scholarly journals Tobacco use among school students in Manipur, North East India: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Jalina Laishram ◽  
Mohammed Rafique ◽  
Kh. Sonarjit Singh ◽  
Brogen Singh Akoijam
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North East

Background: Tobacco use is one of the most common substance abuse indulged by adolescents worldwide. The current tobacco use among youths in the age group of 13-15 years was 14.6% (GYTS 2009, India). The tobacco situation in India is unique because of a vast spectrum of tobacco products available for smoking as well as smokeless use. This study was done to determine the prevalence of tobacco use among school students in Imphal, Manipur, India and to determine the association between tobacco use and socio-demographic characteristics.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among school students studying in class VII to class X in Imphal, Manipur using convenience sampling. Data were collected by questionnaire method. Descriptive statistics like mean, percentages and proportions were used. Chi-square test was used to determine the association and a p value of <0.05 was taken as significant.Results: The prevalence of ever use of tobacco among school students in Imphal was found to be 19.5%. And 43.4% of the ever users were current users. Ever use of tobacco was significantly associated with older age group (14-17 years), male gender, living in a nuclear family, studying in class X, being in a relationship and whose mother was educated below class X.Conclusions: Two out of every 10 students in the age group of 10-17 years in the study have ever used any kind of tobacco product. Smokeless form of tobacco was more commonly used as compared to smoked form.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding smoking in school going adolescents of Kashmir, India: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Walied Khawar Balwan ◽  
Uroosa Farooq Allaqband ◽  
Rauf Ur Rashid Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Cigarette smoking, in the developed world, has been the major habit among children for both boys and girls. They usually take to the habit while in school before the age of 18. In India, tobacco consumption in multiple forms presents an emerging, significant and growing threat to the health of the adolescents. As per  WHO Global Youth tobacco Survey GYTS (2009) India, 14.6% of students currently use any form of tobacco, 4.4%currently smoke cigarettes, 12.5% currently use some other form of tobacco. Objective was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of school going adolescents regarding smoking.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was taken in school going adolescents of Kashmir. The study included three districts from Kashmir valley and from each district, 2 government middle schools (1 girls and 1 boys), 2 government high schools (1 girls and 1 boys), 2 government higher secondary schools (1 girls and 1 boys) were selected. Also from the list of private schools one middle school, one high school and one higher secondary school (All  having co-education) were selected. Thus, a total of 27 schools, 9 from each selected district, were included in the study. A total of 1000 students participated in this study.Results: The current study included 464 males (46.4%) and 536 (53.6%) females. Among the study subjects, 523 (52.30%) belonged to the 12-15 year age bracket and 477 (47.70%) were between 16-18 years of age. Maximum of study participants belonged to nuclear family (63.10%) followed by joint family (36.90%). Majority of the study subjects belonged to socio-economic class IV (lower middle) 36.10% followed by class III (middle) 23.90% as per Modified BG Prasad’s classification.Conclusions: 75.9% opined that smoking tobacco is harmful to health in comparison to 89.1% of non-smokers, a difference found to be statistically highly significant (p value <0.001). Prevention of tobacco use in young people and the consumption of tobacco, among school students should be considered as a matter of great concern which requires holistic understanding.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) and violations of tobacco sale regulations in Myanmar: do these factors affect current tobacco use among Myanmar high school students?

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e031933
Author(s):  
Su Myat Cho ◽  
Yu Mon Saw ◽  
Nyi Nyi Latt ◽  
Thu Nandar Saw ◽  
Hein Htet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Advertising ◽  
Current Tobacco

ObjectivesTo examine the associations of current tobacco use with tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS), and illicit tobacco sales exposures among Myanmar high school students.DesignA quantitative, cross-sectional study.SettingSeven high schools from both urban and rural areas of four states and regions in Myanmar.ParticipantsIn total, 1174 high school students (482 males and 692 females) were interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire.Main outcome measureCurrent tobacco use of participants, defined as using any kind of smoked or smokeless tobacco product at least one occasion within the past 30 days.ResultsThe prevalence of TAPS exposure was 90.9% among high school students in Myanmar. Current tobacco use was positively associated with being over 14 years old (adjusted OR (AOR) 9.81; 95% CI 4.54 to 21.19), being male (AOR 28.06; 95% CI 13.29 to 59.25), exposure to any kind of TAPS (AOR 6.59; 95% CI 2.33 to 18.64), having seen any smoked tobacco product for sale inside or within 100 feet of the school premises (AOR 4.17; 95% CI 1.65 to 10.58), having seen the sale or gifting of any smoked tobacco product to minors (AOR 6.46; 95% CI 2.18 to 19.12) and having seen the sale or distribution of any smoked tobacco product by minors (AOR 2.42; 95% CI 1.42 to 4.10). Having ever received health education about tobacco use (AOR 0.45; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.78), or having a higher perception score of tobacco use (AOR 0.17; 95% CI 0.10 to 0.30) were negatively associated with current tobacco use.ConclusionsThere was an alarming prevalence of TAPS exposure among Myanmar high school students. TAPS exposure and violations of tobacco sale regulations were strong risk factors for current tobacco use among Myanmar high school students, while health education about tobacco products was reported as an effective protective factor. Specific smokeless tobacco sale regulations for minors are needed immediately in Myanmar.

scholarly journals Magnitude of exposure and perception of second hand smoking among rural population in Trichy, Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2946
Author(s):  
Hemalatha K. ◽  
Varunkumar R. ◽  
Vandana S. J.
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protection Measures

Background: India is one of the countries where tobacco use is highly prevalent. Tobacco use in the form of smoking is related to occurrence of multiple health related problems in smokers and also general population.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 360 adults residing in a rural area of Tiruchirappalli. Cluster sampling was used to select the study participants. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on tobacco use, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), knowledge on its health effects and protection measures. Data was entered and analyzed using Epi info 7.2. The results were presented in the form of mean and percentage. Chi-square was used to find the association between the parameters and ETS. A p value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Mean age of the study group was 38.5±10.8 years. Proportion of males and females was 53.9% and 46.1% respectively. Two hundred and fifty five (70.8%) were non-smokers and 29.2% have ever smoked some form of tobacco product. Thirty seven percent of the non-smokers were exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the past 15 days and exposure was higher among males (46.7%) than females (31.3%) (χ2 value=6.3; p=0.014). Public place was the most common place of exposure (25.5%) to ETS. Significantly higher proportion of smokers had correct knowledge on ill effects of ETS than smokers (χ2 value=12.3; p= 0.0004).Conclusions: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was significantly high in the study population. Either strict enforcement of laws or banning cigarette sale completely would help reducing the exposure to cigarette smoke which is an important risk factor for multiple non communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Tobacco use among rural schoolchildren of 13-15 years age group: A cross-sectional study

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
RekhaP Shenoy ◽  
PrashanthK Shenai ◽  
GaneshShenoy Panchmal ◽  
ShashidharM Kotian
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group A

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Use of Tobacco among Higher Secondary Students of Kalimati, Kathmandu

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 381-387
Author(s):  
Mamata Pradhan ◽  
Basanti Pokharel ◽  
Anisha Khadgi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Strength Of Association

Background: Tobacco product are products made entirely or partly of leaf tobacco as raw material, which are intended to be smoked, sucked, chewed, or snuffed. Tobacco use, among the adolescents is a growing public health problem the world has ever faced. More than 7 million deaths occur from tobacco use every day. Literature has shown that the prevalence of the tobacco uses was high among adolescents. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used.150 respondents were taken as sample size. Probability sampling technique and self- administered questionnaire modified from GYTS, Version 2011 was used as a research instruments. Analysis was done using SPSSversion 16. Findings: The study revealed that maximum 57.3% were male, majority 71.3% were from nuclear family, more than fifty 62.7% respondent's family uses tobacco products and majority75.8% tobacco is used by the respondent’s father. Majority 73.3% uses the hookah, more than half 64% gets tobacco from shop, and almost half 46.7% initiated tobacco product as experiment/curiosity and majority 74.7% uses in café. There is statically association found on frequency of tobacco used by the respondents with sex, residence of the respondent, time spend by the parents and initiated age of the tobacco. Greater strength of association on sex and initiated age of the tobacco use where lower strength of association on residence of the respondents and time spend by family. Conclusion: About 15-20% of each higher secondary school students involve on the use of tobacco products. Gender, living place, time spend by the parents, initiated age of tobacco use, increase café cultural, easy availability and accessibility were the common factors for the use of tobacco among higher secondary students. So buying and selling tobacco products everywhere must be prohibited and adolescents should be restricted to use tobacco products in café or public places. Key words: Tobacco, Higher Secondary Students, Factors.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic determinants of tuberculosis patients attending directly observed treatment short course centre in urban Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1756
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Mohit Raghav ◽  
S. S. Chaudhary ◽  
Manisha .
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Background: Tuberculosis was the first infectious disease declared by the WHO as a global health emergency. Men are more commonly affected than women. The case notifications were higher in males than in females most countries. The objective of the study was to assess socio-demographic determinants of tuberculosis patients attending directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) centre in Urban Ghaziabad.Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study. The study was carried out in selected DOTS centres of district Ghaziabad. 850 study subjects age group more than 15 years were included.  Multistage sampling was done. Numbers and percentage were used. SPSS version 13 was used for statistical analysis.Results: Majority 41.17% of tuberculosis (TB) patients belonged to 15-25 years age group. 30.58% patients were in 26-35 years age group followed by 23.52% in 36-45 years age group and least 4.70% were in >45 years age group. Majority 54.1% of TB patients were females that compared to 45.9% were males. Among tuberculosis patients majority 58.82% were married as compared to 40% were unmarried and least 1.18% were widow. 75.29% tuberculosis patients were Hindus as compared to 22.35 were Muslims and least 2.35% were Sikh/Christian. Among tuberculosis patients majority 44.71% were from nuclear family. 31.76% had joint family and least 23.53% had 3rd generation family.Conclusions: It was concluded that socio-demographic determinants were low. It was recommended to raise socioeconomic standard of population, give health education to improve personal habit and stop TB transmission. 

scholarly journals Knowledge of prevention of COVID-19 among the general people in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study in Rajshahi district

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243410
Author(s):  
Md. Masud Rana ◽  
Md. Reazul Karim ◽  
Md. Abdul Wadood ◽  
Md. Mahbubul Kabir ◽  
Md. Mahidul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government

Background Until now, no vaccine or effective drug is available for the control, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19. Preventive measures are the only ways to be protected from the disease and knowledge of the people about the preventive measures is a vital matter. Objectives The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of the general people in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh regarding the COVID-19 preventive measures. Methodology This cross sectional study was conducted from March 10 to April 25, 2020. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire from 436 adult respondents selected by using a mixed sampling technique. Frequency analysis, chi-square test, and logistic regression model were utilized in this study. SPSS (IBM, Version 22) was used for data analysis. 95% confidence interval and p-value = 0.05 were accepted for statistical significance. Results Only 21.6% of the respondents had good knowledge of the COVID-19 preventive measures. The highest 67.2% of them knew that washing hands with soap could prevent the disease, but contrarily, the highest 72.5% did not know that avoidance of touching mouth, nose, and eyes without washing hands was a preventive measure. Only 28.4% and 36.9% of the respondents knew that maintaining physical distancing and avoiding mass gatherings were measures of prevention of COVID-19 respectively. The younger age (≤25 years), low family income (≤15,000 Bangladeshi Taka (BDT), occupation others than business and service, and nuclear family had the lower odds of having no/less knowledge about the preventive measures. Conclusions The knowledge level of the general people regarding prevention of COVID-19 was alarmingly low in Bangladesh. The government of Bangladesh, health policy makers and donor agencies should consider the findings and take immediate steps for improving knowledge of the public about prevention of the disease.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Tobacco and E-Cigarette Use in Poland: A 2019 Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Pinkas ◽  
Dorota Kaleta ◽  
Wojciech Stefan Zgliczyński ◽  
Aleksandra Lusawa ◽  
Iwona Wrześniewska-Wal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Current Prevalence

Monitoring of tobacco use is one of the key tobacco control activities. This study aimed to assess the current prevalence and patterns of tobacco and e-cigarette in Poland as well as to investigate socioeconomic factors associated with cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use. This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2019, on a representative nationwide sample of 1011 individuals aged 15+ in Poland. Daily tobacco smoking was declared by 21.0% of participants; 1.3% of participants were occasional tobacco smokers, and 10.7% were former tobacco smokers. Heated tobacco was used by 0.4% of participants. Ever e-cigarette use was declared by 4.0% of participants and 1.4% were current e-cigarette users. A higher proportion of daily smokers was observed among men than women (24.4% vs. 18.0%; p < 0.0001). The age group 30 to 49 years, of a lower educational level and living in a medium-sized city (between 20,000 and 500,000 residents), was significantly associated with current daily smoking. This is the most up-to-date study on the prevalence of smoking in Poland. Further tobacco control activities are needed to reduce tobacco use in Poland.

scholarly journals HYPONATREMIA;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1647-1651
Author(s):  
Riaz Ahmed Javid ◽  
Ayesha Ghafoor ◽  
Ifrah Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To find out the frequency of hyponatremia in cases of hepaticencephalopathy. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Medicine DGKhan Hospital, DG Khan. Period: July 2016 to December 2016. Material and Methods: Total80 patients with hepatic encephalopathy either male or female were selected for this study.Hyponatremia was assessed in these selected patients. Results: Mean age of the patientswas 38.34 ± 11.140 years. Hyponatremia was found in 31 (39%) patients. Hyponatremia wasnoted in 13 (41.94%) patients of age group 18-36 years and 18 (36.73%) patients of age group37-55 years. Statistically insignificant association of hyponatremia with age was seen with pvalue 0.6467. Hyponatremia was found in 21 (40.38%) male patients and 10 (35.71%) femalepatients. But the difference of frequency of hyponatremia between male and female patients wasstatistically insignificant with p value 0.8109. Conclusion: Results of this study showed a higherpercentage of hyponatremia in patients with HE. Male were more victim of HE as compared tofemale but insignificant association of hyponatremia with gender is noted. Findings of presentstudy showed that there is insignificant association of hyponatremia with grade of HE, socioeconomicstatus, area of residence and age.

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