scholarly journals A IMIGRAÇÃO ITALIANA E A TRAJETÓRIA DA FAMÍLIA DE BONA SARTOR EM URUSSANGA, SC * THE ITALIAN IMMIGRATION AND THE TRAJECTORY OF THE DE BONA SARTOR’S FAMILY IN URUSSANGA, SC

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Gil Karlos Ferri
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genealogical Trees ◽  
Italian Immigration ◽  
The Family ◽  
Historical Contextualization ◽  
Socioeconomic Crisis

Este artigo propõe uma contextualização histórica da imigração italiana para Urussanga, SC, través da análise da trajetória da família de Bona Sartor, oriunda da província de Belluno, Itália. O período analisado corresponde ao século XIX, com a crise socioeconômica e a grande emigração italiana, e à primeira metade do século XX, com o estabelecimento da família de Matteo e Domenica de Bona Sartor em Urussanga. Para recompor essa trajetória, foram utilizadas diversas fontes, como registros de nascimento, matrimônio e óbito, históricos familiares, árvores genealógicas, fotografias, entrevistas e dados antropológicos. Os estudos genealógicos e sobre os costumes do passado revelam adaptações e inovações nas dinâmicas familiares, podendo nos legar inspiração para buscarmos melhores condições de vida.*This article proposes a historical contextualization of Italian immigration to Urussanga, SC, through the analysis of the trajectory of the Bona Sartor family from the province of Belluno, Italy. The period analyzed corresponds to the nineteenth century, with the socioeconomic crisis and the great Italian emigration, and the first half of the twentieth century, with the establishment of the family of Matteo and Domenica de Bona Sartor inUrussanga. To compose this trajectory, several sources were used, such as birth, marriage and death records, family histories, genealogical trees, photographs, interviews and anthropological data. Genealogical studies and the customs of the past reveal adaptations and innovations in family dynamics, and can inspire us to seek better living conditions.

scholarly journals Pinaceae in the Herbarium of the Institute of Botany at the Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland (KRA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Plewa ◽  
Piotr Köhler
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
First Century ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

The Herbarium of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland (KRA) has extensive collections. The Pinaceae family in KRA embraces 1,057 herbarium sheets and contains representatives of eight out of 11 genera usually distinguished in the family. The collection of the family in KRA contains ca. 54–61% of the 220–250 species occurring in the world. The most numerous species (116 sheets) is <em>Pinus sylvestris</em>. There is one isoneotypus of <em>Larix decidua</em> Mill var. <em>carpatica</em> Domin (KRA 224704) and one syntypus of <em>Tsuga caroliniana</em> Engelm. (KRA 224989) in the collection. There are 706 sheets from Europe, 504 of them come from areas covered by the contemporary borders of Poland, 206 from North America, 98 from Asia, two from Africa, and one from Australia. The herbal material of the family deposited in KRA was collected in the past 200 years. The oldest specimen was collected in 1821. There are 65 sheets which date from the nineteenth century, 56 from the years 1900 to 1918, 173 from 1919 to 1939, 532 from 1944 to 2000, and 139 sheets from the twenty-first century. The most interesting collections include: the exsiccata from the nineteenth century, sheets from China (1925–1926), sheets collected by various Russian expeditions to Siberia, the collection of Professors Jan Kornaś and Anna Medwecka-Kornaś from North America, and collections documenting the scientific activity of the “Kraków geobotanical school” in the twentieth century.

scholarly journals In search of America’s old covered bridges

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald G. Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
American Landscape

AbstractAmerica’s first documented wooden covered bridge was erected at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1805. Hundreds were constructed within two decades and at least 10,000 by the later 1800s. As settlers moved West, broad rivers were crossed with inventive structures incorporating timber trusses ingeniously developed by carpenters. Called covered bridges because of the roof and siding needed to protect the timber trusses, they became ubiquitous features on the American landscape. Over the past two centuries, most covered bridges were lost to flood, ice, arson, lightening, decay, as well as “progress,” replaced by “modern” iron, concrete, and steel spans. Of some 700 covered bridges remaining, many are mere replicas of their original forms no longer supported by timber trusses. Genuine historic bridges remain largely from the last half of the 1800s while civic boosterism has led to claims of earlier dates with often questionable authenticity. This essay presents three wooden covered bridges constructed in the 1820s along a 10-mile stretch of the Wallkill River in New Paltz, New York. Of the three, only Perrine’s Bridge, constructed first in 1821 and covered in 1822, is still standing with intact Burr timber trusses. Perrine’s is an iconic structure with exceptional heritage value because of authentic re-building and restoration in 1834, 1846, 1917, and 1968. Using documentary records, this essay establishes an accurate intertwined chronology for the three bridges, detailing nineteenth century building practices and contentious mid-twentieth century struggles pitting preservationists wanting authentic restoration against those wanting removal.

Heaven Has Eyes

2020 ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
Xiaoqun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Chinese Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Agents ◽  
Western Influences ◽  
Law And Justice

The conclusion points out the multidimensional interactions of many factors in the functions of Chinese law and justice in the past and present and delineates four overlapping historical contexts for an understanding of such functions. These are the indigenous traditions in the long history of China; Western influences from the nineteenth century and especially on the transformations in the twentieth century; interactions between lawmakers and state agents, and between state actions and societal responses; and the reality of justice being done in relative and imperfect ways under the best circumstances, due to human fallibility.

Antarctic Archaeology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zarankin ◽  
Melisa A. Salerno
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Dominant Narratives ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time

Antarctica was the last continent to be known. Human encounters with the region acquired different characteristics over time. Within the framework of dominant narratives, the early ‘exploitation’ of the territory was given less attention than late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century ‘exploration’. Nineteenth-century exploitation was especially associated with sealing on the South Shetland Islands. Dominant narratives on the period refer to the captains of sealing vessels, the discovery of geographical features, the volume of resources obtained. However, they do not consider the life of the ordinary sealers who lived and worked on the islands. This chapter aims to show the power of archaeology to shed light on these ‘invisible people’ and their forgotten stories. It holds that archaeology offers a possibility for reimagining the past of Antarctica, calling for a revision of traditional narratives.

“I Forgive My Sons for Any Disgust They Might Have Caused Me”: Alvise I Mocenigo and the Decline of Paternal Authority in Nineteenth-century Venice

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-365
Author(s):  
Sara Delmedico
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
The Family

To a nineteenth-century noble family, cohesion was synonymous with status and played a major role in the construction of its identity as part of a powerful social class. Within this society—so reliant on inequality and strongly centered around obedience and hierarchy—the story of Alvise I Mocenigo and his sons shows how the paterfamilias problematized his relatives’ insubordination and how, despite the several challenges to his authority, his decisions regarding the devolution of his wealth were driven to ensure the continuing of the family name and status. In doing so, Alvise bequeathed his goods to his grandsons (i.e., sons of his unsubordinated son, who at that time was already dead) and penalized his own sons. When one of his disinherited sons, Alvise IV Pietro Giulio, went before a court to claim his rightful share of the paternal patrimony, he was not just challenging his father’s will but his own world, where personal ambitions and expectations had to be sacrificed in the name of obedience and family honor. Through the consultation of a number of firsthand materials such as letters, wills, and judicial records held at Venetian archives, this article contributes to the understanding of the Venetian upper-class families and uncovers the changing family dynamics in place in nineteenth-century society.

A Century of Synergy in Termite Symbiosis Research: Linking the Past with New Genomic Insights

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
Michael E. Scharf ◽  
Brittany F. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gas Utilization ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Symbiosis Research ◽  
Culture Dependent

Termites have long been studied for their symbiotic associations with gut microbes. In the late nineteenth century, this relationship was poorly understood and captured the interest of parasitologists such as Joseph Leidy; this research led to that of twentieth-century biologists and entomologists including Cleveland, Hungate, Trager, and Lüscher. Early insights came via microscopy, organismal, and defaunation studies, which led to descriptions of microbes present, descriptions of the roles of symbionts in lignocellulose digestion, and early insights into energy gas utilization by the host termite. Focus then progressed to culture-dependent microbiology and biochemical studies of host–symbiont complementarity, which revealed specific microhabitat requirements for symbionts and noncellulosic mechanisms of symbiosis (e.g., N2 fixation). Today, knowledge on termite symbiosis has accrued exponentially thanks to omic technologies that reveal symbiont identities, functions, and interdependence, as well as intricacies of host–symbiont complementarity. Moving forward, the merging of classical twentieth-century approaches with evolving omic tools should provide even deeper insights into host–symbiont interplay.

Future Impossible Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Jossianna Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Special Section ◽  
The West ◽  
Spanish Caribbean ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Intervention ◽  
Key Interventions

This response essay reviews the six contributions to the special section “Con-Federating the Archipelago: The Confederación Antillana and the West Indies Federation.” These key interventions on the Spanish Caribbean Confederation projects in the nineteenth century and the West Indies Federation in the twentieth century provoke the following questions: Could we call these two Caribbean confederation projects failures if their centrality in Caribbean political imaginaries suggests otherwise? What are some of the insights that these two projects could offer to Caribbean sociohistorical processes, culture, and political developments? Even though these two projects seem to share a similar political goal, they are also radically different. The author reviews the contributions to the special section in dialogue with examples from Puerto Rico in order to assess the critical intervention in theories of nationalism produced by the past projects of federation and the possible futures they give rise to.

The Roots and Varieties of Political Conservatism in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Jaffrelot
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Congress Party ◽  
Political Conservatism

A country that has not gone through a revolution, India has been the crucible of several reform movements as early as the nineteenth century. But none of them intended to break with the past. They even sometimes prepared the ground for revivalism. In parallel, Hindu traditionalism developed in reaction to social and cultural change. In the twentieth century, these schools of thought found political expressions in the Congress party where they inhibited the fights against the caste system and land reform. These trends continued after 1947, in reaction to Nehruvian views, till conservative Congressmen created the Swatantra party and then the Congress (O).

The Litigious Daughter-in-Law: Family Relations in Rural Russia in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century

Slavic Review ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Farnsworth
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Folk Wisdom ◽  
The Family

Russian folk wisdom regarded the daughter-in-law, the snokha (a word that also meant sister-in-law), as a source of family friction. Unable to coexist in the cramped quarters of the peasant hut, or izba, where a mother-in-law ruled over the stove and a father-in-law kept watch on the family purse, the daughter-inlaw supposedly made evident her discontent. A host of proverbs and folk sayings attest to the idea of the snokha as troublemaker: the saying that the daughter-in-law “likes the family hands but resents the family pot” summed up this resentment. According to this view, the daughter-in-law took but did not give.Twentieth-century historians, influenced perhaps by Soviet interpretations as well as by literary impressions, see the peasant daughter-in-law in the prerevolutionary era not as a source of friction but rather as a helpless victim of family hostility: a husband's beatings, a mother-in-law's tyranny, a father-in-law's sexual harassment.

Other-Worldly and This-Worldly Islam and the Islamic Revival

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Islamic Revival ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Islamic Society

In his Islam in Modern History, published in 1957, yet still a work remarkable for its insights, Wilfred Cantwell Smith refers to the extraordinary energy which had surged through the Muslim world with increasing force in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He talks of:dynamism, the appreciation of activity for its own sake, and at the level of feeling a stirring of intense, even violent, emotionalism…The transmutation of Muslim society from its early nineteenth-century stolidity to its twentieth-century ebullience is no mean achievement. The change has been everywhere in evidence.This surge of energy is closely associated with a shift in the balance of Muslim piety from an other-worldly towards a this-worldly focus. By this I mean a devaluing of a faith of contemplation of God's mysteries and of belief in His will to shape human life, and a valuing instead of a faith in which Muslims were increasingly aware that it was they, and only they, who could act to fashion an Islamic society on earth. This shift of emphasis has been closely associated with a new idea of great power, the caliphate of man. In the absence of Muslim power, in the absence, for the Sunnis at least, of a caliph, however symbolic, to guide, shape and protect the community, this awesome task now fell to each individual Muslim. I hazard to suggest that this shift towards a this-worldly piety, and the new responsibilities for Muslims that came with it, is the most important change that Muslims have wrought in the practice of their faith over the past one thousand years. It is a change full of possibilities for the future.

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