scholarly journals Electronystagmographic analysis of peripheral vertigo

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2100
Author(s):  
Abinayaah Suresh ◽  
Gitanjali Narendran
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Spontaneous Nystagmus ◽  
Caloric Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
A Prospective Study

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Examination of the vestibulo-ocular reflex is still the investigation of choice for evaluating the vestibular function to rule out peripheral causes. Aim and objectives were to compare the electronystagmographic changes of all peripheral forms of vertigo and to highlight its significance in the diagnosis and management of the same.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective study done after obtaining ethical committee approval in a total of 100 patients attending the ENT OPD at Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital &amp; Research Institute with chief complaints of vertigo. Patients diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media, hypertensive patients, h/o seizures, recent cardiac illness or patients on cardiac investigations, psychotic disorders, documented CNS lesions, cervical spondylitis, h/o recent eye/ ear surgery are excluded from this study. ENG analysis includes occulomotor testing, positional testing and caloric stimulation. Evaluation of gait and balance is done followed by maneuver induced vertigo testing (dix hallpike and fistula test) along with PTA. Statistical analysis was done using independent sample t test and chi square test to check the hypothesis using statistical package for social studies SPSS version 17.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The observations of ENG like spontaneous nystagmus and bi-thermal caloric test responses are represented on a claussens butterfly chart and the corresponding bar codes were obtained.  The inferences for different forms of vertigo were studied.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> ENG is now an accepted routine and basic investigation in the management of all patients suffering from equilibrium disorders. Management consists of diagnosing the underlying pathology and treatment of the same.</p>

scholarly journals Surgical Site Infections (SSI) and factors associated in a private tertiary care teaching hospital in Raichur, Karnataka, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 2899
Author(s):  
Prashanta Swami Pujar ◽  
K. B. Phuleker ◽  
Nagaraj Bhalki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Prevention of Surgical site infection (SSI) remains a focus of attention because wound infections continue to be a major source of expense, morbidity, and even mortality. Three quarters of deaths of surgical patients with SSIs are attributed to nosocomial infections, nearly all of which are organ/space infections. The objective of the present study was to estimate the incidence of SSI and to study the various risk factors associated with SSI.Methods: This is a prospective study of 180 eligible cases eligible subjects, who underwent various surgeries in the department of General Surgery after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study conducted at the Navodaya Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Raichur. The tenure for the study was April 2017 to June 2017. Data was collected using pretested proforma. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16. Chi -square test and multiple logistic regression was applied to know the association between various risk factors and occurrence of SSI.Results: Among 180 patients 33 (18.33%) developed surgical site infections (SSI). Among 33 SSIs 25 (75.76%) were grade 3 and 8 (24.24%) were grade 4 infections. SSIs were found more commonly among patients over 50 years, diabetics, HIV infected patients, patients with longer duration of surgery and associations with these factors were found statistically significant.Conclusions: The incidence rate of SSI was quite high, and its end results will have a greater impact on patients as well as on healthcare systems. Prevention of SSI requires multipronged approach targeting both patient related and procedure related risk factors in pre- operative, intra-operative, and post-operative period.

EVALUATION OF CLINICO-RADIOLOGICAL FACTORS PREDICTING DIFFICULT LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Wasif Mohammad Ali ◽  
Nazia Nanen ◽  
Atia Zaka Ur Rab ◽  
Syed Amjad Ali Rizvi ◽  
Mehtab Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Open Cholecystectomy ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Preoperative Prediction ◽  
Conversion To Open Cholecystectomy ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become procedure of choice for treatment of symptomatic gallstone [1] disease . Even though it is a safe procedure occasionally it can be difcult and requires conversion to open cholecystectomy for various problems faced during surgery. Preoperative prediction of difcult laparoscopic cholecystectomy and likelihood of conversion to open cholecystectomy will avoid such complications and overall cost of treatment. Aim: To evaluate the clinico-radiological factors predicting difcult laparoscopic cholecystectomy Methods: This was a prospective study conducted from October 2018 to November 2020. Total of 101 patients meeting inclusion criteria undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in the study. Various clinical, radiological and biochemical parameters and intraoperative difculties during surgery were recorded. The statistical analysis was done using chi-square test and ANOVA test. Results: The parameters such as sex, age, duration of disease, co-morbid disease, previous history of cholecystitis, palpable gall bladder, BMI, TLC, thickness of gall bladder, largest stone size and impacted stone are found statistically signicant in predicting difcult laparoscopic cholecystectomy and conversion to open cholecystectomy preoperatively. Conclusion: Difcult laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be predicted preoperatively even with a good clinical judgement whereas both clinical and radiological parameters provide a better preoperative prediction of difcult cholecystectomy so that the surgeon can prepared in advance for the complications.

scholarly journals Comparison of blood plasma and gelatin solution in resuscitation of children with dengue shock syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Suryadi Nicolaas Napoleon Tatura ◽  
Novie Homenta Rampengan ◽  
Jose Meky Mandei ◽  
Ari Lukas Runtunuwu ◽  
Max FJ Mantik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Shock Rate ◽  
Gelatin Solution ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
To Receive

Background Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is characterized bysevere vascular leakage and hemostasis disorder. It is the cause of death in 1 to 5 percent of cases. WH 0 management guidelines for resuscitation remain empirical rather than evidence-based.Objective To find out the alternative fluids to replace plasmaleakage in DSS.Methods We performed a prospective study and randomizedcomparison of plasma and gelatin solution for resuscitation ofIndonesian children with DSS. We randomly assigned 25 subjectswith DSS to receive plasma and 25 children to receive gelatinfluid. Statistical analyse were performed using chi-square test,Fisher's exact test, t test, Mann-Whitney test.Results The increment of pulse pressure width and the decrement of hematocrit in subjects treated with gelatin were higher than that of plasma atfour-hour therapy (P=0.002 and P=0.017). Only one patient died caused by unusually manifestation of DSS. The increment of body temperature in subjects treated with plasma was higher than that of gelatin at four-hour therapy (P=O.Oll). The decrement of platelet count in subjects treated with gelatin were less than that of plasma (P=0.018). The increment of diuresis rate in subjects treated with gelatin was higher than that of plasma at twenty-hour therapy (P<O.OOOl). The decrement of respiratory rate in subjects treated with gelatin was higher than that of plasmaat twenty-eight hour therapy (P=0.018). There was no differencein studied variables : total volume rate, blood pressure, pulse rate, re-shock rate, clinical fluid overload, allergy reactions, bleeding manifestations, and length of stay (P>0.05).Conclusions Gelatin solution can be used as volume replacementin resuscitation of DSS if blood plasma is not available especiallyat four-hour therapy.

Vestibular Pathophysiologic Changes in Experimental Perilymphatic Fistula

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuya Nomura ◽  
Yi-Ho Young ◽  
Makoto Hara
Keyword(s):  
Round Window ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Spontaneous Nystagmus ◽  
Round Window Membrane ◽  
Caloric Test ◽  
Positional Nystagmus ◽  
Perilymphatic Fistula ◽  
Membrane Changes ◽  
Ice Water

An animal model of experimental perilymphatic fistula (EPLF) was developed in the guinea pig in order to study vestibular pathophysiology. In experimental animals, 4 μL of perilymph was suctioned from one cochlea via the round window membrane. Changes in vestibular function were as follows. 1) During the acute stage (5 hours postoperatively), spontaneous nystagmus directed toward the normal side was noted in 57.4% of the EPLF animals. This lasted less than 24 hours. 2) One week postoperatively, direction-fixed positional nystagmus toward the lesioned ear was present in 22.7% of the EPLF animals, especially when the lesioned ear was positioned inferiorly. 3) With the ice water caloric test, no response was present in 58.1% of the EPLF animals and an irregular response was found in 22.6% of them, 1 week postoperatively. These results tend to indicate that tests of vestibular function may differentiate between patients with Meniere's disease and those with perilymphatic fistula. Histologic findings indicate that a floating labyrinth is the cause of positional nystagmus and caloric irregularity. The absence of caloric responses was associated with collapse of the vestibular labyrinth.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Academic Performance among Private Medical College Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shila Rani Das ◽  
Chinmay Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Medical students are in a huge pressure due to their academic syllabus. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between anxiety and academic performance among private medical college.Methodology: This cross sectional study was done in private medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh and 3rd and 4th year medical student were included. Data was   collected by using semi structured Socio-demographic questionnaire and Burn Anxiety Inventory scale and Checklist. Finally all data and results were analyzed using latest version of SPSS software. For descriptive statistics means, medians, SD and range will be calculated as required. Data will be presented in frequency table, bar, pie and scattered diagram as per need.  Statistical test chi-square test were used and p<0.05 was consider to be statistically significant.Results: A total number of 200 medical students were studied after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among them 87.0% were Muslim; 98.0% were unmarried; 83.0% were in nuclear family; family member of 42.5% respondents had 4 to 6 persons; monthly income of 64.7% respondents were less than 50,000 Taka; 47.0% of the respondents’ father occupation was businessman. In 1st profession examination 68.0% in Anatomy, 73% in Physiology, 76% in Biochemistry were passed in anatomy. In 1st professional exam, students suffered from moderate to extreme anxiety were passed 78% and referred 22% as well as suffered from minimal to mild anxiety were passed 43% and referred 57% in Physiology. So there was strong association between the two variables (p<0.05).Conclusion: Three fifth of the students are suffered from moderate anxiety level and those who are suffered moderate to extreme anxiety passed more and their class attendance are good.Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2018;5(2):68-72

scholarly journals Attitude to the Menopause and Sex amongst Middle-Aged Women in a Family Medicine Clinic in Ibadan, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folasade Adenike Bello ◽  
Olufunmilola Olutosin Daramola
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background. Menopause is the expected end of reproductive life. Having a positive attitude towards it has been shown to result in a positive experience, while a negative attitude is associated with negative experiences and symptoms. Traditionally, women often abstain from sex after menopause. The study aimed to determine the level of awareness and perceptions about the menopause and sex in perimenopausal women attending a general outpatient clinic. Methods. Women over 40 years were recruited from the Family Medicine Department of University College Hospital, excluding those who were menopausal. Data analyses were done with chi-square test (p<0.05). Results. Most (302; 86.4%) of the 352 surveyed participants were aware of the menopause. Only 36.1% anticipated associated symptoms. About half (55.7%) were indifferent to menopause onset, while 23% had a positive attitude and 21.4% had a negative attitude, respectively. Younger women were less likely to have a positive attitude to the menopause (p=0.04). There were negative cultural beliefs towards sex. Sexual activity was low and declined with age (p<0.001). Many women would like treatment to improve their sexual activity. Conclusion. Most participants had a favourable disposition towards the menopause, though sexual relationships suffer. Counselling and treatment should be offered.

scholarly journals Illness perception amongst adults with multimorbidity at primary care clinics in Southwest Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babajide J. Ogunrinde ◽  
Adedotun A. Adetunji ◽  
Sufiyan A. Muyibi ◽  
Joshua O. Akinyemi
Keyword(s):  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Background: Although shreds of evidence are emerging to show the role of illness perceptions in the health outcomes of patients, most of the previous studies have been on single chronic conditions.Aim: To assess the illness perceptions and the associated factors amongst adults with multimorbidity.Setting: General outpatient clinics of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst a systematic sample of 403 adults with multimorbidity. Data on illness perception and other variables were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test and analysis of variance were employed for analyses.Results: The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 97 years, with a mean of 60.9 years (standard deviation [s.d.] ± 14.3 years). The majority of participants (57.3%) were women. Ninety-four (23.3%) respondents had only two morbid conditions, whilst 31.2% had at least four morbid conditions. Prioritisation sub-domain of illness perception recorded the highest score (mean = 2.0, s.d. ± 0.8), whilst the treatment burden sub-domain was the lowest (mean = 0.8, s.d. ± 0.7). A significant bivariate relationship was observed between emotional representation (p = 0.001), prioritisation (p = 0.013) and causal relationship (p = 0.013) sub-domains and age group of study participants. Emotional burden associated with illnesses declined as educational level increased (p = 0.039).Conclusion: Patient’s characteristics such as age, education and the number of morbidities are associated with illness perception. Healthcare providers should pay attention to these factors whilst addressing illness perception as a way to achieve better clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Correlation of clinical and laboratory parameters of acute glomerulonephritis in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Chandra Sekhar Kondapalli ◽  
Kalyan Chakravarthy Gondi ◽  
Faisal Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Acute Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: The present study was conducted to study the clinical and laboratory parameters of acute glomerulonephritis in children admitted in the department of Pediatrics, Katuri Medical College and Hospital, Guntur.Methods: A prospective study was done at Katuri Medical College and Hospital in all children who are clinically diagnosed edema, oliguria, Cola coloured urine and hypertension. Children presenting with Oliguria, Oedema, Haematuria, Hypertension, Pharyngitis or skin lesions were included, both genders male and female. 50 cases of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis were evaluated by taking detailed history, thorough clinical examination and appropriate investigation were done for establishment of diagnosis. Lab investigations, CUE, RFT, ASO titres, Serum Complement were done. All the statistical analysis was performed by using EPI INFO 3.5-1. The results were expressed as percentages. Test of significance was done by chi square test. P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: 4156 cases were admitted, out of which 50 cases were having acute glomerulonephritis comprising of 1.2%. The incidence of glomerulonephritis was more from July to December. The sex ratio from male to female is 1.17:1. The incidence of glomerulonephritis was more in children coming from low socio-economic families. Signs wise analysis of glomerulonephritis, it was observed that puffiness of face, edema feet and hypertension were the common features. Incidence of hyper tension were more in male children than female children. The incidence of edema and proteinuria are the commonest clinical presentation. The comparison between incidence of oliguria and blood urea is statistically significant. 1/4th of patients of oliguria are associated with increase serum creatinine level.Conclusions: Acute glomerulonephritis is completely a preventable and completely curable disease if proper precaution is like personal hygiene is observed. Proper knowledge of pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis is important for proper management, institution on appropriate treatment and careful follow up of cases are the corner stones for successful outcome of patients.

Association between olfactory dysfunction and COVID-19 severity: A prospective study in a highly complex hospital in Peru

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110666
Author(s):  
Olenka Alcas ◽  
Diego Saldaña ◽  
Andy Triveño ◽  
Miguel Salazar ◽  
Paola Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
Exposure Variable ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction Olfactory dysfunction has been included among the early symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Evidence suggests that a relationship exists between the duration of olfaction disorders and the probability of developing severe COVID-19. Given the scope of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to determine the frequency of smell alteration and its association with the severity of COVID-19 in a referral hospital in Peru, which is one of the most affected countries in the Latin American region. Materials and Methods This study was an observational, prospective cohort study that included patients with COVID-19 who were treated at the Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins from August to November 2020. To assess the association, the chi-square test of independence or Fisher’s exact test was performed. The outcome variable was COVID-19 severity, and the exposure variable was olfactory dysfunction. The first data collection was in the emergency department and the follow-up was via telephone. Results A total of 179 patients were included. The mean age was 61.6 ± 15.5 years, and 129 patients (72.1%) were male. Olfactory dysfunction was observed in 43 patients (24%). An inverse association was found between age and olfactory dysfunction ( P = .002). No significant association was found between COVID-19 severity level and olfactory alteration ( P = .056). However, a direct association was found between COVID-19 severity and age ( P = .003), cough ( P < .001), and respiratory distress ( P = .003). Conclusion This study did not find any association between the severity of COVID-19 and olfactory dysfunction. It showed a low incidence rate of smell alteration compared with studies from other regions. Moreover, smell alteration was associated with younger age.

scholarly journals Aspiration sclerotherapy: a novel and cost-effective approach to the management of hydroceles in a developing country

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 3884
Author(s):  
Arijit Roy ◽  
Vijay Jain ◽  
Jahar Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
High Satisfaction ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: The present study was carried out with an aim to perform a prospective study to establish the role of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (3 %) (STDS) as a safe and effective sclerosant in the management of primary hydroceles.Methods: Sclerotherapy was performed with 3 % STDS on an outdoor basis. The amount of sclerosant injected depended on the amount of fluid drained. All patients were given prophylactic antibiotics. Patients were clinically reassessed at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months and earlier if complications occurred. All patients were given prophylactic antibiotics.  The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 15.0. The data have been represented as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test was used to compare the data. A total of 57 patients with primary vaginal hydrocele gave consent for being enrolled in the study. The age of patients ranged from 18 to 65 years with a mean age of 35.72±13.18 years.Results: The success rate at the end of the study was observed to be 84.2 %. As regards patient satisfaction, in present study, in a limited time period of follow up, all the patients who had a successful procedure were satisfied.Conclusion: Overall, sclerotherapy was observed to be a relatively cost-effective (including both direct and indirect costs) procedure with low complications, high satisfaction, faster return to work and a high success rate within the limited period of follow-up.

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