scholarly journals Assessment of medication prescription pattern at Bole health center, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahle Asfaw Jabo ◽  
Abubeker Goitabe Tebeka ◽  
Degemu S. Asebe ◽  
Frehiwot Zerihun Beri ◽  
Dejen Melese Temesgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Medication Prescription ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Health Organization

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Inappropriate use of medicines becomes a common global problem. The aim of this study was to assess the drug prescription patterns at Bole health center, using some of the World Health Organization (WHO) core drug use indicators</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the current prescribing practices at the health center. A sample of 720 prescriptions was selected by using stratified random sampling method from 11,040 prescriptions written for the 5 month period from August 1- December 30, 2016. Data were collected from prescription papers filed in the pharmacy. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.03. The percentage of encounters in which antibiotics prescribed was 67.36%. The proportion of drugs prescribed by generic name and from an essential drug list was 98.14% and 99.25%, respectively</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The prescribing practice for antibiotic and average number of medicines per prescription shows deviation from the standard recommended by WHO. Great emphasis should be given to restrict inappropriate use of antibiotics. </span></p>

scholarly journals Evaluating drug prescription patterns in children according to World Health Organisation's indicators, Kigali, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaspard HABIMANA ◽  
Theogene Nyandwi ◽  
Jean Claude Kabayiza ◽  
Pierre Claver Kayumba
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Patterns ◽  
Essential Drug List

Abstract Background Irrational drug use is a worldwide problem at all levels of health care, especially in hospitals. Prescribers in community tend to omit hospital prescribing practices, thus this problem is present at all levels of health care. Use of medicines can be greatly improved and wastage reduced if simple principles of drug management are followed. To help in solving this problem, World Health Organization (WHO) has designed prescribing core indicators that were used to evaluate drug prescription patterns in Rwanda Social Security Board (RSSB) affiliated patients.Material and Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study with quantitative analysis was carried out for a period of six months. Among the 1000 prescriptions collected, 18 of them were rejected for not fulfilling the inclusion criteria, the remaining 982 prescriptions were almost distributed equally from either private and public hospital or clinics. The study analyzed prescriptions from health facilities located in Kigali City, Rwanda. The results were presented in table with comparisons with the WHO prescription indicators.Results The average number of drugs per prescription is 2.4 which is higher than 1.8 recommended by WHO. The percentages of drugs prescribed with a generic name and those from National Essential drug List are 28.5% and 61.1% respectively, which are very low compared to WHO target of 100% for both core prescribing indicators. The percentage of encounters with an antibiotic prescribed is 42.5% and the encounters who received an injections account 1.2%.Conclusion This study revealed that there is a big gap in implementing WHO core indicators of prescription and concerned stakeholders should take measures to address this issue.

scholarly journals Prescription auditing based on World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators: A case of Dilla University referral hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigatu Addisu Bekele ◽  
Jarsso Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Referral Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Essential Drug ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Drug List ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: Rational use of drugs requires that patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements for an adequate period of time, at the lowest cost to them and their community. The issues of irrational use of medicines is global and that a global approach coordinated by WHO with more vigorous implementation of leadership and evidence based advocacy of rational use of medicine is essential Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive and quantitative study was conducted at Dilla University Referral Hospital to determine the current prescribing practices. 1440 prescription were selected using systematic random sampling and reviewed retrospectively for a 2-year period from from September 01/2016 to August 31/ 2018 using prescriptions and Prescription registry. Results: The average number of drugs prescribed per prescription was 1.813  ranging from 1 and 6. 1437(99.79%), 1287(89.38%), 1392 (96.67%), 1428 (99.17%) and 0(0%) of the analyzed prescriptions had name of the patient, date, medical record number, age and address of the patients respectively. Antibiotic and injection was prescribed in 842(58.47%) and 94(6.53%) of encounters respectively. The Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and from an essential drug list was 85.33% (n=2227) and 97.43% (n=2543), respectively. Of the total 2610 drugs, 2431(93.14%) drugs were actually dispensed. Conclusion: Polypharmacy, percentage of encounters with with injection and percentage of drugs from essential drug list was within acceptable range. The prescribing practice for antibiotics and generic medicines shows significant deviation from WHO. Keywords: Prescription auditing, WHO prescribing indicators,  Dilla University Referral Hospital.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF BREASTFEEDING EXCLUSIVE IN THE WORKING AREA OF RUMBIA HEALTH CENTER, BOMBANA REGENCY: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

NSC Nursing ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Asnidawati Asnidawati ◽  
Wa Ode Salma ◽  
Adius Kusnan
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Breast’s milk is an excellent food for the growth and development of infants. The United Nations Children's Funds (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that children only be exclusively breastfed for six months and continued until two years. This study analyzes the effect of family support, health workers, and socio-culture on exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of the Rumbia Health Center, Rumbia District, Bombana Regency. Methods: This study involved 86 mothers who had babies aged 0-6 months who were registered and domiciled in the working area of the Rumbia Health Center spread over 4 Kelurahan and 1 Village, which were selected by purposive sampling using a cross-sectional design from February to April 2021. Data analysis using odds ratio (OR) and logistic regression at significance level < 0.05. Results: The largest age group in the range of 20-35 years, as many as 68 people (79.1%), undergraduate as many as 32 people (37.2%), and income above Rp. 2.552.014, - / month as many as 60 people (69.8%). The results showed an effect of family support on exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.002<0.05). There is no influence of socio-cultural factors on exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.282>0.05) and the results of multivariate analysis of the most dominant variables associated with exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of Rumbia Health Center District Rumbia Bombana Regency is supported by health workers with an OR = 9.199 (p-value = 0.039<0.05). Conclusions: This study concludes that the support of health workers plays a very important role in exclusive breastfeeding to infants aged six months, which can impact improving the health of toddlers. Keywords: Determinant, breastfeeding exclusive, toddler, mother

scholarly journals Current trends in prescribing antimicrobial drugs on patients suffering from ENT infection in a teaching hospital in Khulna

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Baishakhi Islam ◽  
Mitun Kumar Paul ◽  
Afroza Akbar Sweety ◽  
Mohammad Farhad ◽  
Farhana Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
World Health ◽  
Recurrent Tonsillitis ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Current Trends

Background: Inappropriate use of antimicrobials results in development of resistance to antibiotics. Aims and objectives: The present study was aimed at evaluating the current trends in prescribing antimicrobials in patient sufferings from ENT infection. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at ENT out-patient department of Khulna Medical College Hospital for three months in which data were collected from 500 prescriptions in customized proforma and analyzed using the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. Results: Majority of the patients were females (55%) which was commonly seen between the age group of 15-24 years (39.2%).The most common diseases reported was Recurrent tonsillitis (16.4%) followed by Pharyngitis (15%), CSOM (13.2%). Commonly prescribed oral antimicrobials were â-lactams(39.72%) followed by fluroquinolones 16.16% and macrolides(4.98%). Among the â-lactams, Cefuroxime+clavulenic acid(20.39%) was more used followed by amoxicillin+clavulanic acid(15.55%), and among fluroquinolones was ciprofloxacin 9.81%and among macrolides was azithromycin(4.98%). 57.70% patients received single antimicrobials whereas 42.3% received multiple antimicrobials. Average number of antimicrobials prescribed per patient being 1.32. Concomitant therapy included antihistamines(22.93%), Nasal decongestant(21.56%). Average number of drugs per prescription was 3.07. All drugs were prescribed in brand names. Oral and topical preparations were frequently prescribed rather injection prescribed was nil. Percentage of encounters with an antibiotic prescribed was100%. and only 28..72% drugs were prescribed from Essential Drug List of Bangladesh 2008. Conclusion: Prescribing multiple antimicrobials in this study without definite culture and sensitivity reports make the study less rational in accordance with the standard guidelines. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.2, October, 2018, Page 155-160

Pattern of Drug Prescription and Utilization among Bam Residents during the First Six Months after the 2003 Bam Earthquake

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 396-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Sepehri ◽  
Manzumeh-Shamsi Meimandi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bam Earthquake ◽  
Richter Scale ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractIntroduction:It is important to identify what kinds of drugs are required by disaster-affected populations so that appropriate donations are allocated. On 26 December 2003, an earthquake with an amplitude of 6.3 on the Richter scale struck southeastern Iran, decimating the city of Bam. In this study, the most frequently utilized and prescribed drugs for Bam outpatients during the first six months after the Bam Earthquake were investigated.Methods:In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, the data were collected randomly from 3,000 prescriptions of Bam outpatients who were examined by general practitioners from Emergency Medical Assistance Teams in 12 healthcare centers during the first six months after the Bam Earthquake. The data were analyzed for: (1) patient sex; (2) number of drugs/prescriptions; (3) drug category; (4) drug name (generic or brand); (5) route of administration; (6) percent of visits where the most frequent drug categories were prescribed; and (7) the 25 most frequently prescribed drugs, using World Health Organization (WHO) indicators of drug use in health facilities.Results:Male patients represented 47.4% and females 52.6% of the total number of outpatients. The mean number of drugs/prescriptions was 3.5 per outpatient. Oral administration was the most frequent method of administration (81.7%), followed by injections (10.9%). Respiratory drugs were the most frequently used drugs (14.2%), followed by analgesics/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) (11.3%), antibacterials (11.2%), gastroinestinal (GI) drugs (9.6%), and central nervous system drugs (7%). Penicillins (6.8%), cold preparations (8%), and systemic anti-acids (ranitidine and omeprazole) were among the 25 most frequently used drugs by outpatients and inhabitants of Bam during the first six months after the Bam Earthquake.Conclusion:Respiratory, analgesic, antibacterial, gastrointestinal, and psychiatric medications were among the most commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals after the catastrophic Bam Earthquake.The results of this study may help to predict the needs of patients during future disasters and prevent unnecessary donations of medicine.

scholarly journals Influence of Feeding Practices on Malnutrition in Haitian Infants and Young Children

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Irarrázaval ◽  
Salesa Barja ◽  
Edson Bustos ◽  
Romel Doirsaint ◽  
Gloria Senethmm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infant And Young Children ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Infant malnutrition remains as an important cause of death and disability, Haiti has the highest prevalence in America, so preventive strategies are needed. Our objective was to assess infant and young children malnutrition in Haiti and to study an association to World Health Organization (WHO) recommended feeding practices adherence. Cross-sectional study of children younger than 2 years old, recruited at Saint Espri Health Center, Port Au Prince (August to September 2014). We registered feeding practices, social and demographic data, and performed anthropometry (WHO-2006 standard). We evaluated 278 infants and young children, 8.08 &plusmn; 6.5 months old, 53.2% female. 18.35% had underweight; 13.31% were stunted and 13.67% had moderate or severe wasting. Malnutrition was associated to male gender, older age, lower education of mothers and higher number of siblings. The adherence to WHO recommended practices for breastfeeding was from 11.8 to 97.9% and was related to a lower prevalence of malnutrition. For complementary food, adherence was 9.7 to 90.3%, also associated to lower malnutrition. Conclusion: Prevalence of infant and young children malnutrition in this Haitian Health Center population was high, related to some risk factors. The adherence to WHO recommended feeding practices was associated to a better nutritional status.

HUBUNGAN PENDIDIKAN DAN STATUS EKONOMI DENGAN STATUS GIZI IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III DI PUSKESMAS SOSIAL PALEMBANG TAHUN 2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirta Anggraini Tirta Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Social Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT According to the World Health Organization (WHO), maternal nutritional status at the time of growth and during pregnancy can affect fetal growth and development. Based on (IDHS) survey of 2007 AKI Indonesia at 228 per 100,000 live births, although this figure is still the highest in Asia. Social health center in Palembang in 2011 the number of pregnant women with good nutritional status of 67 men (97.1%). factors that influence the nutritional status of pregnant women is the temperature of the environment, economic status, habits and views of women to food, age, education, and health status. The purpose of this study is a known relationship education and economic status with nutritional status of pregnant women in the third trimester of Social Health Center Palembang in 2012. This study uses analytic survey with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all third trimester pregnant women who visit the health center Social Palembang in May 2012, with a sample of 30 respondents. Sampling in this study with non-random methods with techniques Accidental Sampling. Data analysis carried out univariate and bivariate statistics with Chi-Square test with significance level α = 0.05. The results showed than 30 respondents there (73.3%) of respondents that good nutritional status, higher education (76.7%), and high economic status (70.0%). The results of this study showed no significant association education and economic status with nutritional status of pregnant women in the third trimester of Social Health Center Palembang in 2012. From the results of this study, researchers hope to improve the health care workers, especially health services in Antenatal Care services pay more attention to maternal risk of poor nutritional status.   ABSTRAK Menurut World Health Organization (WHO), status gizi ibu hamil pada waktu pertumbuhan dan selama hamil dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin. Berdasarkan (SDKI) survei terakhir tahun 2007 AKI Indonesia sebesar 228 per 100.000 Kelahiran Hidup, meskipun demikian angka tersebut masih tertinggi di Asia.  Di Puskesmas Sosial Palembang tahun 2011 jumlah ibu hamil yang berstatus gizi baik sebesar 67 orang (97,1%). faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi status gizi ibu hamil adalah suhu lingkungan, status ekonomi, kebiasaan dan pandangan wanita terhadap makanan, usia, pendidikan, dan status kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya hubungan pendidikan dan status ekonomi dengan status gizi ibu hamil trimester III di Puskesmas Sosial Palembang tahun 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua ibu hamil trimester III yang berkunjung di Puskesmas Sosial Palembang pada bulan Mei tahun 2012, dengan jumlah sampel 30 responden. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini dengan metode non random dengan teknik Accidental Sampling. Analisa data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji statistik Chi-Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 30 responden terdapat (73,3%) responden yang berstatus gizi baik, pendidikan tinggi (76,7%), dan status ekonomi tinggi (70,0%). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna pendidikan dan status ekonomi dengan status gizi ibu hamil trimester III di Puskesmas Sosial Palembang tahun 2012. Dari hasil penelitian ini, peneliti berharap petugas pelayanan kesehatan dapat meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan terutama dalam pelayanan Antenatal Care lebih memperhatikan kehamilan ibu yang berisiko status gizi buruk.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENDIDIKAN DAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELUARGA DENGAN STATUS GIZI BALITA DI PUSKESMAS KERAMASAN PALEMBANG TAHUN 2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dini Kesumah Dini Kesumah
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Center ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

ABSTRACT According to World Health Organization Health Organization (WHO) in 2005 showed 49% of deaths occur in children under five in developing countries. Nutritional problems can not be done with the medical and health care approach alone. Causes related to malnutrition that maternal education, socioeconomic families, poor environmental sanitation, and lack of food supplies. This study aims to determine the relationship between education and socioeconomic status of families with nutrition survey using a cross sectional analytic approach, with a population of all mothers of children under five who visited the health center in Palembang Keramasan Accidental sampling Sampling the number of samples obtained 35 respondents. Variables include the study independent and dependent variables and univariate analysis using Chi-Square test statistic with a significance level α = 0.05. The results from 35 respondents indicate that highly educated mothers earned as many as 16 people (45.7%), and middle and upper income families as many as 12 people (34.3%) and bivariate test results show that highly educated respondents toddler nutritional status good for 81.3% (13 people) is larger than the less educated respondents balitanya good nutritional status 26.3% (5 persons) as well as respondents who have middle and upper socioeconomic families with good nutritional status of children at 91.7% ( 11 people) is larger when compared to respondents who have family socioeconomic medium with good nutritional status of children at 30.4% (7 people). Statistical tests show that education has a significant relationship with nutritional status of children P value = 0.004 and socioeconomic families have a meaningful relationship with nutritional status of children P value = 0.002. Based on the results of the study suggested the health professionals in the health center should further improve the education, information about the importance of nutrition to the development of the child in the mothers through the selection and processing of good food and a good diet through health centers and integrated health.   ABSTRAK  Menurut badan kesehatan World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2005 menunjukkan 49% kematian yang terjadi pada anak dibawah umur lima tahun di negara berkembang. Masalah gizi ini tidak dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan medis dan pelayanan kesehatan saja. Penyebab yang berhubungan dengan kurang gizi yaitu pendidikan ibu, sosial ekonomi keluarga, sanitasi lingkungan yang kurang baik,dan kurangnya persediaan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pendidikan dan sosial ekonomi keluarga dengan status gizi balita dengan menggunakan metode survei analitik pendekatan secara Cross Sectional, dengan populasi semua ibu yang memiliki anak balita yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Keramasan Palembang dengan pengambilan sampel secara Accidental Sampling diperoleh jumlah sampel 35 responden. Variabel penelitian meliputi variabel independen dan dependen serta analisis univariat menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dari 35 responden didapatkan ibu yang berpendidikan tinggi sebanyak 16 orang  (45,7%), dan keluarga yang berpenghasilan menengah keatas sebanyak 12 orang (34,3%) dan hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan bahwa responden yang berpendidikan tinggi status gizi balitanya baik sebesar 81,3% (13 orang) lebih besar bila dibanding responden yang berpendidikan rendah status gizi balitanya baik 26,3% (5 orang) serta responden yang mempunyai sosial ekonomi keluarga menengah keatas dengan status gizi balita baik sebesar 91,7% (11 orang) lebih besar bila dibanding responden yang mempunyai sosial ekonomi keluarga menengah kebawah dengan status gizi balita baik sebesar 30,4% (7 orang). Uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan status gizi balita P value = 0,004 dan sosial ekonomi keluarga mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan status gizi balita P value = 0,002. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan pada petugas kesehatan di Puskesmas hendaknya lebih meningkatkan penyuluhan-penyuluhan tentang pentingnya gizi terhadap tumbuh kembang anak pada ibu-ibu melalui cara pemilihan dan pengolahan bahan makanan yang baik serta pola makanan yang baik melalui kegiatan Puskesmas dan Posyandu.

Evaluation of Drug Use Based on WHO Prescribing Indicator in Mizan- Tepi University Teaching Hospital, south Western Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Hambisa ◽  
Rediet Feleke ◽  
Ameha Zewudie ◽  
Mohammed Yimam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Background:: Rational drug use comprises aspects of prescribing, dispensing and patient use of medicines for different health problems. This study is aimed to assess drug prescribing practice based on the world health organization prescribing indicators in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Methods:: An institutional based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate prescribing practices in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Data were collected based on World health organization drug use indicators using prescription papers. 600 prescriptions dispensed through the general outpatient pharmacy of the hospital were collected by systematic random sampling method from prescriptions written for a 1-year time in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Results:: The present study found that the average number of drugs per prescription was 2.04 ± 0.87 in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital with a range between 1 and 5. Prescribing by generic name was 97.6 % and 47.8% of prescriptions contained antibiotics in the hospital. 27.7% of prescriptions contained at least one injectable medication in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. From prescribed drugs, 96.7% of them were prescribed from Ethiopian essential drug list. Conclusion:: Present study indicated that the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter, the percentage of generic prescribing and prescribing from the EDL were close to optimal value. However, the percentage of encounters with antibiotics and injections prescribed were found be very high. Thus, the study highlights some improvements in prescribing habits, particularly by focusing on the inappropriate consumption of antibiotics and injections.

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