scholarly journals Are rural adults happy? An observational study of happiness and its determinants

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2810
Author(s):  
Chythra R. Rao ◽  
Shashi J. Soans ◽  
Zari Anjum ◽  
Muthu Kumar ◽  
Asha Kamath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Permanent Residents ◽  
Rural Adults

Background: Happiness has been defined as the degree to which an individual judges the overall quality of his or her life as favourable. The happiness of a society, depends on its individual members. So, the study was designed to assess happiness among rural adults and to identify various socio- demographic, family and health determinants affecting happiness.Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in the field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, KMC Manipal. The study included 403 permanent residents of field practice area, aged ≥20 years, of both gender and willing to participate in the study. Information pertaining to socio-demographic characteristics, details pertaining to co-morbidities, habits and family particulars were collected by personal interviews using a pre-designed questionnaire. Happiness was assessed using the Oxford happiness questionnaire.Results: A total of 403 subjects participated in the study and among them 82% of the respondents were happy and 17.6% were unhappy, as per the Oxford happiness questionnaire. Over half of the participants belonged to 30-60 years and two-thirds were females (66.5%). There was no gender difference in reported happiness. Almost all the people who had cordial relationship with family members (99.1%) and neighbourhood (97.9%), owning a house (94%) and being without co-morbidities (56%) were happy. Past hospitalization, concerns about child marriage and employment made people less happy.Conclusions: Good relationship with family members and neighbourhood, absence of co-morbidities was positive determinants of happiness, while hospitalization, concerns about employment and marriage of their children contributed to unhappiness.

scholarly journals Student’s perception about Modular teaching and various instructional strategies in the subject of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Umber Fatima ◽  
Mubashra Naz ◽  
Humaira Zafar ◽  
Anees Fatima ◽  
Rizwan Rasool Khan
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Strategies ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Almost All

Many modifications have been introduced in the field of medical education in recent past with a shift from didactic to more student focused teaching strategies. Modular study system for final year MBBS students was introduced in the subject of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 2018 session. Objectives: To determine the students′ perception about modular teaching and various instructional strategies through feedback in the subject of Obstetrics and Gynecology at undergraduate level. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad. Period: 1st January to 30th October 2018. Material & Methods: Eight modules were designed in the subject of obstetrics and gynecology for final year MBBS students. In order to ascertain the quality of teaching and to monitor the effectiveness of teaching methodologies, feedback was obtained.  A written questionnaire was designed to collect feedback. Interpretation of collected data was performed on SPSS 20. Results: Total 136 students participated in study by giving back properly filled questionnaire. Modular teaching was appreciated as an effective method by 93.4% students. Case based teaching, small group sessions and problem based learning were considered most favored teaching methods (97.7%, 97.1% and 94.85%) respectively by the students. Conclusion: Modular teaching was found to be an interesting and a useful teaching - learning experience by majority of students. Almost all students showed positive acceptance for various teaching methods. Students’ feedback was also useful in identifying course components that need improvement so that appropriate measures can be made to improve the overall quality and effectiveness of the course in future.

scholarly journals The Quality of Life of Tuberculosis Patients at Witbank TB Hospital, South Africa: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejoice Tlangelani Mashaba ◽  
Fezile Khumalo ◽  
Andy Beke
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Co Morbidity

Abstract Background: The quality of life (QoL) of tuberculosis (TB) patients may predict treatment outcomes. Little is known about the QoL of patients with TB and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-morbidity, especially in South African settings. We investigate the QoL of TB patients with and without HIV at the Witbank TB Hospital in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Methods: In a cross-sectional analytical study, 124 patients with confirmed TB, with or without HIV co-infection, were recruited from September 2018 to October 2018. Trained interviewers conducted face-to-face interviews with participants, helping them to complete a standardized short form-12 (SF-12) QoL questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS and SAS software. Differences between groups were quantified using t-test. Logistic regression analysis identified explanatory variables predicting mental (MCS) health and physical (PCS) health. Results: For all sub-scales of the SF-12 instrument, Cronbach’s alpha > 0.8 demonstrating high internal consistency. Patients with TB/HIV co-morbidity had lower scores in all dimensions (p<0.05), indicating poor QoL compared to TB patients without HIV. In multivariate analysis, the family size was predictive of physical health QoL. TB patients who were staying in a household with more than four family members were 2.12 times more likely to have better QoL compared to TB patients living in households with fewer than four family members, OR= 2.33 (95% CI: 1.12 to 4.98); p<0.05). Conclusions: Patients who are co-infected with TB and HIV, in this setting, have poorer QoL than patients who are only infected with TB. Our results support the development of strategies to improve QoL that consider the physical and mental wellbeing of TB/HIV co-infected patients.

scholarly journals Rational red blood cells administration - have we achieved a satisfactory level?

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 299-303
Author(s):  
Vojislav Lukic ◽  
Biljana Zivotic ◽  
Branislava Vasiljevic ◽  
Almira Sabani ◽  
Gradimir Bogdanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Allogeneic Transfusion ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Transfusion Ratio ◽  
Cross Match

Introduction. The important indicators of the quality of work in blood transfusion banks and health care facilities in general is the ratio of the cross-matched red blood cell (RBC) units, and the number of transfused RBC, known as cross-match to transfusion ratio (C:T). The objective of this research was to provide an assessment of the quality of our work in a cross-sectional study, showing C:T ratios for certain areas of surgery or particular surgical indications. Methods. We analyzed the data related to the activities of the Department for Pre-Transfusion Testing and Blood Distribution at the Blood Transfusion Institute of Serbia during the September and November of 2017 period. In total, 341 patients were included in the study, for whom 1,067 RBC units were requested. Results. In pre-transfusion testing, 562 units were cross-matched and 249 units were transfused. The overall C:T ratio was 2.25. There are variations in C:T by departments. For the departments of abdominal surgery and reanimation, where uncrossmatched RBC units were requested, C:T was < 2. Other departments had C:T > 3 for almost all therapeutic areas. Conclusion. Our results show that the C:T ratio ranged 2.02?3.6, indicating the need to reevaluate the protocols based on which the blood is requested according to individual indications, to adequately prepare patients for surgery in order to reduce the risk of possible allogeneic transfusion, and to apply Patient Blood Management protocols, which include the use of alternatives to allogeneic blood transfusion.

scholarly journals Quality of life among newly admitted patients to cancer hospital in Vietnam and associated factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205510292095304
Author(s):  
Bui Vinh Quang ◽  
Le Dai Minh ◽  
Le Thi Le Quyen ◽  
Duong Ngoc Le Mai ◽  
Nguyen Tien Dat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Financial Difficulty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Hospital ◽  
Global Quality ◽  
Global Quality Of Life ◽  
Almost All

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 262 newly admitted patients of a cancer hospital in Vietnam. The Vietnamese version EORTC-30 questionnaire 3.0 was used to interviews patients during the first week after their admission. Lower global quality of life and physical functioning scores were significantly associated with older age, lung and gastrointestinal cancers. Emotional functioning score was lower among female patients as compared to males. Financial difficulty was an important preditor for almost all functional scales. Management of early symptoms, providing early emotional supports and appropriate policies to reduce financial difficulty are important to improve cancer patients’ quality of life.

Impact of Metabolic Status on the Course of Atrial Fibrillation

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Renate Dresmane ◽  
Laima Caunite ◽  
Aleksandrs Vasiljevs ◽  
Oskars Kalejs
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Risk Factor ◽  
Metabolic States ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background and aims: Metabolic syndrome (MS) might influence the course of atrial fibrillation (AF) similarly to diabetes (DM). Aim of this research is to evaluate the quality of life, disease burden and medication adherence of patients with different metabolic states. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study of Latvian Center of Cardiology Arrhythmology Department patients with AF, sorting patients in 3 categories according to the National Institutes for Health guidelines criteria for MS. Results: From 133 patients, 51 were in metabolically healthy (MH) group, 58 in MS group and 24 had DM. Average age was 62.59 in MH, 67.59 in MS and 66.25 in DM group. Most common form of AF was persistent - MH 49%, MS 65.5%, DM 75%. Best EHRA median value was observed in DM group (29.2% reporting mild symptoms). Majority of patients had 1-2 comorbidities in MH and MS group and 3-5 in the DM group, with almost all patients using 4-9 drugs daily. Conclusions: A similar course of AF was observed in MS and DM groups. Since the same molecular pathways are involved, MS should be viewed as a cluster of risk factors with a cumulative effect - greater than the effect of a single risk factor.

scholarly journals Health-related quality of life predictors during medical residency in a random, stratified sample of residents

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Costa Mosca Macedo ◽  
Vanessa de Albuquerque Cítero ◽  
Simone Schenkman ◽  
Maria Cezira Fantini Nogueira-Martins ◽  
Mauro Batista Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Critical Patients ◽  
Almost All

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of life during the first three years of training and identify its association with sociodemographicoccupational characteristics, leisure time and health habits. METHOD: A cross-sectional study with a random sample of 128 residents stratified by year of training was conducted. The Medical Outcome Study -short form 36 was administered. Mann-Whitney tests were carried out to compare percentile distributions of the eight quality of life domains, according to sociodemographic variables, and a multiple linear regression analysis was performed, followed by a validity checking for the resulting models. RESULTS: The physical component presented higher quality of life medians than the mental component. Comparisons between the three years showed that in almost all domains the quality of life scores of the second year residents were higher than the first year residents (p < 0.01). The mental component scores remained high for third year residents (p < 0.01). Predictors of higher quality of life were: second or third year of residency, satisfaction with the training program, sufficient time for leisure, and care of critical patients for less than 30 hours per week. CONCLUSION: The mental component of quality of life was the most impaired component, indicating the importance of caring for residents' mental health, especially during their first year and when they are overloaded with critical patients.

Use of real patients in teaching ENT diseases to undergraduate students and its effects on patient satisfaction: cross-sectional survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (7) ◽  
pp. 666-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Löfgren ◽  
S Alikoski ◽  
S Hannula ◽  
M Sorri ◽  
O-P Alho
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Undergraduate Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Real Patients

AbstractObjectives:To describe a method of using real patients in teaching ENT to undergraduates and to examine whether being a case patient affected patient satisfaction.Methods:In a cross-sectional study, 68 teaching-involved patients (case patients) with a suspected common ENT illness and 68 matched (in terms of age, sex and region of complaint) control patients evaluated the health service and their encounter with the physician. The students saw the case patients first independently and then saw the patient with the teacher physician. The controls were treated in a normal way.Results:Fifty-eight case patients (84 per cent) and 65 control patients (95 per cent) answered the questionnaire. The median duration of the visit was significantly longer for the case patients than the controls (115 vs 60 minutes). Almost all patients in both groups graded the overall quality of the health service, and the variables describing various aspects of the setting and the encounter with the physician, as either good or excellent.Conclusion:Patients who took part in the undergraduate teaching of ENT diseases were equally content with their primary visit as the control patients, even though their visit took a markedly longer time.

scholarly journals Media Awareness on Diseases from Pollution - A Study of Silchar Town in Southern Assam, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Parthia Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Health It ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
The People ◽  
The Media ◽  
Thinking Process ◽  
The Mind

Exposures to environmental toxicants have always been a major source of health risks throughout the world. Pollution is thus a threat to human health, the environment and the quality of life of millions of lives on this planet. Since the last decade, media has become a major source in promoting health awareness. They provide knowledge about how to prevent and overcome from these diseases. The media matter significantly in public health. It affects the mind of the people as well as their thinking process and ideas. It is a major force in creating awareness about important issues and affects national and global efforts towards socio-economic progress and understanding. This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted to determine the awareness level and knowledge of the people of Silchar about pollution diseases and various health problems arising out of it.

scholarly journals A study on assessment of knowledge towards family planning practices among the couples of reproductive age group in the field practice area of Prathima institute of medical sciences, Karimnagar

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 3740
Author(s):  
Dasari Gayathry ◽  
B. V. Ramana ◽  
Vishweshwar Rao
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Permanent Contraception

Background: Population explosion is a major problem in developing country like India. Contraception is important for the health of the nation. Hence the present study aimed at elucidating knowledge of the couples towards contraception. Methods: A cross - sectional study was conducted during February 2013-January 2014 among the couples residing in the field practice study areas. A semi-structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge towards various methods of family planning was administered to 406 couples of the study area. Results: It has been observed that female scored higher than males, however there was no statistically significant difference between the overall knowledge scores (18.67±7.798 vs. 18.41±7.177). In general, the highest knowledge was obtained in the domain of permanent contraception followed by temporary methods like condom and IUDs. The least knowledge scores were obtained in the domain of emergency contraceptives and natural methods of contraception. Urban population’s over all mean knowledge scores was 22.60±6.673 compared with rural population 14.48±5.898 and was statistically significant (p=0.036). However, the marked difference in knowledge scores was obtained in the context of gender and place of residence. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that the average knowledge among males and females and in urban and rural area, but some knowledge gaps on certain specific aspects still remained which needs to be addressed to improve the quality of life of people. 

scholarly journals Quality of life of family caregivers of patients with a stoma: a cross-sectional study from Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (22) ◽  
pp. S27-S30
Author(s):  
Hossein Rafiei ◽  
Farnoosh Rashvand ◽  
Sahar Malmir
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotional Burden ◽  
Positive Adaptation ◽  
Quality Of Life Index ◽  
Support Programmes

Aim: The family plays a key role in supporting and caring for patients who have a gastrointestinal stoma because of cancer. This study investigated the quality of life of family members caring for such patients. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in 2020 in Iran. The study sample consisted of 250 family members caring for cancer patients with an intestinal stoma. The Caregiver Quality of Life Index–Cancer scale was used to measure quality of life. This scale has 35 questions, which are categorised into four subscales: mental/emotional burden; lifestyle disruption; positive adaptation; and financial concerns. The highest possible total score is 140 (35 in each subscale), and a high score indicates a poor quality of life. Results: A total of 250 carers took part in the study. Of these, 143 (57.2%) were men and the average age was 35.1 years. Mean scores of mental/emotional burden, lifestyle disruption, positive adaptation, and financial concerns were 28.4±41, 17.3±3.2, 19.8±28, and 8.6±1.2 respectively. No significant relationship was found between participants' quality of life and demographic variables. Conclusion: Carers' quality of life is relatively poor. Carers' quality of life need to be improved and support programmes, devised and delivered by nurses, could have a role in this.

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