The Litigious Daughter-in-Law: Family Relations in Rural Russia in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century

Slavic Review ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Farnsworth
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Folk Wisdom ◽  
The Family

Russian folk wisdom regarded the daughter-in-law, the snokha (a word that also meant sister-in-law), as a source of family friction. Unable to coexist in the cramped quarters of the peasant hut, or izba, where a mother-in-law ruled over the stove and a father-in-law kept watch on the family purse, the daughter-inlaw supposedly made evident her discontent. A host of proverbs and folk sayings attest to the idea of the snokha as troublemaker: the saying that the daughter-in-law “likes the family hands but resents the family pot” summed up this resentment. According to this view, the daughter-in-law took but did not give.Twentieth-century historians, influenced perhaps by Soviet interpretations as well as by literary impressions, see the peasant daughter-in-law in the prerevolutionary era not as a source of friction but rather as a helpless victim of family hostility: a husband's beatings, a mother-in-law's tyranny, a father-in-law's sexual harassment.

scholarly journals A IMIGRAÇÃO ITALIANA E A TRAJETÓRIA DA FAMÍLIA DE BONA SARTOR EM URUSSANGA, SC * THE ITALIAN IMMIGRATION AND THE TRAJECTORY OF THE DE BONA SARTOR’S FAMILY IN URUSSANGA, SC

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Gil Karlos Ferri
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genealogical Trees ◽  
Italian Immigration ◽  
The Family ◽  
Historical Contextualization ◽  
Socioeconomic Crisis

Este artigo propõe uma contextualização histórica da imigração italiana para Urussanga, SC, través da análise da trajetória da família de Bona Sartor, oriunda da província de Belluno, Itália. O período analisado corresponde ao século XIX, com a crise socioeconômica e a grande emigração italiana, e à primeira metade do século XX, com o estabelecimento da família de Matteo e Domenica de Bona Sartor em Urussanga. Para recompor essa trajetória, foram utilizadas diversas fontes, como registros de nascimento, matrimônio e óbito, históricos familiares, árvores genealógicas, fotografias, entrevistas e dados antropológicos. Os estudos genealógicos e sobre os costumes do passado revelam adaptações e inovações nas dinâmicas familiares, podendo nos legar inspiração para buscarmos melhores condições de vida.*This article proposes a historical contextualization of Italian immigration to Urussanga, SC, through the analysis of the trajectory of the Bona Sartor family from the province of Belluno, Italy. The period analyzed corresponds to the nineteenth century, with the socioeconomic crisis and the great Italian emigration, and the first half of the twentieth century, with the establishment of the family of Matteo and Domenica de Bona Sartor inUrussanga. To compose this trajectory, several sources were used, such as birth, marriage and death records, family histories, genealogical trees, photographs, interviews and anthropological data. Genealogical studies and the customs of the past reveal adaptations and innovations in family dynamics, and can inspire us to seek better living conditions.

scholarly journals Attaining An Ideal : Time, Technology And The Victorian Family Composite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Imagery Techniques ◽  
Photographic Imagery

Combined photographic imagery is a broad and varied category of photography even when narrowed down to nineteenth-century iterations such as the composite technique. While a general understanding of composite photography exists, there is a lack of scholarship regarding a specific variant, the Victorian family composite. Using a study group of five Victorian family composites and photocollages, this thesis explores the importance of the family and of photography in Victorian society in order to arrive at an understanding of the particular motivations behind choosing the composite technique to represent the family. The determining factors include the need to overcome the technical and logistical limitations of nineteenth-century photography, as well as the aesthetics inherent to the composite process. Although the full trajectory of composite photography is not traced, definitions of major nineteenth and early twentieth-century combined imagery techniques are offered in order to contextualize the images discussed.

Russian Peasant Views of City Life, 1861-1914

Slavic Review ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Alpern Engel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
World War ◽  
City Life ◽  
Stable Element ◽  
The Family ◽  
Peasant Women ◽  
The Village

In the decades following the emancipation of the serfs, increasing numbers of peasants left their native villages for cities and industrial centers, in response to a growing need for cash and declining opportunities to earn it at home. At least until World War I, the vast majority of these migrants were men; women were the more stable element in the village. In the words of one student of peasant life, women “cling to the family and the land, and need particularly unfavorable circumstances to compel them to move somewhere else.“ Nevertheless, as the nineteenth century drew to a close the economic circumstances that prompted peasant men to leave villages increasingly caused women to leave as well. Like their husbands, fathers and brothers, migrant women often chose urban destinations. At the turn of the twentieth century, there were 650 peasant women per 1,000 peasant men in Moscow, and 368 migrant peasant women for every 1,000 migrant peasant men in St. Petersburg; by 1910, the proportion in St. Petersburg had increased to 480 per 1,000.

scholarly journals Attaining An Ideal : Time, Technology And The Victorian Family Composite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Imagery Techniques ◽  
Photographic Imagery

Combined photographic imagery is a broad and varied category of photography even when narrowed down to nineteenth-century iterations such as the composite technique. While a general understanding of composite photography exists, there is a lack of scholarship regarding a specific variant, the Victorian family composite. Using a study group of five Victorian family composites and photocollages, this thesis explores the importance of the family and of photography in Victorian society in order to arrive at an understanding of the particular motivations behind choosing the composite technique to represent the family. The determining factors include the need to overcome the technical and logistical limitations of nineteenth-century photography, as well as the aesthetics inherent to the composite process. Although the full trajectory of composite photography is not traced, definitions of major nineteenth and early twentieth-century combined imagery techniques are offered in order to contextualize the images discussed.

scholarly journals “[We] had not the ties of blood to unite us”

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-484
Author(s):  
Beatrice Turner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
William Godwin ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gothic Novel ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Cultural Anxieties

Beatrice Turner, “‘[We] had not the ties of blood to unite us’: Family Genius and Family Blood in William Godwin Jr.’s Transfusion” (pp. 457–484) This essay recuperates Transfusion; or, the Orphans of Unwalden (1835), the posthumously published and forgotten novel of William Godwin’s only son, William Godwin Jr. It argues that Godwin Jr.’s absence from Godwin-Shelley circle scholarship is a critical oversight given the complex personal and intellectual relationship between writing and family, which, as numerous critics have noted, defines this circle of authors. Attention to Transfusion reveals a Gothic novel expressly concerned with articulating a biological idea of the family, dramatizing the fatal consequences of “porous” family arrangements that transgress the absolute boundaries erected by blood. Godwin Jr. mobilizes early-nineteenth-century proto-evolutionary discourses and biomedical theories in order to reject the viability of socially constructed or affective familial structures, reflecting cultural anxieties about how to define the family and, ultimately, the species. However, the novel’s deterministic account of family relations appears also directly to oppose the contractual family ideal that characterized both how Godwin Sr. imagined the family and, to a lesser extent, how the Godwin-Shelley family constituted itself. I argue that Transfusion speaks directly to Godwin Jr.’s “outsider” position in the family, interrogating how the Godwin-Shelley family imagines itself and its family “canon,” and opens up opportunities for significant further work on this writing family.

scholarly journals TRANSNATIONAL ANARCHISM, JAPANESE REVOLUTIONARY CONNECTIONS, AND THE PERSONAL POLITICS OF EXILE

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
NADINE WILLEMS
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Personal Politics ◽  
Social Philosopher ◽  
The Family ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Circle Of Friends ◽  
Edward Carpenter

AbstractIn the autumn of 1913, Japanese radical journalist Ishikawa Sanshirō (1876–1956) fled Japan for Europe on a self-imposed exile that would last more than seven years. While there, he mingled with English social philosopher Edward Carpenter (1844–1929) and his circle of friends, and resided for several years with the family of French anarchist Paul Reclus (1858–1941), nephew and professional heir of famed nineteenth-century geographer Elisée Reclus (1830–1905). Ishikawa’s travels contributed to the development of an intricate web of non-state, non-institutional links, fuelling an exchange of knowledge that spanned four decades. His personal trajectory highlights the significance of individual-based activism to the early twentieth-century global spread of anarchism. The experience of exile is also a valuable opportunity to explore how chance encounters, emotional ties, and subjective politics shape ideas of social change in tension with ideological consistency.

scholarly journals Charakterystyka języka familijnego Joachima Lelewela dotyczącego społecznej przestrzeni rodziny (na podstawie listów do najbliższych)

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violetta Jaros
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Family Names ◽  
The Family

A Description of Joachim Lelewel’s Familial Language Concerning the Family Social Space (on the Basis of Letters to His Loved Ones)This article is a contribution to research on Joachim Lelewel’s familial language. The study is limited to a range of linguistic phenomena concerning the family social space, and considers the two-volume collection of his letters from many different places written in various periods of his life. The epistolary prose under examination reflects the language of nobility and intelligentsia circles of the first half of the nineteenth century, with its distinctly marked hierarchical structure of the family social space. Its exponents include family names (e.g. the names for kinship and family relations, maritonymics and patronymics, names used with reference to married couples), familial forms of address (with the conventional forms Pan/Pani ‘Sir/Madam’, Dobrodziej/Dobrodziejka/Dobrodziejstwo ‘Sir/ Madam/Sir and Madam’, lit. ‘benefactor/benefactress/benefactors’ in relation to the elderly), emotional colloquial vocabulary and unofficial anthroponyms. This use of familial language, characterised by infrequent use of personalised forms, belongs to marked informal register. Charakterystyka języka familijnego Joachima Lelewela dotyczącego społecznej przestrzeni rodziny (na podstawie listów do najbliższych)Niniejszy szkic stanowi przyczynek do poznania właściwości języka familijnego Joachima Lelewela. Charakterystyka ograniczona została do repertuaru zjawisk językowych dotyczących społecznej przestrzeni rodziny. Podstawę materiałową tworzy dwutomowy zbiór korespondencji pisanej z wielu miejsc pobytu w różnych okresach życia historyka. Badana proza epistolarna odzwierciedla język środowiska szlachecko-inteligenckiego pierwszej połowy XIX wieku, w którym wyraźnie zaznacza się zhierarchizowanie struktury przestrzeni społecznej rodziny, czego wykładnikami są nazwy rodzinne (m.in. nazwy pokrewieństwa i powinowactwa, marytonimika i patronimika, określenia par małżeńskich), familiarne adresatywy z konwencjonalnymi formułami Pan // Pani, Dobrodziej // Dobrodziejka // Dobrodziejstwo w stosunku do starszych, emocjonalną leksyką potoczną i nieoficjalnymi antroponimami. Realizacja języka familijnego, w którym ujawniają się nieliczne indywidualizmy, sytuuje się w obrębie rejestru nacechowanego języka potocznego.

Fraternalism, Paternalism, the Family, and the Market: Insurance a Century Ago

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Whaples ◽  
David Buffum
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
Market Insurance ◽  
The Face ◽  
Social Reformers

They helped every one his neighbor; and every one said to his brother, Be of good courage.—Isaiah 41:6By the end of the nineteenth century most of the economically advanced European nations had adopted some form of public social insurance. In the world’s richest nation, however, widows and the aged, sick, and injured received little support from the state. Without the help of the state, how did American workers and their families survive in the face of sickness, accidents, old age, or the death of the primary earner? The traditional answer is that they survived rather badly, if at all. Social reformers of the early twentieth century and most modern historians argue that voluntarism was a failure, that it was not suited to the needs of an increasingly industrialized, urbanized populace.

scholarly journals The Representation of Jews in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Hungarian Proverb Collections

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Ilana Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Folk Wisdom ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Hungarian Society ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
Language Content

Proverbs are concise formulations of folk wisdom and as such, when seen in masses, they may well express the spirit of their time and place. In Hungarian proverbial lore Jews figure prominently in nineteenth-century proverb collections but fade out of such collections as of the mid-twentieth century. In the nineteenth-century proverb collections Jews are invariably portrayed as faithless, dishonest, greedy, physically weak and unattractive. Largely, this portrayal as well as the dynamics of the earlier presence of Jews versus their later disappearance from Hungarian proverb collections match the shared history of Hungarians and Hungarian Jews since the 1867 Emancipation of the country's Jews and possibly even earlier, through their growing integration in significant arenas of their host society, up to their persecution and annihilation in the Holocaust, and later their decade long forced merging into the general Hungarian society under communism. This article traces the occurrence and disappearance of Jews in Hungarian proverb collections throughout the last two centuries and analyzes the language, content and messages of the proverbs about Jews in these collections.

The Bakhtiyārī Ilkhānī: An Illusion of Unity

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene R. Garthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth

The very use of the term “Bakhtiyārī” with its implicit notion of sociopolitical unity has obscured the nature of the organization and relationships of these pastoral nomadic tribes.1 At the same time that observers of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Iran described the Bakhtiyārī as a unit, they could not explain the prevailing disunity that characterized tribal relationships. Major obstacles for analysis of this problem have been the office of the īlkhānī, paramount chief of all the Bakhtiyārī, and the domination of tribal history by the family of those eligible for this position, which has imposed a certain unity upon recent Bakhtiyārī history. The view that an īlkhānī had long ruled the Bakhtiyārī and that the tribes constituted a confederation has been accepted since the late nineteenth century. Yet the first īlkhānī, Husain Qulī Khan, was not appointed until 1867, and possibly only during his. tenure in office (d. 1882), and again during the Persian Revolution, have the Bakhtiyārī functioned as a true confederation. The significance of prevailing disunity under a temporary political and administrative unity goes beyond the history of the Bakhtiyārī and has important implications for an understanding of Iranian society and history itself.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document