scholarly journals Vaccination coverage of children in tribal Narmada district of Gujarat: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Rahul Parmar ◽  
Nirmal Prajapati ◽  
Kalpita Shringarpure
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drop Out Rate ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Set Up

Background: Vaccination being one of the cheapest and safest methods of primary prevention, indicators of maternal and child healthcare are crucial. Multi-indicator cluster survey was planned to check these objectives as set up in reproductive child health (RCH)-II and National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) plan. This study was initiated to determine the vaccination coverage among the children in tribal district in Gujarat and to determine factors associated with partial immunization and non-immunization.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was done in tribal district Narmada in Gujarat for a period of four months from May 2011 to August 2011. The study population consisted of all children aged between 12-23 months. After using cluster sampling method, assessment of vaccination programme was obtained from 346 out of total 352 children scattered across 30 clusters. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was administered by interview technique.Results: Highest coverage was seen in the first dose of diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) 95.7% (CI 92.3-99) followed by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) 95.4% (CI 92-98.7) and first dose of oral poliovirus vaccines (OPV) 95.4% (CI 92-98.7). The proportion of fully immunized children was 77.7% (CI 69.4-86.1), whereas 2.9% (CI 0.0-6.1) children were not vaccinated at all. The drop-out rate was 8.76% from DPT1 to DPT3 and 16% for DPT1 to measles.Conclusions: Vaccination   coverage   was highest for DPT first dose followed by BCG. The drop- out rate was 8.76% from DPT1 to DPT3 and 16% for DPT1 to measles. Non-awareness regarding subsequent doses of vaccines was most common reason for partial or non-vaccination.

scholarly journals Measures adopted for weight reduction among overweight and obese adults: a community based cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1972
Author(s):  
Radhakrishnan A. ◽  
Karthik R. C. ◽  
Balaji Arumugam ◽  
M. Ezhilvanan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population

Background: Worldwide obesity prevalence has nearly doubled since 1980. Current guidelines recommend that “overweight” and “obese” individuals lose weight through engaging in lifestyle modification involving diet, exercise and other behaviour changes. It is necessary to prevent obesity so that the subsequent complications can be prevented.Methods: This community based cross sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of tertiary medical college from June 2019 to August 2019. Totally 154 participants enrolled in the study. Only those individuals who had body mass index (BMI) of more than 23 kg/m2 were included in the study.Results: Majority of the study subjects 57.1% (88) belonged to the age group of 21-40 years. We included only overweight and obese adults in the present study. In this study, 61% (94) of the study population belonged to obese- I category while 33.8% (52) belonged to obese- II and only 5.2% (3) of study population were overweight. Only 43% (66) of the study population had adopted some measures to reduce their weight. Out of these majority 69.7% (46) preferred walking while 12.1% (8) preferred jogging for reducing weight. Mean days of walking adopted was 3.7 days and mean minutes per day was 29.67 minutes.Conclusions: As seen in this study more than half of the study population had not taken any measures for weight reduction. Increased health awareness will improve their level of active participation in the weight reduction program such as diet modification and physical exercise promotes weight loss and weight maintenance.

scholarly journals High vaccination coverage and inadequate knowledge: Findings from a community-based cross-sectional study on Japanese Encephalitis in Yangon, Myanmar

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Pyae Phyo Kyaw ◽  
Hemant Deepak Shewade ◽  
Nang Thu Thu Kyaw ◽  
Khaing Hnin Phyo ◽  
Htar Htar Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease with high case fatality and no specific treatment. Little is known about the community’s (especially parents/guardians of children) awareness regarding JE and its vaccine in Yangon region, which bears the highest JE burden in Myanmar. Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in Yangon region (2019) to explore the knowledge and perception of parents/guardians of 1-15 year-old children about JE disease, its vaccination and to describe JE vaccine coverage among 1-15 year-old children. We followed multi-stage random sampling (three stages) to select the 600 households with 1-15 year-old children from 30 clusters in nine townships. Analyses were weighted (inverse probability sampling) for the multi-stage sampling design. Results: Of 600 parents/guardians, 38% exhibited good knowledge of JE, 55% perceived JE as serious in  children younger than 15 years and 59% perceived the vaccine to be effective. Among all the children in the 600 households, the vaccination coverage was 97% (831/855). Conclusion: In order to reduce JE incidence in the community, focus on an intensified education program is necessary to sustain the high vaccine coverage in the community.

scholarly journals Factors determining the knowledge related to tuberculosis in a rural community, a community based cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
C. Rajan Rushender ◽  
G. Dinesh Kumar ◽  
M. Logaraj
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Population

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem. It is reported that, globally, about 9 million people developed tuberculosis and about 1.5 million people died due to tuberculosis across the globe in 2013.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the Rural Health Training Center, SRM Medical College to assess knowledge and practice regarding tuberculosis using a pretested Interview schedule. Adult population, who are residing in the field practice area were considered as study population. The study period was between August 2013 to February 2014.Results: A total of 246 study subjects were included in the final analysis with the majority of the participants to be between 21 to 40 years (39.40%). Cough and expectoration as symptom of TB was known to 82.5% of study subjects. Only 22.8% of the study subjects are aware of at least one extra pulmonary for of tuberculosis. The proportion of subjects with good overall knowledge about TB was highest in subjects aged 61 and above, lowest in 41 to 60-year age group. The proportion of subjects with good knowledge had gradually increased with increasing socio economic status.Conclusions: Culture specific IEC interventions and their delivery mechanisms need to be designed, considering the highly heterogeneous nature of population in India. 

scholarly journals Undernutrition and associated factors among children aged 5–10 years in West Bengal, India: a community-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitava Pal ◽  
Sourav Manna ◽  
Rishna Dalui ◽  
Rupanjan Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Prakash C. Dhara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background In the previous few decades, India has made significant progress in reducing child mortality and fertility rates; yet, undernutrition remains one of the country’s primary public health issues. The goal of this study was to determine the extent of child malnutrition in West Bengal, India, as well as the risk factors linked with it. In diverse districts of West Bengal, a community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken utilizing multi-stage stratified cluster sampling followed by systematic random sampling. Anthropometric, individual, and household characteristics were collected from 2070 children in this study. Height-for-age, weight-for-age, and BMI-for-age z-scores were calculated. The levels and factors related with child undernutrition were studied using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Stunting, underweight, and thinness were shown to be prevalent in 25.48%, 33%, and 26.88% of children, respectively. With age, the likelihood of a child becoming malnourished increased. In comparison with girls, boys had a greater chance of being malnourished. Separately, parental educational and occupational statuses were linked to child malnutrition. Undernourished children were more likely to have a mother who was uneducated or undereducated (stunting: OR = 1.46; underweight: OR = 1.49; thinness: OR = 1.49). Children from economically disadvantaged families were more likely to be malnourished. Children from households with untreated drinking water and poor sanitation were more likely to be malnourished. Conclusions The current study showed that there are several risk variables linked to child malnutrition. Undernutrition was caused by illiteracy, filthy drinking water, and poor sanitation, all of which were independent risk factors.

scholarly journals High vaccination coverage, inadequate knowledge and high vector density: Findings from a community-based cross-sectional study on Japanese Encephalitis in Yangon, Myanmar

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Pyae Phyo Kyaw ◽  
Hemant Deepak Shewade ◽  
Nang Thu Thu Kyaw ◽  
Khaing Hnin Phyo ◽  
Htar Htar Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease with high case fatality and no specific treatment. Little is known about the community’s (especially parents/guardians of children) awareness regarding JE and its vaccine in Yangon region, which bears the highest JE burden in Myanmar. Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in Yangon region (2019) to explore the knowledge and perception of parents/guardians of 1-15 year-old children about JE disease, its vaccination and to describe JE vaccine coverage among 1-15 year-old children. We followed multi-stage random sampling (three stages) to select the 600 households with 1-15 year-old children from 30 clusters in nine townships. Analyses were weighted (inverse probability sampling) for the multi-stage sampling design. Results: Of 600 parents/guardians, 38% exhibited good knowledge of JE, 55% perceived JE as serious in  children younger than 15 years and 59% perceived the vaccine to be effective. Among all the children in the 600 households, the vaccination coverage was 97% (831/855). Conclusion: In order to reduce JE incidence in the community, focus on an intensified education program is necessary to sustain the high vaccine coverage in the community.

scholarly journals Latrine Ownership and Its Determinants in Rural Villages of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kiros Fenta Ajemu ◽  
Abraham Aregay Desta ◽  
Asfawosen Aregay Berhe ◽  
Ataklti Gebretsadik Woldegebriel ◽  
Nega Mamo Bezabih
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Health Extension Workers ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Villages

Background. Open defecation was largely a rural phenomenon most widely attributed to poor latrine ownership at community level. We aimed at examining latrine ownership and its determinants in rural villages of the Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia. Methods. Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2018. A total of 756 randomly selected households were involved in the study. The multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select study households. Data were checked, coded, and entered into Epi-Info version 7. Besides, it was exported to SPSS version 20 for data analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was involved to estimate the net effect size of factors associated with latrine ownership. Results. The proportion of households owning latrine was 35.7%. The majority (84.4%) of constructed latrines were utilized by household families. Households advocated latrine IEC by Health Extension Workers (HEWs) (AOR = 1.902, 95% CI: 1.269–2.852), living in their private house (AOR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.528–6.401), and the occupation status of government employees (AOR = 3.54, 95% CI: 0.586–21.397) are more likely to lead to the construction of latrines. The availability of latrine made on slab floor (AOR = 1.790, 95% CI: 0.297–3.102), having a latrine constructed inside the household compound (AOR = 4.463, 95% CI: 1.021–19.516), and delivery of latrine IEC by Women Development Armies (WDAs) (AOR = 2.425, 95% CI: 0.728–8.083) may lead to better latrine utilization at the household level. Conclusion. Households owning latrine at the community level were low. The desired level of latrine ownership will be realized if all sanitation and hygiene components are kept on eye side by side in line with identified predictor factors.

scholarly journals Prevalence of malnutrition among under five children of urban slums of Berhampur, Odisha, India: a community a community based cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srabani Geetanjali Sethy ◽  
Dhaneswari Jena ◽  
Parsuram Jena ◽  
Srabani Pradhan ◽  
Tapan Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Study Population

Background: Under five children constitute the most vulnerable segment and their nutritional status and mortality rate is a sensitive indicator of the community’s health and nutrition. Prevalence of underweight is 35.7%, wasting is 21% and stunting 38.4% in India and for Odisha, it is 34.4%, 20.4 % and 34.1% respectively. Health indices of slum children are worst among all urban groups and are even poorer than rural average. Severe PEM is often associated with infection contributing to high child mortality in underprivileged communities of slum dwellers. Objectives of present study were to find out prevalence of under nutrition and its severity among the study population and to identify socio-demographic factors associated with malnutrition.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2015 September2016 in urban slum area of Berhampur city. Data were collected from 300 mothers of children aged 6-59 months using pre-tested semi structured questionnaires and measuring weight, height and MUAC of the children. Analysis was done using spss version- 20, Chi-square values and proportions were calculated.Results: 69% of 300 children were having under nutrition in the form of underweight (55.3%), wasting (75%) and stunting (42%). Overlapping of different type of malnutrition was seen. Maximum number of underweight children belongs to age group 37-60 months (52.6%) followed by other two age groups. 21.3% were severely wasted and 20% were severely underweight. Factors found to be significantly associated with prevalence of malnutrition were maternal education, hygienic and feeding practices of mother.Conclusions: Malnutrition is widely prevalent among study population more than the state and national prevalence. With increasing age cumulative increase in prevalence of malnutrition is seen perhaps due to persistence and addition of causative factors. Maternal education, faulty feeding practice and hygienic practice are contributory factor of this high prevalence of disease.  

scholarly journals Assessment of immunization status among under five children in rural Mangaluru: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3866
Author(s):  
Chandana Gopal Manglik ◽  
Shrivathsa Dala N.
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunization Status ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Study Population ◽  
N 93 ◽  
Vitamin A2

Background: Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of vaccine. If exposure to a disease occurs in a community there is a little to no risk of an epidemic if people have been immunized. This study was to assess the immunization status among children up to 5 years in rural Mangaluru.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among children of 0-5 years of age group (n=93) in rural Mangaluru using convenient sampling technique. After obtaining oral consent from parents, immunization status of children was assessed using validated questionnaire and details of child found to be partially immunized or not at all, reasons for not giving the vaccine were also collected.Results: 52.7% of the study population was partially immunized and 46.2% were fully immunized; only 83.9% possessed an immunization card. Majority of them have not taken measles/MR (55.9%) and also IPV 1 (46.2%) and Vitamin A2 (61.3%) because of unaware need for further immunization (58%).Conclusions: According to the survey, conducted in rural fields, we found that half of the population was partially immunized. Reasons being lack of awareness, negligence of parents, unaware of 2nd and 3rd dose of vaccines.

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