scholarly journals Theoretical Perspectives to Archaeology of Mortuary practices: a brief overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Luísa De Assis Roedel
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Funerary Practices ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives

This paper intends to discuss the general alignments of major theoretical approaches when it comes to archaeological studies about cemeteries and funerary practices. I seek to bring examples of executed researches in different mortuary contexts and analyze how contrasting academic orientations allow us to answer distinct questions. Through discussions made mainly in the Brazilian and North American scenario I aim to assemble general boundaries which point to a common way of some theories, although it will not show all the variability of these various approaches. Perspectivas teóricas para a Arqueologia Cemiterial: um breve panorama O presente artigo discute os alinhamentos gerais das principais abordagens teóricas em relação a pesquisas sobre cemitérios e práticas funerárias, sob a ótica da arqueologia. Pretendo ainda trazer exemplos de trabalhos realizados em contextos cemiteriais e analisar como as diferentes orientações teóricas permitem responder perguntas diversas. Através de discussões realizadas principalmente no cenário brasileiro e norte americano, busquei compilar linhas gerais que apontam para um caminho comum de alguns vieses teóricos, embora não mostre toda variabilidade de cada uma dessas abordagens contrastantes.

Setting Theoretical Egos Aside: Issues and Theory in North American Archaeology

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Hegmon
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
North American ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
American Archaeology ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
North American Archaeology ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives

Theory in North American archaeology is characterized in terms of foci and approaches manifested in research issues, rather than in explicit or oppositional theoretical positions. While there are some clear-cut theoretical perspectives—evolutionary ecology, behavioral archaeology, and Darwinian archaeology—a large majority of North American archaeology fits a broad category here called “processual-plus.” Among the major themes that crosscut many or all of the approaches are interests in gender, agency/practice, symbols and meaning, material culture, and native perspectives. Gender archaeology is paradigmatic of processual-plus archaeology, in that it draws on a diversity of theoretical approaches to address a common issue. Emphasis on agency and practice is an important development, though conceptions of agency are too often linked to Western ideas of individuals and motivation. The vast majority of North American archaeology, including postprocessual approaches, is modern, not postmodern, in orientation. The relative dearth of theoretical argument positively contributes to diversity and dialogue, but it also may cause North American theory to receive inadequate attention and unfortunate misunderstandings of postmodernism.

scholarly journals Slika i antislika – Julije Knifer i problem prezentacije

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Blaženka Perica
Keyword(s):  
Visual Studies ◽  
Image Theory ◽  
Art Theory ◽  
Scholarly Output ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Image Science ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Artistic Career ◽  
Insight Into

The collection of texts Image and Anti-Image – Julije Knifer and the Problem of Representation is based on multi- and transdisciplinary research conducted by Croatian and international critics and theoreticians. They have investigated the contemporary sensibility for the questions of image and pictoriality by referring to a common starting point: the oeuvre of one of the most important Croatian artists – Julije Knifer. In their analysis of Knifer’s paintings since the early 1960s, which revolve around a single motif – the “meander” – which the artist has repeated and varied throughout his artistic career, the authors have followed the changing reception of his work from the supremacy of the high modernist image concept, such as postulated in Greenberg’s formalistic theory, until today, when theoretical proposals have become essentially different. In his introduction to the project, editor Krešimir Purgar has stressed the importance of new perspectives that Knifer’s work may offer if viewed in the context of new disciplines such as visual studies and image science. The 21 articles, grouped into five thematic sections, aim at clarifying and expanding the references of Knifer’s “meander” by taking diverse informative and original approaches that have this recent image theory as their starting point. In the context of Croatian scholarly output, this publication is notable for having accomplished a rare blend between monographic material and a series of interdisciplinary, scholarly-theoretical studies based on extremely varied perspectives, resulting in a valuable comparative miscellany, a contribution both to the actualisation and new positioning of Knifer’s art and to our insight into various analytic and interpretative approaches related to the present state of art theory. Such an approach assigns a special place to the image, to pictoriality and visuality. The theoretical perspectives of image science and the heterogeneous, plural strategies of research developed within the new image studies (image science, visual studies) assimilate and expand rather than replace the previously accepted methods, common in traditional theoretical approaches to the discipline of art history.

Ethnologie

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Social Anthropology ◽  
Anthropology Of Media ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Development Anthropology

Researching cultural diversity is a central subject of social anthropology. 25 authors from institutes in Germany, Austria and Switzerland offer an insight into the subject, its contents and theoretical perspectives. The articles cover a variety of topics: the history of the discipline as well as basic theories and methods, subareas such as business or kinship anthropology, crosscutting issues such as anthropology of media, but also up-to-date specialised fields such as urban or development anthropology. The book is therefore invaluable for students and anyone interested in social anthropology who wants to open up fields of work, theoretical approaches and results of the subject.

Dying and its Interpreters: A Review of Selected Literature and Some Comments on the State of the Field

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Corr ◽  
Kenneth J. Doka ◽  
Robert Kastenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Developmental Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Coping ◽  
State Of The Field

What have been the major theoretical approaches that have been useful in the study of dying to date? What theoretical approaches hold promise for the future? Selected literature on dying and coping with dying is reviewed in an effort to describe the present state of our knowledge in this field and to contribute to an overall theory of dying. Three central topics are 1) awareness of and communication about dying; 2) processes of illness; and 3) coping with dying. Reflections are offered on the kinds[s] of theory that might be desirable in this field, together with a number of lessons that can be drawn from the existing literature. A continued exploration of the ways that theoretical perspectives from psychology and sociology such as developmental theory, Symbolic lnteractionism, or Reconstructism can lead to greater understanding of the dying process.

Prospects for an integrated trait and cultural psychology

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Timothy Church
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Test Elements ◽  
Trait Prediction

Church (2000) discussed a possible integration of trait and cultural psychology perspectives, two dominant theoretical approaches in the study of culture and personality. In this article, I summarise the results of cross‐cultural studies we have conducted to test elements of this integrated perspective, discuss prospects for an integrated approach, and note future research needs. The studies address the measurement of implicit theories regarding the traitedness versus contextuality of behaviour; culture, method, and the content of self‐concepts; culture and explanations of everyday behaviours; accuracy and self‐enhancement in trait assessments; cross‐role consistency and its relation to adjustment; and cross‐situational consistency and trait prediction of daily behaviour. Our results, and those of other researchers, indicate that an integration of trait and cultural psychology perspectives has potential. However, some findings suggest that cultural psychology hypotheses may be more consistently supported in comparisons of Americans with selected Asian cultures than in comparisons of individualistic and collectivistic cultures more generally. Thus, an integrated perspective may need to be recast using theoretical perspectives that go beyond individualism–collectivism. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals EXPLAINING TRANSPHOBIA AND DISCRIMINATION AGAINST TRANS PEOPLE: A REVIEW OF THEORETICAL APPROACHES

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Aguirre-Sánchez-Beato
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Trans People ◽  
Conceptual Distinction ◽  
Theoretical Proposal

Abstract Transphobia and discrimination against trans people are widespread. In view of growing scientific interest in understanding this type of discrimination and considering that scientific knowledge shapes the way a phenomenon is understood and addressed, this paper aims at identifying theoretical perspectives and categories used in contemporary scientific research (2005-2016) to explain discrimination against trans people. A review of literature and a qualitative content analysis of the selected documents (N = 68) were carried out. Two broad theoretical perspectives were identified: cognitive approaches and discursive approaches. The limitations of the two approaches are discussed in terms of how the problem of transphobia and discrimination is framed and explained and the scope for action offered. To overcome such limitations, a conceptual distinction between gendered practices and transphobic attitudes and ideology is suggested and an alternative theoretical proposal using discursive psychology is presented.

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Positive Valence

This book provides an overview of key processes relevant to disturbances in positive valence systems; discusses cutting-edge advances on positive emotion disturbance in key clinical disorders, translational applications, and targeted treatment foci; discusses conceptualizations of psychopathology and models of positive emotion disturbances; and suggests future research to better understand the nature of positive emotion. The book covers cutting-edge scientific work and theoretical perspectives from a renowned group of psychologists. Their expertise spans a diverse array of methodological and theoretical approaches applied to the study of positive valence disturbances across the life span and across a range of psychiatric disorders. In doing so, this book demonstrates how examining populations characterized by positive emotion disturbance enables a better understanding of both psychiatric course and risk factors and informs claims about the basic function of positive emotion.

ReFocus: The Films of Andrei Tarkovsky

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Career ◽  
Film Genre ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
Lars Von Trier ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Andrei Tarkovsky ◽  
Film Method ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Despite an output of only 7 feature films in 20 years, Andrei Tarkovsky has had a profound influence on international cinema. Famous for their spiritual depth and incredible visual beauty, his films have gained cult status among cineastes and are often included in ranking polls and charts dedicated to the best movies ever made. Beginning with the late 1980s, Tarkovsky’s highly complex cinema has continuously attracted scholarly attention by generating countless hermeneutic challenges and possibilities for film critics. This book provides a fresh look at the director’s legacy, with critical essays by both world-famous and early-career film scholars. It consists of four parts covering biographical, aesthetic, and philosophical aspects of Tarkovsky’s work as well as tracing his influence on other filmmakers. Part one, entitled ‘Backgrounds’ (chapters one to three), discusses extra-cinematic factors that influenced Tarkovsky’s cinema, such as his biography and theoretical statements. Part two, entitled ‘Film Method’ (chapters four to eight), examines Tarkovsky’s cinematic techniques, including his treatment of film genre, documentary style, temporality, landscape, and sound. Part three, ‘Theoretical Approaches’ (chapters nine to thirteen), discusses Tarkovsky’s work in the contexts of psychoanalytical, philosophical, and other theoretical perspectives. The fourth and final part of this volume, ‘Legacy’ (chapters fourteen and fifteen), is dedicated to Tarkovsky’s longstanding influence on such prominent auteurs as Andrei Zvyagintsev and Lars von Trier, who are often hailed as the heirs of the Russian master.

9. European Union agencies:

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-224
Author(s):  
Dovilė Rimkutė
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Administrative Capacity ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

The institutional development of EU agencies is striking. Over the past decades, forty-six EU agencies have been established to support the European Commission and member states in their regulatory and executive tasks. Today, EU agencies are a vital part of the EU’s administrative capacity. EU agencies have received considerable scholarly attention that used a myriad of theoretical approaches—ranging from institutional, organizational, and bureaucratic reputation to interest-group theories—to explain why EU agencies have been created; how they develop over time; whether they are wielders of supranational or intergovernmental power; how they legitimize themselves and cultivate a positive bureaucratic reputation; and how they form alliances or insulate themselves from specific stakeholders. This chapter reviews the rise of EU agencies and introduces a selection of theoretical perspectives that have been used by EU agency scholars to study EU-level agencification and EU agency behaviour, regulatory processes, and outputs.

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