scholarly journals Organic substrates and formononetin for Leucaena leucocephala saplings

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Djalma Silva Pereira ◽  
Gilca Dos Santos Veloso ◽  
Rafaela Simão Abrahão Nóbrega ◽  
Altemar Dos Santos Dias ◽  
Audrey Ferreira Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

To obtain quality saplings it is necessary to consider the requirements the plants have for a balanced nutriente intake. These can be made available from organic waste which, in many cases, is simple to acquire and can be recycled easily. Consequently, the current study evaluated the potential of organic substrates and formononetin for the production of Leucaena leucocephala seedlings. Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, using a fully randomized experimental design, in a factorial arrangement (5 x 2), with five soil proportions: organic compound (100: 0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20 : 80) and two doses (0 and 1.0 mg per seed) of the isoflavonoid formononetine (7-hydroxy-4’-methoxy-isoflavone, Myconate®). After 60 days of sowing, shoot height, stem diameter, shoot height ratio, shoot diameter, number of nodules, aerial dry mass (ADM), root dry mass (RDM), total dry matter and Dickson Quality Index (DQI) of the Leucaena leucocephala seedlings were evaluated. Formononetin positively influenced dry root and total dry mass production, and the Dickson Quality Index of Leucaena leucocephala seedlings. A substrate with 46% soil and 54% organic compound gave the highest seedling DQI, this thereforee being the recommended proportions for this specieds during the initial growth phase.

Influência da Casca de Arroz Carbonizada no Desenvolvimento de Mudas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (VELL.) Morong

UNICIÊNCIAS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Vinícius Moreira Vaz ◽  
Douglas Santos Gonçalves ◽  
Priscila Bezerra De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

Entre as espécies florestais nativas indicadas para a recuperação de áreas degradas está o Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong, pouco se sabe sobre os processos germinativos e de produção de mudas desta espécie. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da casca de arroz carbonizada no desenvolvimento de mudas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum. O experimento foi conduzido no Viveiro Florestal da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, campus Universitário de Gurupi – TO, em que foram instalados cinco tratamentos e 20 repetições, com adição de Casca de Arroz Carbonizada (CAC) no substrato comercial Bioflora® (SCB), nas proporções de (T1) 0% CAC + 100% SCB, (T2) 25% CAC + 75% SCB, (T3) 50% CAC + 50% SCB, (T4) 75% CAC + 25% SCB e (T5) 100% CAC. Aos 20, 40 e 60 dias, após a semeadura, foram avaliados os parâmetros altura da parte aérea e diâmetro do coleto. Ao final de 60 dias foram obtidos os parâmetros: peso da massa seca da raiz, peso da massa seca da parte aérea, peso da massa seca total e índice de qualidade de Dickson. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas através do Software Assistat 7.7 pelo teste Scott e Knott ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. O uso de casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC) influenciou no desenvolvimento de mudas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. Palavras-chave: Substratos Alternativos. Tamboril. Viveiro Florestal AbstractAmong the native forest species indicated for the recovery of degraded areas is Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong, little is known about the germination processes and seedling production of this species. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of carbonized rice husk on the development of Enterolobium contortisiliquum seedlings. The experiment was conducted in the Forest Nursery of the Federal University of Tocantins, University campus of Gurupi - TO, five treatments and 20 replicates were installed, with the addition of Carbonized Rice Peel (CAC) in the commercial substratum Bioflora ® (SCB), in proportions (T1) 0% CAC + 100% SCB, (T2) 25% CAC + 75% SCB, (T3) 50% CAC + 50% SCB, (T4) 75% CAC + 25% SCB and (T5) 100% CAC . At 20, 40 and 60 days after sowing, the parameters of shoot height and shoot diameter were evaluated. At the end of 60 days, the following parameters were obtained: root dry mass weight, shoot dry mass weight, total dry mass weight and Dickson quality index. The used experimental design  was completely randomized (DIC), the means of the treatments were compared using Software Assistat 7.7 by the Scott and Knott test at the 5% probability level. The use of carbonized rice husk (CAC) influenced the development of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong seedlings. Keywords: Alternative Substrates. Monkfish. Forest Nursery

scholarly journals Organic substrates and their effects on the emergence and initial growth of Tamarindus indica seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Genilda Canuto Amaral ◽  
Yara Karolynne Lopes Abreu ◽  
Mariana Duarte Silva Fonseca ◽  
Luciana De Souza Lorenzoni Paschoa ◽  
Elbya Leão Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

The reuse of organic waste and destination as alternative substrates becomes an important strategy for the production of economically viable and ecologically sustainable forest seedlings. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of different substrates and compositions (proportions) on the emergence and initial growth of Tamarindus indica seedlings. For this, nine different substrates were formulated: bovine manure (EB), buriti paú (PB) and carnauba residue (RC) in the proportions of 75%, 50% and 25% complemented with washed sand and an additional treatment only with washed sand, considered as control. T. indica seeds were sown and conducted for 50 days. The following were evaluated: emergency speed index; mean emergence time, height of the shoot, diameter of the stem, number of leaves, length of the root system, dry mass of the shoot, dry mass of the root system, total dry mass and Dickson's quality index. For the variables of emergence of tamarind seeds, treatments with bovine manure and 25% buriti paú more efficient. In the growth of the seedlings, the best results of diameter, number of leaves, production of dry mass of the root system, aerial part or total part of the seedlings, in addition to Dickson's quality index were found in the proportion of 50% of bovine manure, followed by buriti paú. These results indicate that the substrates bovine manure and paú de buriti in the proportion 50% are the most suitable for the preparation of substrate for the production of T. indica seedlings.

scholarly journals Quality and growth of mangaba (Hancornia speciosa) seedlings according to the substrate and shading

2020 ◽  
pp. 531-536
Author(s):  
Isabela Machado de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Josiane Souza Salles ◽  
Edilson Costa ◽  
Alexandre Henrique Freitas de Lima ◽  
Flávio Ferreira da Silva Binotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa ◽  
Neck Diameter ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

The use of suitable substrates and growing environments are essential to produce high quality seedlings. This work evaluated shading levels and different substrates to produce mangaba seedlings. Growth environments with 0, 18, 35, and 50% shading were evaluated. In these environments, four substrates (S) were obtained from the combinations of soil (So), cattle manure (M), commercial substrate (CS), sand (Sa) and fine grain vermiculite (V), where: S1 = 0% So, 45% M, 20% CS, 20% Sa, 15% V, S2 = 15% So, 30% M, 20% CS, 20% Sa, 15% V, S3 = 30% So, 15% M, 20% CS, 20% Sa, 15% V, and S4 = 45% So, 0% M, 20% CS, 20% Sa, 15% V. For each growth environment, a completely randomized experimental design with five replications of five seedlings was adopted. The substrates S2 and S3 originated the best seedlings with the largest number of leaves, the largest dry mass of shoot, root, and total, and the highest Dickson quality index. The highest plants were obtained in the substrate S2. In the full sunlight environment, the conducted plants in S2 presented larger neck diameter. The environments with 0 and 18% of shading provided plants with larger leaves, larger aerial and total phytomass, and Dickson quality index. The environment in full sunlight promoted plants with a larger diameter. Therefore, it is recommended to produce seedlings on substrates S2 and S3 and in environments of 0 and 18% of shading.

scholarly journals DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE BARUZEIRO (Dipteryx alata Vog) EM FUNÇÃO DE SUSBTRATOS E LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Fonseca Elias de Oliveira ◽  
Cléber Luiz De Souza ◽  
Danilo Vieira Félix ◽  
Leandro Da Silva Fernandes ◽  
Polliany Santos Xavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Aerial Portion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
System Length ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Dickson Quality Index ◽  
Dipteryx Alata

DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE BARUZEIRO (Dipteryx alata Vog) EM FUNÇÃO DE SUSBTRATOS E LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO  HENRIQUE FONSECA ELIAS DE OLIVEIRA1; CLÉBER LUIZ DE SOUZA2; DANILO VIEIRA FÉLIX2; LEANDRO DA SILVA FERNANDES2; POLLIANY SANTOS XAVIER2 E LUCAS MAGALHÃES ALVES2 1Eng. Agrícola, Doutor, Instituto Federal Goiano, GO 154, km 03, CEP 76300-000, Ceres – GO, e-mail: [email protected]ônomo (a), Instituto Federal Goiano, GO 154, km 03, CEP 76300-000, Ceres – GO, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]  1 RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o crescimento inicial de plantas de baruzeiro, sob substratos e lâminas de irrigação e identificar o manejo que resulte em condições ideais para a produção de mudas desta espécie. Foi implantado um experimento no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em parcelas subdivididas no esquema 5 x 4, sendo as parcelas compostas por lâminas de irrigação diárias (6, 8, 10, 12 e 14 mm) e as subparcelas substratos: S1 - 100% Latossolo vermelho; S2 - 50% Latossolo vermelho e 50% Areia; S3 - 45% Latossolo vermelho, 45% Areia e 10% Esterco Bovino Curtido e S4 - Substrato comercial Basaplant®. As características avaliadas foram altura de planta, diâmetro de caule, número de folíolos, comprimento de raiz, massa seca de raiz, massa seca de parte aérea, massa seca de muda, relação das massas secas de raiz e parte aérea e índice de qualidade de Dickson. Aos 200 dias após a semeadura (DAS) o substrato S1 proporcionou maior crescimento e qualidade às plantas de baruzeiro, dado pelo Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD) obtido de 1,05, assim como a lâmina de 14 mm dia-1, a qual obteve IQD igual 0,98, diferindo estatisticamente das demais lâminas avaliadas. Palavras-chave: gotejamento, características produtivas, Índice de Qualidade de Dickson.  OLIVEIRA, H. F. E.; SOUZA, C. L.; FÉLIX, D. V.; FERNANDES L. S.; XAVIER, P. S.; ALVES, L. M.INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF BARUZEIRO (Dipteryx alata Vog) SEEDLING AS FUNCTION OF SUBSTRATES AND IRRIGATIONS LEVELS  2 ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the initial growth of baruzeiro plants, under substrates and irrigation levels and identify the management that results in ideal conditions for the production of seedlings of this species. The experiment was installed in a randomized block design, with four replications, in split-plot, in the scheme 4 x 5, with plots composed of five daily irrigations levels and four subplots substrates: S1 - 100% OXISOL RED; S2 - 50% OXISOL RED and 50% sand; S3 - 45% OXISOL RED, 45% sand, and 10% of tanned manure and S4 - Commercial Substrate Basaplant. The five daily watering (6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm) make up the subplot. The characteristics assessed were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaflets, root system length, dry matter mass of roots, dry matter mass of aerial portion, dry matter  mass of seedling, ratio between roots dry matter mass and aerial portion and seedling quality. At 200 DAS substrate S1 provided greater growth and quality to baruzeiro plants, given by the Dickson Quality Index (DQI) obtained of 1.05, as well as the irrigation depth of 14 mm day-1, once it obtained DQI equal to 0.98, statistically differing from the other irrigation depths assessed. Keywords: drip irrigation, productive characteristics, Dickson Quality Index.

scholarly journals Resposta de Handroanthus heptaphyllus Mattos em diferentes volumes de substrato e adubação de base.

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1770
Author(s):  
Thaise Da Silva TONETTO ◽  
Maristela Machado Araujo ◽  
Álvaro Luís Pasquetti Berghetti ◽  
Márcio Carlos Navroski
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Appropriate Practices ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Martius) Mattos response in different volumes of substrate and base fertilization. The native forest species require the adoption of appropriate practices in the nursery, such as the definition of the container volume and base fertilizer, to develop seedlings at lower cost. Thus, this study aimed to verify the performance of Handroanthus heptaphyllus seedlings grown in nurseries in different sizes of containers and different dosage of controlled release fertilizer (CRF). There was interaction between the volume of container and the fertilization for the height (H), stem diameter (SD), and H/SD relation. The shoot dry mass variable (SDM), root dry mass (RDM), total dry mass (TDM), SDM/RDM relation, Dickson quality index (DCI) and leaf area (LA) were influenced only by the base fertilizer. The highest values for these variables were, respectively, 15.68 cm; 6.55 mm, 2.58 cm mm-1; 2.05 g; 2.03 g; 3.84 g; 1.46; 1.15 and 246.97 cm². The H. heptaphyllus species is nutritionally demanding, positively responding to the high dose of CRF. Seedlings of H. heptaphyllus produced in tubes of 180 cm³ with 7.0 g L-1 of CRF present adequate growth.

scholarly journals Initial growth of Moringa oleifera Lam. as a function of poultry litter doses and granulometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-406
Author(s):  
Francisco Marto de Souza ◽  
Walter Esfrain Pereira ◽  
Jussara Silva Dantas ◽  
Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽  
Ellen Caroline Santos Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Dickson Quality Index ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

ABSTRACT There is an increasing use of poultry litter in seedling production. However, studies regarding the effect of different particle-size litter on plant growth are still scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Moringa oleifera Lam. fertilized with poultry litter doses (0 g dm-3, 40 g dm-3, 80 g dm-3 and 120 g dm-3) with distinct particle sizes (1 mm and 4 mm), with four replications. The following variables were evaluated: plant height; root and stem diameter; leaf, stem, shoot and root dry matter mass; shoot/root dry matter mass ratio; and the Dickson quality index. There was no influence of the particle size on the studied variables, except for plant height. The root diameter decreased with the increase of the poultry litter doses. The accumulation of dry matter mass from the shoot and root increased with the increase of poultry litter doses up to 120 g dm-3. A linear increase of the Dickson quality index, relatively to days and poultry litter doses, was observed. It is recommended to apply 80 g dm-3 of poultry litter to fertilize M. oleifera plants, independently of the granulometry used.

scholarly journals Matrix management interfers in yield and quality of cocoa seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Alves Pereira ◽  
Gedeon Almeida Gomes Júnior ◽  
Eliandro Malta Rodrigues ◽  
George Andrade Sodré ◽  
Célio Kersul do Sacramento
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cocoa Seedlings ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

Abstract The influence of two managements on yield and quality of plagiotropic mini-cuttings of four cacao clones was evaluated. The design was completely randomized in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme with 4 clones x 2 mother plant management (apical pruning and bending), with 10 replicates and one plant as experimental unit. Seedlings used were propagated by rooting of semi-woody cuttings of plagiotropic branches and at seven months of age, two seedlings of each clone were transplanted to 12 L pots filled with organomineral substrate. After transplantation, the apex of one of the plants was cut based on the count of the first six leaves from the apex. For bending, stems were folded and horizontally fixed. The first collection of mini-cuttings was performed 30 days after transplantation and the others during the following seven months. The yield of mini-cuttings was estimated during collections and part was used for rooting and quality evaluation of seedlings. After 90 days, 10 mini-cuttings of each clone were evaluated for quality using the Dickson quality index (DQI). Another 10 rooted mini-cuttings were transplanted to 1.5 L polyethylene bags and kept in greenhouse for another 120 days until final quality evaluation at 210 days. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% probability. Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Pearson correlation analysis were performed. bending was more efficient in the average production of mini-cuttings especially for BN 34 clone. The Dickson quality index was correlated with root dry mass, at both 90 and 210 days, and the bending technique was responsible for the best DQI. Variable height was not adequate to estimate the quality of cocoa seedlings.

scholarly journals Emergência e crescimento de alface (Lactuca sativa L.) submetida a substratos orgânicos

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Franciele Mara Lucca Zanardo Bohm ◽  
Adriana Strieder Philippsen ◽  
Débora Larissa de Oliveira ◽  
Lucas Henrique Teixeira Garcete ◽  
Paula Bonomo Bertola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lettuce Growth ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Sustainable System

<p>A agricultura orgânica se destaca como modo de produção que consiste em um sistema sustentável. Um dos desafios desse método de cultivo é a produção de alimentos com qualidade em quantidades suficientes sem comprometer o meio ambiente. Objetivou-se analisar o efeito de substratos orgânicos na germinação e crescimento inicial de alface. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (substratos) e duas repetições. Foram testados os substratos: composto de Sibipiruna, substrato comercial, composto de Sibipiruna com chorume e substrato comercial com chorume. O chorume foi obtido exclusivamente da decomposição de vegetais. Foi avaliado o efeito dos substratos pelo percentual de germinação, massa fresca, massa seca e comprimento da radícula. Pôde-se considerar que houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. As sementes, quando germinadas em substrato de Sibipiruna com chorume, apresentaram maior massa seca e comprimento de radícula. Com relação à massa fresca, os valores obtidos foram maiores quando o chorume foi adicionado a ambos os substratos. O chorume obtido da decomposição de vegetais aumentou a germinação e o crescimento inicial das plântulas.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Emergence and growth of lettuce (</em></strong><em>Lactuca sativa<strong> </strong>L.<strong>) submitted to organic substrates</strong></em></p><pre><strong>Abstract: </strong>Organic agriculture stands out as a mode of production consisting of a sustainable system. One of the challenges of this method of cultivation is the production of sufficient quality food in sufficient quantities without compromising the environment. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of organic substrates on germination and initial lettuce growth. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (substrates) and two replicates. The substrates were tested: Sibipiruna compound, commercial substrate, Sibipiruna compound with slurry and commercial slurry substrate. The manure was obtained exclusively from the decomposition of vegetables. The effect of the substrates was evaluated by percentage of germination, fresh mass, dry mass and radicular length. It was possible to consider that there was a significant difference between treatments. The seeds, when germinated in substrate of Sibipiruna with slurry, presented higher dry mass and radicle length. Regarding the fresh mass, the values obtained were higher when the slurry was added to both substrates. The slurry obtained from the decomposition of plants increased the germination and the initial growth of the seedlings.</pre>

scholarly journals SELETIVIDADE DE MISTURAS DE HERBICIDAS E INSETICIDAS EM TANQUE APLICADAS EM HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
CLEBER DANIEL DE GOES MACIEL ◽  
ANDRÉ AUGUSTO PAZINATO DA SILVA ◽  
ENELISE OSCO HELVIG ◽  
ANTÔNIO MENDES DE OLIVEIRA NETO ◽  
NAIARA GUERRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Chlorpyrifos Ethyl

 RESUMO - A associação de herbicidas e inseticidas é uma prática comum entre os agricultores, entretanto, muitas vezes pode provocar injúrias à cultura do milho. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas em mistura em tanque com inseticidas de diferentes grupos químicos, no crescimento inicial de hibridos de milho. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos separadamente em estufa plástica com dois híbridos de milho (30F35 e 2B-710), utilizando como unidades experimentais vasos com duas plantas nos estádios fenológicos V3 e V6. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Foram avaliados 31 tratamentos, representados pela aplicação de seis herbicidas (atrazine, nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron, mesotrione, carfentrazone e 2,4-D, nas doses de 2000; 37,5; 36+2,4; 144; 10 e 1000 g ha-1, respectivamente) isolados e em mistura com quatro inseticidas (permethrin, methomyl, chlorpyrifos ethyl e novarulon, nas doses de 26,9; 64,5; 240 e 15 g ha-1, respectivamente) e uma testemunha sem aplicação. Avaliou-se a intoxicação das plantas aos 7 e 14 dias após a aplicação (DAA), o teor de clorofila das folhas, número médio de folhas por planta, massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes aos 14 DAA. Os resultados foram variáveis em função do híbrido e estádio fenológico na aplicação, sendo as misturas menos prejudiciais ao milho quando aplicadas em V3. Os tratamentos com atrazine foram os que menos afetaram o crescimento inicial dos híbridos. As misturas nicosulfuron + chlorpyrifos ethyl, mesotrione + chlorpyrifos ethyl e 2,4-D + chlorpyrifos ethyl foram as que mais prejudicaram o híbrido 30F35. Por outro lado, a mistura carfentrazone + chlorpyrifos ethyl foi a que mais afetou o crescimento inicial do híbrido 2B-710.Palavras-chave: fitointoxicação, antagonismo, estádio de desenvolvimento, Zea mays. SELECTIVITY OF HERBICIDES AND INSECTICIDES TANK MIXTURES APPLIED IN MAIZE HYBRIDS  ABSTRACT - The association of herbicides and insecticides despite often cause damage to the corn crop is a common practice among farmers. This study aimed to evaluate the initial selectivity of herbicides in tank mixture with insecticides from different chemical groups in maize. Two experiments were carried out in plastic greenhouse, using as experimental units pots with two maize hybrids (30F35 and 2B-710) in V3 and V6 phenological stages. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with five replications. Thirty-one treatments were represented by applying six herbicides (atrazine, nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron+iodosulfuron, mesotrione, carfentrazone and 2.4- D) isolated and in combination with the four insecticides (permethrin, methomyl, chlorpyrifos ethyl and novarulon) and a check without application. The phytointoxication was evaluated at 7 and 14 days after application (DAA), the chlorophyll content in leaves, total number of leaves, dry mass of the aerial part and roots at 14 DAA. The results were dependent of hybrid and corn stage in the application, and mixtures were less harmful when applied in V3 stage. The treatments with atrazine affected less the initial growth of the two hybrids. The mixtures of nicosulfuron+chlorpyrifos ethyl, mesotrione+chlorpyrifos ethyl and 2.4-D + chlorpyrifos ethyl were the most prejudicial to the hybrid 30F35. In addition, the carfentrazone + chlorpyrifos ethyl mixture was the most harmful to the initial growth of the hybrid 2B-710.Keywords: phytointoxication, antagonism, development stage, Zea mays.

scholarly journals EFEITO DE TELAS DE SOMBREAMENTO NO CRESCIMENTO E PROTEÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Toona ciliata SOB BAIXAS TEMPERATURAS

FLORESTA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Rudinei De Marco ◽  
Bruno Conte ◽  
Edison Rogério Perrando ◽  
Fabiano De Oliveira Fortes ◽  
Lucindo Somavilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Toona Ciliata ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes camadas de telas de sombreamento no crescimento e na proteção de mudas de Toona ciliata em períodos de suscetibilidade a geadas. O estudo foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Frederico Westphalen, RS. Para a realização do experimento, mudas de Toona ciliata foram mantidas em sacos plásticos com capacidade de três litros e submetidas a quatro tratamentos: mudas sem proteção e mudas sob proteção com camada simples, dupla e tripla de sombreamento. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de oito mudas por repetição. Foi avaliado o número de mudas com folhas apicais necrosadas, a altura da parte aérea, o diâmetro do colo e a massa seca radicular, aérea e total. Por meio dessas variáveis, foi possível determinar o Índice de Produtividade, o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson e as relações altura/diâmetro e altura/massa seca da parte aérea. A utilização de telas de sombreamento mostrou-se eficiente para a proteção das mudas contra o efeito adverso da geada. O uso de uma camada simples de sombreamento resultou em maior proteção e consequentemente forneceu as melhores características dendrométricas em relação às demais intensidades de sombreamento.Palavras-chave: Tela de proteção; tolerância à geada; cedro australiano. AbstractEffect of shading screens on growth and protection of Toona ciliata seedlings under low temperatures. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of different shading screens layers on the growth and protection of Toona ciliata seedlings in periods of frost susceptibility. The research was conducted on the Santa Maria Federal University, Frederico Westphalen Campus, RS. For the experiment, Toona ciliata seedlings maintained in plastic bags with three liters of capacity each were submitted to four treatments: unprotected seedlings, seedlings under protection with a single shading layer, double and triple. The experimental design was the completely randomized, with four repetitions of eight seedlings each. It was evaluated the number of seedlings with necrosed apical leaves, the aerial part height, the lap diameter and the dry mass of root, aerial and total. By such variables, it was possible to determine the Produtivity Index, the Dickson Quality Index and the relations height/diameter and height/dry mass of aerial part. The use of shading screens showed up efficient to protect the seedlings against the adverse effect of frost. The use of a single layer of shading resulted in a greater protection and consequently provided the best dendrometric characteristics, compared to the others levels of shading.Keywords: Screen protection; tolerance to frost; Australian cedar.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document