scholarly journals Study on prevalence of risk factors of diabetes among adult population in a rural area of West Bengal, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Dipanwita Sarkar ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Dalal ◽  
Shuvadeep Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Risk ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Simple Method

Background: India is currently in the grip of an explosive epidemic of type 2 diabetes. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that by 2030, 8.4% of the adult population will have diabetes in India, which already is the world’s diabetes capital. Indian diabetic risk score (IDRS) is a cost effective and simple method for mass screening at community level. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of risk factors of diabetes among rural adults of Amdanga, West Bengal and to study the socio-demographic correlates of higher risk.Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in Amdanga, North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal from 1st August 2019 to 30 th September 2019 among 104 adult population on risk status for type 2 diabetes mellitus using IDRS. Interview was conducted using pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire followed by anthropometric measurement. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 version.Results: Out of 104 study subjects, 9.6% study subjects were not at risk of having diabetes, 45.2% were at moderate risk and 45.2% were at high risk of having diabetes. Marital status, hypertension, outside food intake, exercise and strenuous activity were significantly associated with the risk of diabetes.Conclusions: Majority of the adult population were at moderate and high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, hence screening is of utmost importance so that interventions can be initiated at an early stage and change of lifestyle should be initiated as soon as possible to delay the occurrence of type 2 diabetes.

Innate immunity alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: understanding infection susceptibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ochoa-González Fátima de Lourdes ◽  
González-Curiel Irma Elizabeth ◽  
Cervantes-Villagrana Al-berto Rafael ◽  
Fernández-Ruiz Julio Cesar ◽  
Castañeda-Delgado Julio Enrique
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms

: Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by marked alterations in the metabolism of glucose andby high con-centrations of glucose in the blood due to a decreased insulin production or resistance to the action of this hormone in pe-ripheral tissues. The International Diabetes Federation estimates a global incidence of diabetes of about 10% in the adult population (20 -79 years old), some 430 million cases reported worldwide in 2018. It is well documented that people with diabetes have a higher susceptibility to infectious diseases and therefore show higher morbidity and mortality compared to the non-diabetic population. Given that the innate immune response plays a fundamental role in protecting against invading pathogens through a myriad of humoral and cellular mechanisms, the present work makes a comprehensive review of the innate immune alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) as well as a brief description of the molecular events leading or associated to such conditions.We show that in these patients a compromised innate immune response in-creases susceptibility to infections.

scholarly journals Clinical profiles and quality of care of subjects with type 2 diabetes according to their cardiovascular risk: an observational, retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basilio Pintaudi ◽  
Alessia Scatena ◽  
Gabriella Piscitelli ◽  
Vera Frison ◽  
Salvatore Corrao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recently defined cardiovascular risk classes for subjects with diabetes. Aim of this study was to explore the distribution of subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by cardiovascular risk groups according to the ESC classification and to describe the quality indicators of care, with particular regard to cardiovascular risk factors. Methods The study is based on data extracted from electronic medical records of patients treated at the 258 Italian diabetes centers participating in the AMD Annals initiative. Patients with T2D were stratified by cardiovascular risk. General descriptive indicators, measures of intermediate outcomes, intensity/appropriateness of pharmacological treatment for diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors, presence of other complications and overall quality of care were evaluated. Results Overall, 473,740 subjects with type 2 diabetes (78.5% at very high cardiovascular risk, 20.9% at high risk and 0.6% at moderate risk) were evaluated. Among people with T2D at very high risk: 26.4% had retinopathy, 39.5% had albuminuria, 18.7% had a previous major cardiovascular event, 39.0% had organ damage, 89.1% had three or more risk factors. The use of DPP4-i markedly increased as cardiovascular risk increased. The prescription of secretagogues also increased and that of GLP1-RAs tended to increase. The use of SGLT2-i was still limited, and only slightly higher in subjects with very high cardiovascular risk. The overall quality of care, as summarized by the Q score, tended to be lower as the level of cardiovascular risk increased. Conclusions A large proportion of subjects with T2D is at high or very high risk. Glucose-lowering drug therapies seem not to be adequately used with respect to their potential advantages in terms of cardiovascular risk reduction. Several actions are necessary to improve the quality of care.

scholarly journals Diabetes risk score in the United Arab Emirates: a screening tool for the early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Sulaiman ◽  
Ibrahim Mahmoud ◽  
Amal Hussein ◽  
Salah Elbadawi ◽  
Salah Abusnana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Non Invasive

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop a simple non-invasive risk score, specific to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) citizens, to identify individuals at increased risk of having undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.Research design and methodsA retrospective analysis of the UAE National Diabetes and Lifestyle data was conducted. The data included demographic and anthropometric measurements, and fasting blood glucose. Univariate analyses were used to identify the risk factors for diabetes. The risk score was developed for UAE citizens using a stepwise forward regression model.ResultsA total of 872 UAE citizens were studied. The overall prevalence of diabetes in the UAE adult citizens in the Northern Emirates was 25.1%. The significant risk factors identified for diabetes were age (≥35 years), a family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, body mass index ≥30.0 and waist-to-hip ratio ≥0.90 for males and ≥0.85 for females. The performance of the model was moderate in terms of sensitivity (75.4%, 95% CI 68.3 to 81.7) and specificity (70%, 95% CI 65.8 to 73.9). The area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve was 0.82 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.86).ConclusionsA simple, non-invasive risk score model was developed to help to identify those at high risk of having diabetes among UAE citizens. This score could contribute to the efficient and less expensive earlier detection of diabetes in this high-risk population.

High risk factors of atrial fibrillation in type 2 diabetes: results from the Chinese Kailuan study

QJM ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 885-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Ding ◽  
X. Zheng ◽  
A. Xing ◽  
D. Wang ◽  
S. Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Risk ◽  
High Risk Factors

scholarly journals Performance of Stepwise Screening Methods in Identifying Individuals at High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in an Iranian Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Lotfaliany ◽  
Farzad Hadaegh ◽  
Mohammad Ali Mansournia ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi ◽  
Brian Oldenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Recent evidence recommended stepwise screening methods for identifying individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes to be recruited in the lifestyle intervention programs for the prevention of the disease. This study aims to assess the performance of different stepwise screening methods that combine non-invasive measurements with lab-based measurements for identifying those with 5-years incident type 2 diabetes. Methods: 3037 participants aged ≥30 years without diabetes at baseline in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) were followed. Thirty-two stepwise screening methods were developed by combining a non-invasive measurement (an anthropometric measurement (waist-to-height ratio, WtHR) or a score based on a non-invasive risk score [Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool, AUSDRISK]) with a lab-based measurement (different cut-offs of fasting plasma glucose [FPG] or predicted risk based on three lab-based prediction models [Saint Antonio, SA; Framingham Offspring Study, FOS; and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities, ARIC]). The validation, calibration, and usefulness of lab-based prediction models were assessed before developing the stepwise screening methods. Cut-offs were derived either based on previous studies or decision-curve analyses. Results: 203 participants developed diabetes in 5 years. Lab-based risk prediction models had good discrimination power (area under the curves [AUCs]: 0.80-0.83), achieved acceptable calibration and net benefits after recalibration for population’s characteristics and were useful in a wide range of risk thresholds (5%-21%). Different stepwise methods had sensitivity ranged 20%-68%, specificity 70%-98%, and positive predictive value (PPV) 14%-46%; they identified 3%-33% of the screened population eligible for preventive interventions. Conclusion: Stepwise methods have acceptable performance in identifying those at high risk of incident type 2 diabetes.

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