scholarly journals Cyber bullying: an emerging problem in COVID-19 times among students taking online classes undergoing graduation in North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Singh Anshu ◽  
Kumar Prem ◽  
Purwar Neeti
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
North India ◽  
P Value ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Online Portal ◽  
Online Lectures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Virtual Classes

Background: As COVID-19 continues, academics have shifted from practical and virtual classes to web-based online lectures. Being an online portal, virtual offences can also take place. One of them is cyberbullying. Students are already undergoing phase of psychosocial changes because of this scenario. If an incident of cyberbullying happens with them or with their friends and siblings, it causes a great impact on their mental health. To determine the prevalence of cyberbullying among students who were currently taking online classes.Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted through Google form from July to September 2020 on the students >18 years taking online classes. All the students who gave consent and filled the form were included. The aim of the study was explained. Information collected was kept strictly confidential.Results: A total of 462 participants (mean age=22±4 years) completed an online survey comprising of about 55% females and 45% males. Around 22% of the study subjects had reported that they were bullied either in schools or previously also. Through this online survey nearly 11% of the study subjects reported that they were cyber bullied in the past 2-3 months and about 13% were not sure whether they were cyberbullied or not. There is statistically significant difference (p value=0.0081) between gender and cyberbullying and also among medical and non-medical students (p value=0.0001).Conclusions: Cyberbullying is increasing along with online classes which is more experienced with girls. According to this study, it is more experienced by the girls now a days. There is a marked difference in the occurrence of cyberbullying among medical and non-medical streams.

Effect of Online Classes on Dry Eye Disease in Children: A Hospital Based Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangameshwarayya Salimath ◽  
Salma Sultana ◽  
Brijesh Appasaheb Patil ◽  
Kalpana R Kulkarni ◽  
Shishir K. Nyamagoudar
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose:  To determine the effect of online classes on dry eye disease in children. Study Design:  Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study:  Department of Ophthalmology HSK hospital, Navanagar, Bagalkot, India, from October 2020 to November 2020. Methods:  A total of 454 students attending online classes between the ages of 3 – 18 years were selected. Questionnaire was presented which included name, age, sex, residence, duration of online studies and duration in hours per day along with the various signs and symptoms according to SPEED questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS version 17. Quantitative variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation, while qualitative data was presented as frequency and percentages and compared by chi square test. P-value of < 0.005 was considered as significant. Results:  Of the 454 responses, 316 (69.6%) had symptoms of dry eye disease, of which 159 were girls and 157 boys. There was no significant difference between boys and girls. Children taking online classes for 2 – 3 hours and for 4 to 6 months duration were more affected by the dry eye disease. Based on severity of grading system, 246 (84.2%) had mild symptoms, 42 (9.3%) had moderate symptoms and 28 ([6.2%) had severe symptoms. One hundred and twenty children visited ophthalmologist and 28.5% had their treatment of dry eye started. Conclusion:  Online classes have resulted in increase in the frequency of dry eye disease in children. Proper education about the usage of screen time and educating parents about early treatment is essential. Key Words:  Dry eye disease, Symptoms, Headache, Online learning.

scholarly journals Diabetes knowledge, risk perception, and quality of life among South Asian caregivers in young adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001268
Author(s):  
Angela Koipuram ◽  
Sandra Carroll ◽  
Zubin Punthakee ◽  
Diana Sherifali
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Design And Methods

IntroductionPersons of South Asian descent have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The management of T2DM in the South Asian community has required the support of adult children, potentially impacting the quality of life, diabetes-related knowledge, and risk perception among these caregivers.Research design and methodsTo investigate diabetes-related knowledge, quality of life, risk perception, and actual risk of developing diabetes among South Asian young adults whose parents are living with T2DM. A cross-sectional study was conducted (n=150). An online survey was administered. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference in diabetes-related knowledge between males and females (p<0.001). Males (in comparison to females) had a lower risk perception of developing diabetes (p=0.06). Further, risk perception and diabetes-related knowledge were positively associated with caregiver’s physical health (p=0.002).ConclusionFindings highlight the importance of providing gender-specific and culturally tailored diabetes educational interventions.

Safety climate and related factors in rehabilitation nurses of hospitals in Iran

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Javad vatani ◽  
Zahra Khanikosarkhizi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Shahabi Rabori ◽  
mohammad khandan ◽  
Mohsen aminizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Climate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Climate Assessment ◽  
Safety Work ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Individual

BACKGROUND: Safety climate is a common insight of staff that indicates individuals’ attitudes toward safety and priority of safety at work. OBJECTIVES: Nursing is a risky job where paying attention to safety is crucial. The assessment of the safety climate is one of the methods to measure the safety conditions in this occupation. The aim of this study was to assess the safety climate of rehabilitation nurses working in hospitals in Tehran. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study which was carried out on 140 rehabilitation nurses selected from all hospitals and clinics in Tehran in 2019. To collect the required data, a two-section questionnaire was used. The first section was related to demographic factors and the second part (22 statements) was to measure the safety climate using nurses’ safety climate assessment questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS V16 using independent t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test at the 5% level. RESULTS: Findings showed that the total mean of safety climate was 3.06±0.56. According to the results, a significant difference was found between the positive and negative satisfaction of nurses with safety climates (P-value = 0.03), communication with nurses (P-value = 0.01) and supervisors’ attitude (P-value = 0.02). Furthermore, a significant difference in safety climate between the individual with the second job and the individual without second could be observed (P-value = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the safety climate was not at an acceptable level. Thus, it is essential to introduce safety training courses (e.g. safety, work-rest balance, and so on) and to improve the safety performance at work.

Attitude towards online classes among school and college going students during lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3446
Author(s):  
Saurav Kumar ◽  
Shiv Prakash ◽  
Mona Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
College Going ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the attitude of the school and college-going students towards online classes. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted on 228 school and college-going students fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria selected through purposive sampling methods. A semi-structured online questionnaire consisting of a socio-demographic questionnaire and Attitude towards online classes (ATOC) questionnaire was prepared by the researcher using Google form. The link of the questionnaire was sent to all the selected respondents through WhatsApp messages and emails. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 20 software. The reliability of the attitude questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha test. The association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi-square tests. The comparison between variables was assessed using the students independent t-test.Results: More than half of the respondents (51.32%) were found with a positive attitude towards online classes. There was a significant association found between attitude towards online classes and socio-demographic variables such as age (p<0.05), academic level (p<0.05), and family income (p<0.01). The respondents who attended online classes (p<0.05), have technical knowledge (p<0.01), and got supported by their parents in the study (p<0.05) were found significantly high positive attitudes towards online classes. There was a significant difference found in the attitude of the respondents who faced psychological disturbances such as a decline in attention-concentration (p<0.05), irritation-anger (p<0.01), and tension (p<0.05) due to online classes.Conclusions: Although, online classes are more beneficial for the students and teachers in their academic activities during the lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic but it can’t take place of traditional face-to-face classes. 

scholarly journals Peak expiratory flow rate among smokers and non-smokers working in Kathmandu Medical College

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Preetu Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Background: Cigarette smoking has remained a popular habit since ages. Most people are well aware of the deleterious effects of cigarette smoking yet continue to give a blind eye which dete­riorates overall public health. The purpose of the present study was to assess Peak Expiratory Flow Rate among smoking and nonsmoking staffs who work in Kathmandu Medical College. Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study Peak Expiratory Flow Rate was obtained using Mini Wright’s Peak Flow Meter of 108 smokers and 108 nonsmokers in the age group ranging from 25-45 years. Those who never smoked or who have quit smoking for the past 2 years were grouped as nonsmokers and the smokers with history of smoking at least five or more cigarettes per day for at least two years were included in the study for measuring their Peak Expiratory Flow Rate. Data was collected, compiled and analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) software version16. Student ‘t’ test was used for group comparison. Results: The Peak Expiratory Flow Rate value was significantly reduced in the smokers (p value< 0.05). Mean Peak Expiratory Flow Rate was reduced with increasing age of the smokers. However, no significant difference was observed in Peak Expiratory Flow Rate with increase in the number of cigarettes smoked (p value> 0.05). Conclusions: In the study Peak Expiratory Flow Rate among smokers (367.13 ± 74.182) was lower than nonsmokers (471.39±60.842), which was statistically significant proving that cigarette smok­ing reduced peak expiratory flow rate.

scholarly journals Study of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Normal Nepalese Adults Using Ultrasound

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidur KC ◽  
Amit Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Though invasive intracranial devices are gold standard to calculate intracranial pressure (ICP); these are not without any complications. Non-invasive measurement of ICP by Ultrasonography could be a safe and portable technique.Objectives: The objective of the study was to measure and compare values of optic nerve sheath diameter of both eyes in healthy Nepalese adults.Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study of healthy adult Nepalese volunteers was performed using a 7.5 MHz linear Ultrasound probe on the closed eyelids; optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) was measured 3 mm behind the globe in each eye.Results: Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) of both eyes was measured in 100 healthy volunteers of age ranged from 15 to 75 years with a mean of 30.21 ± 14.05 years. There were 18 (18%) male and 82 (82%) female. ONSD for right eye ranged from 3.20 to 4.90 mm with mean of 4.10 ± 0.50 mm and left eye from 3.20 to 4.80 mm with mean of 4.22 ± 0.49 mm. P value for right and left eye ONSD (P = 0.06) and male and female (P = 0.12 and 0.85 for right and left ONSD respectively) were within normal limits. ONSD has no correlation with age (P = 0.27 and 0.27 for right and left ONSD respectively).Conclusion Mean of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is 4.10mm and 4.22 mm for right and left eye respectively. There is no statistical significant difference in mean of ONSD between right and left eye. BJHS 2018;3(1)5 : 357-360

scholarly journals Harm Perception and Attitudes towards E-cigarette Use Among Qatar University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Kurdi ◽  
Hanan Abdul Rahim ◽  
Ghadir Al-Jayyousi ◽  
Manar Yaseen ◽  
Aetefeh Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is becoming popular worldwide especially among youth. Research reported that university students have poor knowledge and misconceptions about the health risks of e-cigarettes, which may lead students to use them even in populations where prevalence of cigarette smoking is relatively low. At this age, the influence of peers is also significant. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of e-cigarette use among university students as well as their knowledge and attitudes towards e-cigarettes. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study among Qatar University students using a self-administered online questionnaire. Descriptive univariate analysis of all variables was conducted as well as a bivariate analysis to check the association of e-cigarette use with selected variables. A binary logistic regression was conducted to assess predictors of e-cigarette use. Results: The prevalence of e-cigarette use among students was found to be 14% where 32% of them were daily users. Approximately 42% of the participants agreed that ‘e-cigarettes are less harmful to health compared to traditional cigarettes, and 45.7% of them agreed that ‘e-cigarettes can prevent smoking traditional cigarettes. The prevalence of e-cigarettes use was 16.2% among males and 12.8% among females, which showed no significant difference between the two genders. Females were more likely to use e-cigarettes because they “don’t smell” (P-value=0.023). The study showed a significant association between e-cigarette use and knowledge items (P-value < 0.05) and having a smoker among siblings or friends. At the multivariate analysis level, only the friends’ effect remained significant after controlling for the other variables (OR= 7.3, P-value=0.000). Conclusion: Our research found that university students have inadequate knowledge and misconceptions in regards to e-cigarettes use, especially among users. Effective smoking prevention policy and educational interventions are needed to enhance awareness among university students about the health effects associated with e-cigarettes use.

scholarly journals Effect of Hand Held Vibrating Tools on Nerve Conduction Study in Dental Residents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-455
Author(s):  
Rekha Limbu ◽  
Dilip Thakur ◽  
Nirmala Limbu ◽  
Prakash Parajuli ◽  
Shivalal Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Nerve Conduction Study ◽  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Residents ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Repetitive Exposure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nerve Dysfunction

Background: Repetitive exposure to vibration has been shown to induce peripheral nerve dysfunction. Dentists are exposed to handheld vibrating tools in their daily clinical practice. Most of the studies are done in dentists who have symptoms such as paresthesia and numbness of the hands. Thus, we conducted the study to explore the effect of vibration on nerve conduction variables in apparently healthy asymptomatic dental residents. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 22 dental residents and age matched 22 medical residents as controls. Nerve conduction study was performed in median and ulnar nerves of both hands. Results: Anthropometric and cardiorespiratory variables were comparable between the groups. There were no statistically significant differences between dental and medical residents in the sensory conduction variables (right median onset latency=2.05±0.27 vs 1.91±0.21, p value=0.07; right median amplitude =27.80±8.11 vs 29.55±7.04, p=0.45; right median conduction velocity = 59.54±7.05 vs 61.06±5.15, p= 0.42) and motor conduction variables (right median distal latency = 2.87±0.38 vs 2.87±0.38, p= 0.94; right median distal amplitude=10.71±2.19 vs 11.10±2.37, p=0.58; right median conduction velocity= 70.57±13.16 vs 68.53±7.73, p= 0.54) of median and ulnar nerves. Further, there was no significant difference between the dominant and non-dominant hands of dental residents. Conclusions: Hand held vibration tools did not alter nerve conduction study parameters of dental residents. Keywords: Dentists; nerve conduction study; vibration.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Profil Lipid pada Akseptor Depo Medroksi Progesteron Asetat dengan Implant Levonorgestrel di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Air Tawar Padang Tahun 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafika Oktova ◽  
Desmiwarti Desmiwarti ◽  
Arni Amir
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstrakDepo Medroksiprogesteron Asetat dan Implant Levonorgestrel merupakan kontrasepsi hormonal progestin sintetik yang memiliki efek samping yaitu peningkatan berat badan dan mempengaruhi metabolisme lipid. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan profil lipid pada akseptor Depo Medroksiprogesteron Asetat dengan Implant Levonorgestrel. Ini adalah studi observasional dengan desain cross sectional comparative. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Bagian Biokimia Fakultas Universitas Andalas dari Maret sampai Mei 2014. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari dua kelompok, masing-masing 20 subjek. Pemeriksaan dengan metode enzimatis kolorimetri yaitu GPO-PAP untuk trigliserida, dan CHOD-PAP untuk kolesterol total, HDL dan LDL. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t dengan nilai p<0.05 dianggap bermakna secara statistik. Rerata kadar LDL pada Depo Medroksiprogesteron Asetat lebih tinggi (95,51 ± 20,47) mg/dl daripada Implant Levonorgestrel (79,35 ± 12,55) mg/dl dengan nilai p<0,05 artinya terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna sedangkan kadar trigliserida, kolesterol total dan HDL tidak bermakna. Kesimpulan penelitian in adalah terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna rerata kadar LDL pada Depo MedroksiprogesteronAsetat dan Implant Levonorgestrel, sedangkan kadar trigliserida, kolesterol total dan HDL tidak bermakna. Secara klinis profil lipid pada kedua kelompok dalam keadaan normal.Kata kunci: profil lipid, depo medroksiprogesteron asetat, implant levonorgestrelAbstractDepo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Levonorgestrel Implants are synthetic progestine hormonal contraceptives that have side effect in body weight and lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine the differences of lipid profile between acceptors Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Levonorgestrel Implants. This was a comparative cross sectional study. The study was done at laboratory of Biochemistry Departement in Medical Faculty of Andalas University from March until May 2014. The subjects were consisted of two groups, each group had 20 subjects. The examination used an enzymatic colorimetric method GPO-PAP for trygliserides and CHOD-PAP for total cholesterol, HDL and LDL. Data was analyzed using analysis of t-test with p<0.05 was considered to be significantly different. LDL levels average in Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate was (95,51 ± 20,47) mg/dl and Levonorgestrel Implants was (79,35 ± 12,55) mg/dl with p-value, it means there is a significantly difference, but levels of trygliserides, total cholesterol and HDL means there is no significantly difference. This research concluded that there is a significant difference on average levels of LDL in the Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Levonorgestrel Implants but levels of trygliserides, total cholesterol and HDL there is no significantly difference. The clinically lipid profile in the two groups is in normal range.Keywords: lipid profile, depo medroxyprogesterone acetate and levonorgestrel implants

scholarly journals Association of Pre-hypertension with blood groups in young population.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1820-1824
Author(s):  
Benash Altaf ◽  
Shireen Jawed ◽  
Fakiha Behram ◽  
Zeeshan Ali Khan ◽  
Shakeela Naz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Group A ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A

Objectives: Pakistan has highest mortality rate due to hypertension and its complications. Hypertension is a squealed of Pre- hypertension which is believed to start at adolescent and continue to adulthood. Association of blood group with hypertension is evident but still hypothesized. This study aims to find the frequency of prehypertension and its association with blood group. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting:  Aziz Fatimah Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad. Period: 15 March’18 to 15 Sep’18. Material and Methods:  It was comprised of in comprised of 100 MBBS students. Demographic data including age, weight, height, waist and hip circumference, and BMI was determined. Blood group was determined with help of conventional slide method. Blood pressure was measured by auscultatory method. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 21. Continuous variables are given in mean and standard deviation. Categorical data was given in frequency and percentages. P value≤ 0.05 is taken as significant. Results: Out of 100 participants most common blood group was group ‘O’ (43%) followed by B (35 %) and AB (13%) and A (9%).36% of total population was pre-hypertensive and 64% were normotensive. Prehypertension is most commonly found in blood group ‘A’ (77%) followed by blood group ‘O’ (46.5%). Significant difference was found in means of SBP (p value= 0.001*) and DBP (p value= 0.000*) among the various blood groups. Conclusion: Most common blood group in studied population was ‘O’ although hypertension was most commonly observed in blood group A followed by ‘O’.

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