis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Umme Habiba ◽  
Md Akram Hossain ◽  
Md Chand Mahmud ◽  
Md Sirajul Islam Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Ali Abdullah Rafique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Physical Findings

Background: Laboratory profiles are important markers for the detection of meningitis. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare of laboratory profiles of cerebrospinal fluid among bacterial and viral meningitis patients. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2010 to January 2012 for around 2 years. Clinically suspected patients with meningitis from paediatrics wards of MMCH, Mymensingh, Bangladesh were included in this study. On the basis of cytological tests and biochemical tests of CSF the study subjects were categorized into three groups, which were identified as bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis and normal CSF. After collection of CSF, physical examination, routine bed side culture and appropriate biochemical tests were performed. Tests for protein and glucose of CSF specimens were performed. Result: A total 115 clinically and laboratory confirmed meningitis patients were enrolled in this study. The most of the cases of study population were in the age group 1 month to 5 years 97(84.3%) cases. Regarding the physical findings of CSF, purulent was found 21(60.0%) cases in bacterial meningitis and 14 (40.0%) cases were slightly turbid. The mean with SD of total count of WBC was higher in bacterial meningitis (1623.1±1708.06/mm3) than viral meningitis (56.0±73.83/mm3) (p=<0.001). Again the mean with SD of glucose was lowest in bacterial meningitis which was 21.0±9.77 mg/dL followed by viral meningitis which was 63.6±20.22 mg/dL. (p<0.001). Considering protein of CSF the mean with SD was highest in bacterial meningitis which was 242.8±188.09 mg/dL followed by viral meningitis which was 69.6±84.67mg/dL (p<0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion the WBC count, CSF glucose and protein are significantly differ in bacterial and viral meningitis. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 69-74

CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH SINONASAL MASSES - A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Aiswarya Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Pramod Menon
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Government Medical College ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
One Year ◽  
Posterior Rhinoscopy

It is challenging to diagnose and distinguish sinonasal masses as they can have varying clinical presentations. This study was done to see if sinonasal masses can be detected by clinical symptoms, signs and examination itself without resorting to investigations. This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Otolaryngology, Government Medical College Thrissur, Kerala for a period of one year from December 2017 to December 2018. Total 104 cases were studied. Most of the sinonasal masses were identied by doing proper anterior and posterior rhinoscopy which don’t require much expertise to master. This can be considered only as a screening because any intervention should be preceded by radiological investigations and biopsy for a denitive management.

scholarly journals Acute bacterial meningitis in children with 1st episode of febrile seizures.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Saba Urooj ◽  
Maria Saleem ◽  
Asim Khurshid
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meningitis In Children

Objectives: To find out the frequency of acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) among children with 1st episode of febrile seizures (FS) at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatrics Medicine Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child’s Health, Multan. Period: October 2019 to March 2020. Material & Methods: A total number of 169 children who presented with 1st episode of acute FS, aged 6-60 months were included in this study. Data regarding age, gender, residential area and mother education was taken for each children. Once registered, lumbar puncture (LP) was performed along with a random blood sugar. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected and analyzed to find out the frequency of FS among children having ABM. Results: Mean age of children was 24.44±12.26 months. There were 100 (59.17%) male children and 69 (40.83%) female children. there were 16 (9.47%) children having positive family history of FS. 97 (57.40%) children were belonged to rural area and rest of the others were belonged to urban area. ABM was found in 10 (5.92%) children. Conclusion: Frequency of ABM among children presented with FS is not high. ABM was diagnosed in 5.92% children presenting with 1st episode of acute FS.

scholarly journals Identification of Etiological Agents of Pyogenic Meningitis by Gram Stain Culture in the Patients Admitted in Two Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Diana Thecla D Rozario ◽  
Nasima Akter ◽  
Arup Kanti Dewanjee ◽  
Shakeel Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Majed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Pyogenic Meningitis ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Etiological Agents

Background: Bacterial meningitis is an important cause of mortality and long termmorbidity. Early and accurate diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is of criticalconcern.The bacterial meningitis epidemiological landscape is not static andetiological agent varies with age and immune status and different geographic area.A simple Gram stained smear can offer immediate clues to aid the diagnosis ofpyogenic meningitis. This study was performed to identify the causative agents ofpyogenic meningitis. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in theDepartment of Microbiology, Chattogram Medical College for cytologicalexamination, biochemical tests, Gram’s stain, culture. The gold standard fordiagnosis of any infection including meningitis is the isolation and identification ofthe causative agent. Results: Among the 144 suspected meningitis cases, according to cytological andbiochemical findings 36 (25%) were categorized as probable bacterial meningitiscases and 68(47.22%) cases were viral meningitis, normal level of protein, glucoseand cell count were found in 40 (27.78%) cases. Among the 36 cases of probablebacterial meningitis, culture was positive in 12 (33.33%) and Gram’s stain waspositive in 9 (25%) cases. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the predominent organismdetected by isolation in 6(50%). Conclusion: S. pneumoniae is the predominant cause of pyogenic meningitis. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.19 (1); January 2020; Page 24-27

scholarly journals Role of Clinical Presentations and Routine CSF Analysis in the Rapid Diagnosis of Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Cases of Negative Gram Stained Smears

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabab Fouad ◽  
Marwa Khairy ◽  
Waleed Fathalah ◽  
Taha Gad ◽  
Badawy El-Kholy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Clinical Presentations

Background and Aim.Bacterial meningitis is a lethal, disabling endemic disease needing prompt antibiotic management. Gram stained smears is rapid accurate method for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. In cases of negative gram stained smears diagnosis is delayed till culture results. We aim to assess the role of clinical presentations and routine CSF analysis in the cost-effective rapid diagnosis of negative gram stained smears bacterial meningitis.Methods.Cross sectional study including 623 acute meningitis patients divided into two groups: bacterial meningitis and nonbacterial meningitis groups. The clinical presentations, systemic inflammatory parameters, and CSF analysis were evaluated and compared in both groups.Results.Altered conscious level, localizing neurological signs, Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s signs together with peripheral leucocytosis (>10.000/mm3), high CRP (>6) together with high CSF protein (>50 gl/dL), CSF neutrophilic count (≥50% of total CSF leucocytic count), and low CSF glucose level (<45 gm/dL) and CSF/serum glucose ≤0.6 were significantly diagnostic in bacterial meningitis patients. From the significant CSF analysis variables CSF protein carried the higher accuracy of diagnosis 78% with sensitivity 88% and specificity 72%.Conclusions.High CSF protein (>50 mg/dL) together with plasma inflammatory markers and CSF cytochemical parameters can diagnose bacterial meningitis in gram stain negative smear till culture results.

Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) Evaluation of Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Md Tauhidul Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jahirul Hoque Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Sadekur Rahman Sarkar ◽  
KM Ahasan Ahmed ◽  
Md Nazmul Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Aneurysm ◽  
Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
One Year ◽  
Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background: In evaluation of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage CT angiography (CTA) has 97-98% sensitivity and near 100% specificity. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the CTA findings of CT positive non traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methodology: This is an observational cross sectional study performed in Neurology department of National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka over one year period (January 2019 to December 2019). Total 87 CT positive subarachnoid hemorrhage cases were purposively included in this study. All CT positive patients underwent CTA of Cerebral vessels for further evaluation. The angiography were evaluated by competent neuro-radiologists blinded about the study. Result: Among 87 patients, 40.2% were male and 59.8% were female. The average age was 53.33±11.1 years. Among the studied patient the source of bleeding was found 78.16% aneurysmal and 21.84% non-aneurysmal. 85.30% patients had single aneurysm and 14.70% had multiple aneurysm. The highest number of patient had Acom aneurysm (41.17%) followed by MCA (22.05%), ICA (13.23%), ACA (7.35%) and vertebral artery (1.14%) in order of frequency. Among the multiple aneurysm group most of the patients had combination of Acom, MCA and ICA aneurysm. Conclusion: From this study, we can conclude that CTA can be used as the primary diagnostic tool in evaluation of spontaneous SAH. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2020;6(2): 78-81

Role of Fibrinolytic Therapy in Empyema Thoracis – A Hospital Based one year Cross Sectional Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Dr. Girish.L Dandagi ◽  
◽  
Venkat kalyana kumar. P ◽  
Dr. Dr.Isaac Mathew ◽  
Dr. Dr.G S Gaude Dr. Dr.G S Gaude
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fibrinolytic Therapy ◽  
Empyema Thoracis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals Evaluation of Patient Experience During Virtual and In-Person Urgent Care Visits: Time and Cost Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 237437352098148
Author(s):  
Saif Khairat ◽  
Xi Lin ◽  
Songzi Liu ◽  
Zhaohui Man ◽  
Tanzila Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Experience ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Virtual Visits ◽  
One Year

Urgent care (UC) is one of the fastest growing venues of health care delivery for nonemergent conditions. This study compared the patient experience during virtual and in-person urgent care visits. We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with the same diagnosis during Virtual Urgent Care (VUC) and in-person UC visits with the same diagnosis with regard to time and cost over a period of one year. We recorded and analyzed 16 685 urgent care visits: In-person UC (n = 14 734), VUC (n = 1262). Significant differences were found in the average total time for a visit in an in-person UC (70.89 minutes), and VUC (9.38 minutes). The average total cost of VUC ($49) and in-person UC ($142.657) differed significantly. Significant difference was found between UC turnaround time and VC turnaround time (Dependent variable (DV): 53.77, P < .01). We found significant differences in cost and time between in favor of virtual visits. Our findings suggest additional policy reform to expand the use of virtual care among target populations to improve access, reduce costs, meet the needs of patients, and reduce emergency department visits.

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