Clinical patterns, causes, and treatment of torus palatinus

There are two types of tori, including torus palatinus and torus mandibularis. Evidence shows that these lesions usually progress slowly, and a spontaneous growth stop is usually another characteristic. Affected patients are usually asymptomatic. However, symptoms might be reported in edentulous patients and cases when the lesion is huge. In the present study, we elaborated on the causes, clinical patterns, and treatment of torus palatinus. The etiology of the condition is unclear, and different theories were reported in the literature, suggesting that the etiology of these cases is usually attributed to environmental and genetic predisposition. It has been defined as a benign tumor that presents in the maxillary bone and is usually asymptomatic. Therefore, the diagnosis of the condition is usually easy. However, it is recommended to conduct a differential diagnosis with other relevant malignant lesions in this area. Surgical interventions are not usually needed as the condition is usually discovered accidentally. However, in cases of tori-related prosthetic or functional discomfort, surgery can be conducted.

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Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in differential diagnosis of cardiac masses

European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging ◽

10.1093/ehjci/jeaa356.334 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

EC D"angelo ◽

P Paolisso ◽

L Bergamaschi ◽

A Foa ◽

I Magnani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Pericardial Effusion ◽

Tissue Characterization ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Gadolinium Enhancement ◽

Malignant Lesions ◽

T1 And T2 ◽

Cardiac Masses

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): S. Orsola Hospital Background Differential diagnosis of cardiac masses represents a challenging issue with important implications for therapeutic management and patient’s prognosis. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) is a non-invasive imaging technique used to characterize morphologic and functional features of masses. Integration of these information can lead an accurate diagnosis. Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic role of CMR in defining the nature of cardiac masses. Methods : Ninety-three patients with cardiac masses evaluated with CMR were enrolled. All masses had histological certainty. CMR sequences allowed a qualitative morphologic description as well as tissue characterization. Evaluation of masses morphology included localization, size and borders assessment, detection of potential multiple lesions and pericardial effusion. Tissue characterization resulted from an estimation of contrast enhancement - early gadolinium enhancement (EGE) and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) sequences - and tissue homogeneity in T1 and T2 weighted acquisitions. The descriptive analysis was carried out by comparing benign vs malignant lesions as well as dividing patients into 4 subgroups: primitive benign tumours, primitive malignant tumours, metastatic tumours and pseudotumours. Results The descriptive analysis of the morphologic features showed that diameter > 50mm, invasion of surrounding planes, irregular margins and presence of pericardial effusion were able to predict malignancy (p < 0.001). As for tissue characteristics, heterogeneous signal intensity - independently from T1 and T2 weighted acquisitions - and EGE were more common in malignant lesions (p <0.001). When analysing the four subgroups, CMR features did not discriminate between primitive malignant masses and metastasis. Conversely, hyperintensity signal and EGE were able to distinguish benign primitive lesions from pseudotumors (p = 0.002). Furthermore, using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis, we developed an algorithm to differentiate masses: invasion of surrounding planes was a common characteristic of malignancy and identifies itself malignant tumors. In the absence of invasive features, gadolinium enhancement was evaluated: the lack of contrast uptake was able to exclude a pseudotumor diagnosis and reduced the probability of a primary benign tumor. Conclusions Cardiac magnetic resonance is a very powerful diagnostic tool for differential diagnosis of cardiac masses as it correctly addresses malignancy. Furthermore, an accurate evaluation of the several CMR features, may discriminate primary benign masses and pseudotumours. Abstract Figure. Benign and malignant cardiac masses

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BRAIN TUMORS IN INFANCY

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds-1-3-346 ◽

1948 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 346-363

Author(s):

I. WALLACE LEIBNER

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Full Recovery ◽

The Other ◽

Congenital Hydrocephalus ◽

First Case ◽

Clinical Patterns

Seven cases of brain tumors occurring in infants are presented. Six occurred in males and one was in a female. Three of them arose in the cerebellum while the other four were supratentorial. The tumors included two medulloblastomas, one [See Table II in Source Pdf] spongioblastoma polare, one ependymoma, one astrocytoma and one hemangioblastoma. The seventh case probably was also one of medulloblastoma. One of the proven medulloblastomas was supratentorial, which is unusual so faras location is concerned. The hemangioblastoma arose in the cerebrum. The location of this tumor is also a rare one and to my knowledge, it is the first case of its type reported in an infant in whom full recovery occurred following removal of the tumor. The diagnosis was unsuspected in four cases. Three of these infants were believed to be suffering from congenital hydrocephalus while the fourth was thought to be afflicted with encephalitis. The ways in which the correct diagnosis might have been made are discussed. Since bizarre clinical patterns are sometimes produced by brain tumors in infants and the diagnosis frequently overlooked, the possibility should be kept in mind by the pediatrician in considering the differential diagnosis of conditions producing signs referable to the nervous system.

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Gastric schwannoma: a benign tumor often misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Clinics and Practice ◽

10.4081/cp.2015.775 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Apurva S. Shah ◽

Pravin M. Rathi ◽

Vaibhav S. Somani ◽

Astha M. Mulani

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor ◽

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽

Rare Case ◽

Benign Tumor ◽

Stromal Tumor ◽

Mesenchymal Tumors ◽

Stromal Tumors ◽

Gastric Schwannoma ◽

Gastric Mass

Gastric schwannomas are rare mesenchymal tumors that arise from the nerve plexus of gut wall. They present with nonspecific symptoms and are often detected incidentally. Preoperative investigation is not pathognomic and many are therefore misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumors. We report a rare case of a 37-year old woman who underwent laparotomy for complex bilateral ovarian cyst with resection of gastric-gastrointestinal stromal tumor preoperatively, but confirmed to have a gastric schwannomas postoperatively. This case underscores the differential diagnosis of submucosal, exophytic gastric mass as schwannoma.

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Application of ultrasound artificial intelligence in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant breast lesions of BI-RADS 4A

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-020-07413-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sihua Niu ◽

Jianhua Huang ◽

Jia Li ◽

Xueling Liu ◽

Dan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Breast Imaging ◽

Texture Features ◽

Matrix Analysis ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Malignant Group ◽

Malignant Lesions ◽

Occurrence Matrix ◽

Benign Group

Abstract Background The classification of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 4A (BI-RADS 4A) lesions is mostly based on the personal experience of doctors and lacks specific and clear classification standards. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) provides a new method for BI-RADS categorisation. We analysed the ultrasonic morphological and texture characteristics of BI-RADS 4A benign and malignant lesions using AI, and these ultrasonic characteristics of BI-RADS 4A benign and malignant lesions were compared to examine the value of AI in the differential diagnosis of BI-RADS 4A benign and malignant lesions. Methods A total of 206 lesions of BI-RADS 4A examined using ultrasonography were analysed retrospectively, including 174 benign lesions and 32 malignant lesions. All of the lesions were contoured manually, and the ultrasonic morphological and texture features of the lesions, such as circularity, height-to-width ratio, margin spicules, margin coarseness, margin indistinctness, margin lobulation, energy, entropy, grey mean, internal calcification and angle between the long axis of the lesion and skin, were calculated using grey level gradient co-occurrence matrix analysis. Differences between benign and malignant lesions of BI-RADS 4A were analysed. Results Significant differences in margin lobulation, entropy, internal calcification and ALS were noted between the benign group and malignant group (P = 0.013, 0.045, 0.045, and 0.002, respectively). The malignant group had more margin lobulations and lower entropy compared with the benign group, and the benign group had more internal calcifications and a greater angle between the long axis of the lesion and skin compared with the malignant group. No significant differences in circularity, height-to-width ratio, margin spicules, margin coarseness, margin indistinctness, energy, and grey mean were noted between benign and malignant lesions. Conclusions Compared with the naked eye, AI can reveal more subtle differences between benign and malignant BI-RADS 4A lesions. These results remind us carefully observation of the margin and the internal echo is of great significance. With the help of morphological and texture information provided by AI, doctors can make a more accurate judgment on such atypical benign and malignant lesions.

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Laparoscopic Resection of a Giant Dedifferentiated Primary Retroperitoneal Mucinous Cystadenoma (PRMC) in a Young Woman: A Case Report and Literature Review

Journal of Clinical Case Studies ◽

10.16966/2471-4925.215 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wu L ◽

Li X ◽

Li J ◽

Lai Y

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Case Report ◽

Literature Review ◽

Benign Tumor ◽

Laparoscopic Resection ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Mucinous Cystadenoma ◽

Rare Benign Tumor ◽

Primary Retroperitoneal

Background: PRMC is a very rare benign tumor of the abdominal cavity that usually occurs in women, and PRMC demonstrate no specific findings on CT. There are many reports on the differential diagnosis and discussion of PRMC imaging, but there are few reports on the treatment of dedifferentiated PRMC using laparoscopic resection and postoperative follow-up.

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Features of the decidualized endometriosis diagnosis and course during pregnancy

Bulletin of Russian State Medical University ◽

10.24075/brsmu.2021.059 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

AA Gerasimova ◽

LA Asyrafyan ◽

IB Manuchin ◽

MV Shamarakova ◽

MS Miryasova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Ultrasound Imaging ◽

Imaging Data ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Rational Treatment ◽

Borderline Tumors ◽

Results Of Treatment ◽

Risk Of Malignancy ◽

Risk Of Malignancy Index

Currently, surgical treatment aimed to exclude the malignant ovarian tumors is performed in almost 90% of patients with decidualized endometrial cysts (DEC). However, unnecessary surgical interventions increase the risk to maternal and fetal health. The study was aimed to perform a differential diagnosis of DEC in pregnant women in order to define the rational treatment. A total of 82 female patients were included in the study: 63 had endometrial cysts (EC), 16 had DEC, 3 had rare forms of endometriosis, and 10 had ovarian serous papillary borderline tumors. When performing the diagnostic ultrasound, our proposed model was used. The ultrasound imaging data obtained were juxtaposed with the concentration of the protein tumor markers (СА-125), the risk of malignancy index (RMI) was calculated, and the morphological assessment of the masses was performed. The ultrasound imaging parameters, being the most valuable for differential diagnosis of EC, DEC, and serous borderline tumors, were as follows: the altered mass wall thickness, the existence and shape of papillary masses, avascular echogenic inclusions with blurry contour, blood circulation and arrangement of blood vessels, ascites. The frequency analysis revealed the differences between groups based on the ultrasound imaging data (in 60–100% of observations). Histological examination revealed the differences between groups in 100% of observations. Our findings have made it impossible to prolong pregnancy in patients with DEC without performing surgery. The results of treatment provided to patients with DEC during pregnancy were worse compared to those in patients with no prominent decidualization in ovarian EC. Today, the diagnosis of DEC and the treatment of patients during pregnancy remain unsophisticated. Further clinical observation and the search for more reliable methods of the diagnosis and rational treatment of pregnant women with DEC are required.

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CERVICOFACIAL ACTINOMYCOSIS: A DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF MALIGNANT LESIONS

10.5151/sbr2019-050 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

DIVINO FRANÇA ◽

ANA LUISA GARCIA GIAMBERARDINO ◽

PATRICIA ARENAS ROCHA ◽

VALERIA MIDORI GUTOSKI YUKI ◽

LAURA PICCOLI SILVA GRANERO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Malignant Lesions

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A case report of DOPA-responsive dystonia in a young woman

Bulletin of Russian State Medical University ◽

10.24075/brsmu.2020.031 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 45-48

Author(s):

NA Belykh ◽

MA Akhkyamova ◽

VV Gusev ◽

OA Lvova

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Case Report ◽

Genetic Predisposition ◽

Emergency Treatment ◽

Sanger Sequencing ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Young Female ◽

Considerable Improvement ◽

The Right ◽

Pediatric Onset

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is a rare progressive genetically heterogenous disorder with pediatric onset. DRD is 3 times as prevalent in women than in men. This article reports a clinical case of DRD in a young female presenting with paraparesis, foot dystonia (more pronounced in the right foot) and pronounced walking impairment, who was admitted for emergency treatment to a Neurology Unit. Based on the additional tests, which included a levodopa trial and Sanger sequencing, the patient was diagnosed with DRD. Levodopa caused a considerable improvement of the symptoms. The article describes the clinical features of the disease, talks about its differential diagnosis, genetic predisposition and treatment strategy.

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Unusual Site for a White Nodule on the Palatine Tonsil: Presentation, Differential Diagnosis, and Discussion

Case Reports in Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2021/1371329 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Ashwag Yagoub Aloyouny

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

The Body ◽

Palatine Tonsil ◽

Unusual Site ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Lymphoepithelial Cysts ◽

Malignant Lesions

Introduction. Palatine tonsils are part of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, located in the oropharyngeal region. Although these tissues protect the body from foreign intruders, they are more prone to infections due to their anatomical structure and location. For instance, the differential diagnosis of a white lesion on the palatine tonsil can range from benign to malignant lesions. Oral lymphoepithelial cysts commonly arise as painless, yellowish nodules on the floor of the mouth and the ventral or lateral surface of the tongue. Case Presentation. This paper presents a rare case of an unusual site of a lymphoepithelial cyst (LEC) in the oral cavity. The lesion was located in the tonsil of a 20-year-old woman with a chief complaint of a painless, white lump in the back of the mouth for nine months. Discussion. The differential diagnosis of a white lesion on the palatine tonsil is caused by several factors, such as bacterial, viral, and fungal infections; trauma; stones; cysts; abscess; or cancer. In this case, both the clinical presentation and extra- and intraoral examinations were highly associated with LEC. Oral LEC etiopathogenesis is uncertain, and several theories have been proposed to discuss the causes of LEC. In addition, oral LEC could be monitored without surgical intervention if the nodule is asymptomatic. Conclusion. We emphasize the importance of a thorough clinical examination of oral and oropharyngeal lesions, which are usually neglected.

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Functional ismico-cervical insufficiency and its therapy with dufastone in outpatient settings

Journal of obstetrics and women s diseases ◽

10.17816/jowd88157 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 82-83

Author(s):

V. V. Abramchenko

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Surgical Treatment ◽

Termination Of Pregnancy ◽

Cervical Insufficiency ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Outpatient Settings ◽

In Pregnancy

The role of ischemic-duodenal insufficiency (IDI) in spontaneous termination of pregnancy has not been fully elucidated. The development of various modifications of the surgical treatment of IDI is of great importance, which has led to a very wide use of surgical interventions on the cervix, including "prophylactic" interventions. The application of a circular suture to the cervix is appropriate only in cases where there is an organic variant of this pathology. Differential diagnosis of organic and functional IDI in pregnancy is difficult.

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