Measures adopted for weight reduction among overweight and obese adults: a community based cross sectional study

Background: Worldwide obesity prevalence has nearly doubled since 1980. Current guidelines recommend that “overweight” and “obese” individuals lose weight through engaging in lifestyle modification involving diet, exercise and other behaviour changes. It is necessary to prevent obesity so that the subsequent complications can be prevented.Methods: This community based cross sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of tertiary medical college from June 2019 to August 2019. Totally 154 participants enrolled in the study. Only those individuals who had body mass index (BMI) of more than 23 kg/m2 were included in the study.Results: Majority of the study subjects 57.1% (88) belonged to the age group of 21-40 years. We included only overweight and obese adults in the present study. In this study, 61% (94) of the study population belonged to obese- I category while 33.8% (52) belonged to obese- II and only 5.2% (3) of study population were overweight. Only 43% (66) of the study population had adopted some measures to reduce their weight. Out of these majority 69.7% (46) preferred walking while 12.1% (8) preferred jogging for reducing weight. Mean days of walking adopted was 3.7 days and mean minutes per day was 29.67 minutes.Conclusions: As seen in this study more than half of the study population had not taken any measures for weight reduction. Increased health awareness will improve their level of active participation in the weight reduction program such as diet modification and physical exercise promotes weight loss and weight maintenance.

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Municipalities of Kathmandu, Nepal

International Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1155/2016/1656938 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Raja Ram Dhungana ◽

Achyut Raj Pandey ◽

Bihungum Bista ◽

Suira Joshi ◽

Surya Devkota

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Formal Education ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension in newly declared municipalities of Kathmandu, Nepal.Design, Settings, and Participants. This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in the municipalities of Kathmandu District, Nepal, between January and July 2015. Study participants were aged 18 to 70 years, residing permanently in the study sites. Municipalities, Wards, households, and respondents were selected randomly.Results. Of the 587 participants, 58.8% were females, mean (SD) age was 42.3 (13.5) years, 29.3% had no formal education, 35.1% were Brahmins, and 41.2% were homemakers. Prevalence of hypertension was 32.5% (95% CI: 28.7–36.3). Age, gender, education, ethnicity, occupation, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diabetes, menopausal history, and family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension were significantly associated with hypertension. In multivariable analysis, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, and diabetes were identified as significant explanatory variables for hypertension.Conclusion. This study demonstrated that the people living in newly established municipalities of Kathmandu, Nepal, have a high burden of hypertension as well as its associated factors. Therefore, community-based preventive approaches like lifestyle modification and early detection and treatment of hypertension might bring a substantial change in tackling the burden effectively.

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Factors determining the knowledge related to tuberculosis in a rural community, a community based cross sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170045 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 294

Author(s):

C. Rajan Rushender ◽

G. Dinesh Kumar ◽

M. Logaraj

Keyword(s):

Adult Population ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Study Population

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem. It is reported that, globally, about 9 million people developed tuberculosis and about 1.5 million people died due to tuberculosis across the globe in 2013.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the Rural Health Training Center, SRM Medical College to assess knowledge and practice regarding tuberculosis using a pretested Interview schedule. Adult population, who are residing in the field practice area were considered as study population. The study period was between August 2013 to February 2014.Results: A total of 246 study subjects were included in the final analysis with the majority of the participants to be between 21 to 40 years (39.40%). Cough and expectoration as symptom of TB was known to 82.5% of study subjects. Only 22.8% of the study subjects are aware of at least one extra pulmonary for of tuberculosis. The proportion of subjects with good overall knowledge about TB was highest in subjects aged 61 and above, lowest in 41 to 60-year age group. The proportion of subjects with good knowledge had gradually increased with increasing socio economic status.Conclusions: Culture specific IEC interventions and their delivery mechanisms need to be designed, considering the highly heterogeneous nature of population in India.

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Body Shape Dissatisfaction and Overweight Noesis among Polytechnic College students in Puducherry- A Cross Sectional Study

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0204.064 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Vishnu Prasad R ◽

Kanimozhy K ◽

Venkatachalam J ◽

Madhanraj K ◽

Zile Singh

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Weight Reduction ◽

Body Shape ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

The prevalence of obesity has doubled since 1980 worldwide. With the changing dietary and life style habits, overweight and obesity have become a threat globally. As on 2011, more than 40 million children worldwide are overweight and more than 30 million of them are living in developing countries. Body image perception of an individual plays a major role in determining the diet and lifestyle modification to alter their body shape.Materials and methods: The study was carried out among 1034 polytechnic college students in Puducherry aged 15-25 years as a cross sectional study. Stunkard’s visual figures scale was used to measure Body Shape Dissatisfaction.Statistical analysis: Chi-square test was used to test the statistical significance in difference between proportions, p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The prevalence of Body Shape Dissatisfaction in our study subjects was found to be 62.2%. More female students wanted a thinner body shape while more male students wanted a bigger body shape than their current body shape. 45.3% of the students with normal BMI were satisfied with their current body shape, 26% of them wanted a bigger shape and 28.7% of the students wanted to have a thinner shape.Conclusions:The prevalence of BSD was considerably high in our study population. Body shape misconception might lead to unnecessary weight reduction measures and students tend to follow unhealthy methods for weight reduction. Proactive preventive measures could be initiated targeting towards weight management and dietary practices of college students.

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Prevalence of malnutrition among under five children of urban slums of Berhampur, Odisha, India: a community a community based cross-sectional study

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20174753 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 2180 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Srabani Geetanjali Sethy ◽

Dhaneswari Jena ◽

Parsuram Jena ◽

Srabani Pradhan ◽

Tapan Biswas

Keyword(s):

Maternal Education ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Feeding Practice ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Under Nutrition ◽

Study Population

Background: Under five children constitute the most vulnerable segment and their nutritional status and mortality rate is a sensitive indicator of the community’s health and nutrition. Prevalence of underweight is 35.7%, wasting is 21% and stunting 38.4% in India and for Odisha, it is 34.4%, 20.4 % and 34.1% respectively. Health indices of slum children are worst among all urban groups and are even poorer than rural average. Severe PEM is often associated with infection contributing to high child mortality in underprivileged communities of slum dwellers. Objectives of present study were to find out prevalence of under nutrition and its severity among the study population and to identify socio-demographic factors associated with malnutrition.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2015 September2016 in urban slum area of Berhampur city. Data were collected from 300 mothers of children aged 6-59 months using pre-tested semi structured questionnaires and measuring weight, height and MUAC of the children. Analysis was done using spss version- 20, Chi-square values and proportions were calculated.Results: 69% of 300 children were having under nutrition in the form of underweight (55.3%), wasting (75%) and stunting (42%). Overlapping of different type of malnutrition was seen. Maximum number of underweight children belongs to age group 37-60 months (52.6%) followed by other two age groups. 21.3% were severely wasted and 20% were severely underweight. Factors found to be significantly associated with prevalence of malnutrition were maternal education, hygienic and feeding practices of mother.Conclusions: Malnutrition is widely prevalent among study population more than the state and national prevalence. With increasing age cumulative increase in prevalence of malnutrition is seen perhaps due to persistence and addition of causative factors. Maternal education, faulty feeding practice and hygienic practice are contributory factor of this high prevalence of disease.

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Assessment of immunization status among under five children in rural Mangaluru: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193985 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 3866

Author(s):

Chandana Gopal Manglik ◽

Shrivathsa Dala N.

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Immunization Status ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Study Population ◽

N 93 ◽

Vitamin A2

Background: Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of vaccine. If exposure to a disease occurs in a community there is a little to no risk of an epidemic if people have been immunized. This study was to assess the immunization status among children up to 5 years in rural Mangaluru.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among children of 0-5 years of age group (n=93) in rural Mangaluru using convenient sampling technique. After obtaining oral consent from parents, immunization status of children was assessed using validated questionnaire and details of child found to be partially immunized or not at all, reasons for not giving the vaccine were also collected.Results: 52.7% of the study population was partially immunized and 46.2% were fully immunized; only 83.9% possessed an immunization card. Majority of them have not taken measles/MR (55.9%) and also IPV 1 (46.2%) and Vitamin A2 (61.3%) because of unaware need for further immunization (58%).Conclusions: According to the survey, conducted in rural fields, we found that half of the population was partially immunized. Reasons being lack of awareness, negligence of parents, unaware of 2nd and 3rd dose of vaccines.

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Prevalence and pattern of ocular morbidity and factors influencing ocular morbidity in a rural population in south India: a community based cross sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173349 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (8) ◽

pp. 2939

Author(s):

Venkataramana . ◽

Amarnath R. L. C.

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural Health Center ◽

Study Population ◽

Ocular Morbidity

Background: Preventable blindness is still one of the major public health problems in India. The scarcity of community-based studies on ocular morbidity, more especially from rural areas is one of the reasons for the inadequate focus on the subject. The objectives were to study the pattern and factors associated with ocular morbidity in a rural adult population.Methods: The study was a cross sectional study conducted in field practice area of rural health Center, Cheluvanatti village in the state of Karnataka. Among 16 villages, one village was selected by convenient sampling. Ocular morbidity was assessed by detailed history and clinical examination by trained clinicians.Results: Among total 1181 population, 872 people >18 years were included in the final analysis. Majority portion (72.9%) of the study population was in 18-45 years age group. There were 51.3% of males and the proportion of females was 48.7%. The prevalence of ocular morbidity was 13.9% (95% CI 12.0%-16.0%) in the study population. The most common ocular morbidity was refractive errors seen in 56(6.4%), followed by cataract seen in 35 (4%) and corneal blindness seen in 26 (3%) subjects. The presence of ocular morbidity was 4.49 times more in 46-60 years age group compared with 18 to 45 years age group (95% CI 2.76 -7.33, p<0.01). Compared with higher studies people the presence of ocular morbidity in illiterate was 35.32 times more (95% CI 16.61-75.12, p<0.01). The presence of ocular morbidity was 20.64 times more in diabetic patients (95% CI 8.95-47.61, p<0.01) comparing with non-diabetic patients.Conclusions: The prevalence of ocular morbidity is still more in aged people and the village people are getting more effect with their practices and behavior. There is a need to go with more community-based cross sectional studies and also the preventive methods to reduce and avoid the risk of ocular diseases.

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Vaccination coverage of children in tribal Narmada district of Gujarat: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200436 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 609

Author(s):

Rahul Parmar ◽

Nirmal Prajapati ◽

Kalpita Shringarpure

Keyword(s):

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Drop Out ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Drop Out Rate ◽

Study Population ◽

Set Up

Background: Vaccination being one of the cheapest and safest methods of primary prevention, indicators of maternal and child healthcare are crucial. Multi-indicator cluster survey was planned to check these objectives as set up in reproductive child health (RCH)-II and National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) plan. This study was initiated to determine the vaccination coverage among the children in tribal district in Gujarat and to determine factors associated with partial immunization and non-immunization.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was done in tribal district Narmada in Gujarat for a period of four months from May 2011 to August 2011. The study population consisted of all children aged between 12-23 months. After using cluster sampling method, assessment of vaccination programme was obtained from 346 out of total 352 children scattered across 30 clusters. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was administered by interview technique.Results: Highest coverage was seen in the first dose of diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) 95.7% (CI 92.3-99) followed by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) 95.4% (CI 92-98.7) and first dose of oral poliovirus vaccines (OPV) 95.4% (CI 92-98.7). The proportion of fully immunized children was 77.7% (CI 69.4-86.1), whereas 2.9% (CI 0.0-6.1) children were not vaccinated at all. The drop-out rate was 8.76% from DPT1 to DPT3 and 16% for DPT1 to measles.Conclusions: Vaccination coverage was highest for DPT first dose followed by BCG. The drop- out rate was 8.76% from DPT1 to DPT3 and 16% for DPT1 to measles. Non-awareness regarding subsequent doses of vaccines was most common reason for partial or non-vaccination.

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Disability and its prevalence and cause in northwestern Ethiopia: evidence from Dabat district of Amhara National Regional State: A community based cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18602/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Solomon Mekonnen Abebe ◽

Ansha Nega ◽

Zemichel Gizaw ◽

Mulugeta Bayisa ◽

Solomon Fasika ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scientific Information ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

International Classification Of Functioning ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Persons With Disabilities ◽

Study Population

Abstract Background: Disability is not just a physical condition; it develops through human interactions and reflects the social fabric of communities. Despite the magnitude of the problem, however, both awareness and scientific information on disability and the conditions of persons with disabilities (PwDs) are lacking in Ethiopia. Against this backdrop, the University of Gondar established the Dabat Demographic Health Surveillance System to gather longitudinal and policy relevant empirical data on various aspects of healthy living, including disability, in Dabat district of northwestern Ethiopia. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 13 Kebeles of Dabat district where the DHSS operates. Quantitative data was gathered using the World Health Organization’s Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) and International Classification of Functioning, Health and Disability (ICF). The data was organized, analyzed, presented and described using frequencies and percentages in table and figures. Relevant variables were used to construct a logistic regression model that predicts the likelihood of disability whereby P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The household survey covered 17,000 households with 71,916 members amongst whom 36,462 (50.7%) were females and 20,264 (28.18%) had attended formal education. The overall prevalence of disability was 2.14% [95% CI: 2.03, 2.24]. About 8.3% of households reported at least one case of disability. Of 1537 respondents with disability, 8.19% had multiple disabilities. The visually impaired represented the highest proportion of PwDs (51%). Generally, the major causes of disability (83%) were modifiable; and illness (36.93%), injury (17.81%), and congenital (10.86%). Advanced age [AOR= 1.0; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.04], the illiterate [AOR=1.15;95% CI: 1.57, 2.13], the unmarried/single [AOR: 1.39; 95% CI: 185,2.47] and the separated [AOR: 2.78; 95% CI: 4.14,6.19] were more likely to have disability in the study population. Conclusion: This article reports an increased likelihood in being impaired/disabled associated with aging; and in the study population, there was high proportion of households with PwDs. Most disabilities were visual but there were also significant numbers of mobility and hearing impairments. Most school-age PwDs did not complete secondary education, while the rate of employment was significantly low. The study also identified most causes of disability were reversable.

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