Emergência e crescimento de alface (Lactuca sativa L.) submetida a substratos orgânicos

A agricultura orgânica se destaca como modo de produção que consiste em um sistema sustentável. Um dos desafios desse método de cultivo é a produção de alimentos com qualidade em quantidades suficientes sem comprometer o meio ambiente. Objetivou-se analisar o efeito de substratos orgânicos na germinação e crescimento inicial de alface. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (substratos) e duas repetições. Foram testados os substratos: composto de Sibipiruna, substrato comercial, composto de Sibipiruna com chorume e substrato comercial com chorume. O chorume foi obtido exclusivamente da decomposição de vegetais. Foi avaliado o efeito dos substratos pelo percentual de germinação, massa fresca, massa seca e comprimento da radícula. Pôde-se considerar que houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. As sementes, quando germinadas em substrato de Sibipiruna com chorume, apresentaram maior massa seca e comprimento de radícula. Com relação à massa fresca, os valores obtidos foram maiores quando o chorume foi adicionado a ambos os substratos. O chorume obtido da decomposição de vegetais aumentou a germinação e o crescimento inicial das plântulas.Emergence and growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) submitted to organic substrates<pre>Abstract: Organic agriculture stands out as a mode of production consisting of a sustainable system. One of the challenges of this method of cultivation is the production of sufficient quality food in sufficient quantities without compromising the environment. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of organic substrates on germination and initial lettuce growth. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (substrates) and two replicates. The substrates were tested: Sibipiruna compound, commercial substrate, Sibipiruna compound with slurry and commercial slurry substrate. The manure was obtained exclusively from the decomposition of vegetables. The effect of the substrates was evaluated by percentage of germination, fresh mass, dry mass and radicular length. It was possible to consider that there was a significant difference between treatments. The seeds, when germinated in substrate of Sibipiruna with slurry, presented higher dry mass and radicle length. Regarding the fresh mass, the values obtained were higher when the slurry was added to both substrates. The slurry obtained from the decomposition of plants increased the germination and the initial growth of the seedlings.</pre>

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Ruellia simplex cuttings propagation produced on carnauba waste substrate

Revista Agro mbiente On-line ◽

10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v14i0.6185 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Taciella Fernandes Silva ◽

Klayton Antonio Do Lago Lopes ◽

Janaiane Ferreira Dos Santos ◽

Ana Paula De Almeida Sousa ◽

Francisca Gislene Albano-Machado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Fresh Mass ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Shoot Number ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The production of quality seedlings is necessary for the trading of ornamental plants. Seedling quality depends on several factors, among these factors, the substrate is highlighted. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of substrates based on bagana of carnauba, in the production of Ruellia simplex seedlings, by vegetative propagation. A completely randomized design was adopted, with six treatments and four replications. The treatments (substrates) were composed of bagana of carnauba (BC) and soil, in the following proportions: BC0 - 0% BC + 100% of soil; BC20 - 20% BC + 80% of soil; BC40 - 40% BC + 60% of soil; BC60 - 60% BC + 40% of soil; BC80 - 80% BC + 20% of soil; BC100 - 100% BC + 0% of soil. The plot consisted of a plant. After 45 days of cutting, it was evaluated: number of shoots; number of leaves per shoot; diameter of the highest shoot; length of the highest shoot; root length; inflorescence number; number of flowers per inflorescence; leaf area; root volume; aerial part fresh mass; root system fresh mass; aerial part dry mass; and root system dry mass. There was a significant difference for the variables, number of leaves per shoot, diameter and length of the highest shoot, number of flowers per inflorescence, fresh and dry mass of the aerial part. Having a direct relationship between the increase in the proportion of bagana of carnauba volume and the inflorescence number, the substrate 100% of bagana of carnauba is indicated.

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INFLUENCE OF SUGARCANE STRAW AND SOWING DEPTH ON THE EMERGENCE OF WEED SPECIES

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582015000300003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 405-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. V. SILVA ◽

P. A. MONQUERO ◽

F. B. SILVA ◽

N. C. BEVILAQUA ◽

M. R. MALARDO

Keyword(s):

Ricinus Communis ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Weed Species ◽

Sowing Depth ◽

Sugarcane Straw ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Luffa Aegyptiaca

ABSTRACT This study aimed to understand the influence of sowing depth and the amount of sugarcane straw on the emergence of weed species Luffa aegyptiaca Miller (Cucurbitaceae); Mucuna aterrima Piper & Tracy (Fabaceae - Leguminosae) and Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae). A completely randomized design with a 5 x 4 x 3 factorial layout with four replications was used, at five sowing depths (0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 cm), four different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) and three different evaluation periods (7, 14 and 21 days after sowing). After sowing, different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) were deposited on soil. Seedling emergence was analyzed at 7, 14 and 21 days after sowing, counting the number of seedlings that had emerged. At the end of the trial, weed height (cm), leaf area (cm2) and shoot dry mass (g) were measured. In relation to emergence ability, studied species presented different responses according to sowing depth and to the amount of sugarcane straw deposited on the soil. For the L.aegyptiacaand M.aterrima, no significant difference was observed in the interaction between depth and sugarcane straw, showing the adaptation of these species to no-burn sugarcane system. For R.communis, seeds placed at 0 cm of sugar cane straw depth were observed to favor the emergence of seedlings.

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Trichoderma Contributes to the Germination and Seedling Development of Açaí Palm

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10100456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 456

Author(s):

Bruno Fróes Campos ◽

Anselmo Junior Corrêa Araújo ◽

Cristina Aledi Felsemburgh ◽

Thiago Almeida Vieira ◽

Denise Castro Lustosa

Keyword(s):

Dry Mass ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Trichoderma Isolate ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Set Up ◽

Root Size ◽

Trichoderma Isolates

The application of Trichoderma fungus can be used to obtain seedlings of higher quality for plantations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Trichoderma isolates on the germination and initial growth of açaí seedlings. Two trials were set up. In the laboratory, the seeds were inoculated in suspensions prepared with each of the isolates for 24 h, and they were arranged in trays containing filter paper in a completely randomized design with five replicates containing 50 seeds each. For the control, the seeds were submerged only in water. Part of the seedlings resulting from seeds treated and not treated with Trichoderma were transferred to bags containing forest soil and were submitted to seven modes of application of Trichoderma and kept in a nursery. The speed of germination and hypocotyl were not influenced by the biological treatment. The application of the different Trichoderma isolates positively influenced the height, collar diameter, number of leaves, root size, leaf area and root, and aerial part dry mass of the açaí seedlings. The application of the Trichoderma isolate TAM01 on the preplanting substrate and biweekly applications on the postplanting substrate was the combination that most positively influenced the development of açai seedlings.

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Vegetative Development of Radish Seedlings in Different Organic Substrates

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v41i630427 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Mario Euclides Pechara Da Costa Jaeggi ◽

Rogério Rangel Rodrigues ◽

Israel Martins Pereira ◽

Magno Do Carmo Parajara ◽

Richardson Sales Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Compound ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Fresh Mass ◽

Leaf Number ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Vegetative Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Radish Seedlings

The objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative development of radish seedlings in different organic substrates with seeds from two types of commercial packing. The completely randomized design was used in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, consisting of four substrates (commercial, tanned bovine manure, mixed organic compound and vermicompost) and two seed packings (aluminized envelope and can), with eight replications, totalizing 64 seedlings. The biometric evaluations of the seedlings were carried out on the 14th day after sowing, and the following phytotechnical parameters were evaluated: leaf number, total fresh mass; fresh mass from aerial part and fresh mass from the root. According to the results, the commercial, vermicompost and mixed organic substrates provided the best results for the variables evaluated when the can was used.

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Initial Growth of Amburana cearensis in Decomposed Buriti Stem Substrate and Nitrogen Doses

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n7p497 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 497

Author(s):

Augusto Matias de Oliveira ◽

Wéverson Lima Fonseca ◽

Tiago De Oliveira Sousa ◽

Hingrid Raiany Santos Teixeira ◽

Fernandes Antonio de Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Significant Interaction ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Slow Growth ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Initial Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

One of the difficulties of producing native species seedlings is slow growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial development of Amburana cearensis (Allem.) A. C. Smith in relation to the concentration decomposed buriti stem substratum and nitrogen doses. A completely randomized design was used in a factorial arrangement of 3 × 5 (proportions of decomposed buriti stem × nitrogen doses), with six replicates. The treatments were formulated substrates comprised of decomposed buriti stem manually mixed with soil (Dystrophic Yellow Latosol) in three proportions (0, 25 and 50%) and five nitrogen doses (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg dm-3) applied in treatments. There was no significant interaction between the DRM and ND factors. However, there was an isolated effect for the following variables: Plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), leaf number (LN), leaf area (LA), dry mass of the aerial part (DMA) and root length (RL). The best concentrations of the substrate for the variables PH, LA and DMA were 25% and 50%, whereas for SD, LN and RL, the best result was 50%. ND and other variables had good responses under recommended doses ranging from a minimum of 264.82 mg dm-3, observed in DMA, and a maximum of 400 mg dm-3, observed in RL. Both factors positively the quality of umburana seedlings.

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Production of papaya seedlings and initial growth produced in different polyethylene recipients

Scientific Electronic Archives ◽

10.36560/14820211431 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

Author(s):

M. Marcolin ◽

J. A. Massaroto ◽

R. N. Souza ◽

R. R. Rocha

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Initial Growth ◽

State University ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Green Matter ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Polyethylene Bags ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative and productive performance of papaya seedlings in response to different volumes of containers. The experiment was conducted in a seedling production nursery at the State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Campus de Nova Mutum - MT, using a completely randomized design with five replications, in which four sizes of polyethylene bags were tested in the production of seedlings: 10 x 16 cm, 15 x 21 cm, 17 x 27 cm and 20 x 21 The plots were composed of 3 plants. The parameters evaluated at 70 days after sowing were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root length, green matter mass and percentage of dry weight of the stem, leaves and roots. The container 17 x 27 cm stood out from the other containers, except for the characteristics of the length of the stem, percentage of dry mass of the stem and leaves where it was equivalent to the container 20 x 21 cm and the percentage of dry mass where all containers were equivalent. The experiment showed that the 17 x 27 cm container is the most recommended for the cultivation of papaya seedlings cultivar Sunrise Solo.

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CRESCIMENTO E NUTRIÇÃO DE PAU DE BALSA EM SOLO ENRIQUECIDO COM LODO DE ESGOTO

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i0.5379 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 699

Author(s):

Cristiane Ramos Vieira ◽

Oscarlina Lúcia dos Santos Weber

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Organic Residue ◽

Green Mass ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Growth And Nutrition ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Growth Of Seedlings

A utilização de substratos orgânicos pode tornar a produção de mudas menos onerosa, no entanto, há que se estabelecer estudo para obter conhecimento sobre os tipos de substratos bem como suas proporções mais adequadas para cada espécie produzida. Diante disso, realizou-se experimento em casa de vegetação para verificar a influência do lodo de esgoto no desenvolvimento e na nutrição de mudas de Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urban. Foram cinco doses de lodo de esgoto, cada dose com cinco repetições, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado: T0 – sem lodo de esgoto; T1 – 1,5 L ha-1; T2 – 2,7 L ha-1; T3 – 3,3 L ha-1 e; T4 – 5,0 L ha-1. Para a análise do desenvolvimento das mudas, verificou-se altura e diâmetro, durante 90 dias. Após 90 dias, verificou-se a massa verde da parte aérea, a massa seca da parte aérea e as concentrações de nutrientes. A adição de lodo de esgoto influenciou positivamente no crescimento das mudas, observando-se os maiores valores em diâmetro, massa verde e seca nas mudas em 3,3 L ha-1. As concentrações de N, Ca, Mg e de B nas folhas estiveram abaixo da recomendada e; de Fe e de Na acima; porém, sem limitação no crescimento das mudas.Palavras-chave: Ochroma pyramidale, resíduo orgânico, produção de mudas. GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF BALSAWOOD IN SOIL ENRICHED WITH SEWAGE SLUDGE ABSTRACT:The use of organic substrates can make the production of seedlings less expensive; however, it is necessary to establish a study to obtain knowledge about the types of substrates as well as their proportions more suitable for each species produced. For this, an experiment was installed in nursery with the aimed to verify the influence of sewage sludge in the development and nutrition of Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urban. Were evaluated five increasing doses of sewage sludge, each dose with five replications, in a completely randomized design: T0 – without sewage sludge; T1 – 1.5 L ha-1; T2 – 2.7 L ha-1; T3 – 3.3 L ha-1 and; T4 – 5.0 L ha-1. For the seedlings analysis of development were determined height and diameter, during 90 days. After 90 days, were verified, the wet mass of aerial part, dry mass of aerial part and concentrations of nutrients. The addition of sewage sludge influenced, positively, on the growth of seedlings, observing the highest values in diameter, green mass and dry mass in seedlings on 3.3 L ha-1. The concentrations of N, Ca, Mg and B on leaf were below of the recommended; Fe and Na above; however, without limitation on the growth of seedlings.Keywords: Ochroma pyramidale, organic residue, seedlings production.

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Crescimento de plântulas de alface (Lactuca sativa L.) em solo oriundo de um povoamento de Luetzelburgia auriculata (Allemão) Ducke

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v11i2.4260 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Érika do Nascimento Fernandes Pinto ◽

Jacob Silva Souto ◽

Francisco de Assis Pereira Leonardo ◽

César Henrique Alves Borges ◽

Roberto Ferreira Barroso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Lettuce Seeds ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Outdoor Area ◽

Soil Settlement ◽

Lettuce Growth ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Shoot Weight

Esta pesquisa buscou conhecer características alelopáticas e de fertilidade de um solo oriundo de povoamento de Luetzelburgia auriculata (Allemão) Ducke), através da avaliação do crescimento de plantas de alface. Inicialmente, realizou-se a coleta do solo sob o povoamento da L. auriculata (SPL) e de uma área externa a esse povoamento (SAE), na Fazenda Cachoeira de São Porfírio, em Várzea-PB, e encaminhou-se para o Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos. Em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, aplicaram-se cinco tratamentos com cinco repetições, colocando-se três sementes de alface por vaso contendo os seguintes tratamentos: T1=100%SAE; T2=100%SPL; T3=75%SPL; T4=50%SPL e T5=25%SPL. Aos 63 dias da semeadura, realizou-se a colheita e mensuraram-se as variáveis: comprimento da parte aérea, da raiz, peso da massa fresca da parte aérea, área foliar e número de folhas de cada indivíduo e a análise química dos substratos. Aplicou-se a ANOVA e o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O solo do povoamento da L. auriculata (SPL) apresentou uma maior quantidade de nutrientes em relação ao solo da área externa ao povoamento (SAE) e influenciou positivamente no crescimento das plantas de alface. No entanto, em apenas três dos cinco tratamentos aplicados (T1, T2 e T3), a alface se desenvolveu. Em T1, T2 e T3 as variáveis analisadas diferiram estatisticamente em função da origem dos solos utilizados e da proporção do esterco bovino. O solo oriundo do povoamento de L. auriculata não apresentou efeito alelopático sobre os parâmetros de crescimento da alface.Seedling growth lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in soil arising out of a settlement Luetzelburgia auriculata (Allemão) DuckeAbstract: This research aimed to know allelopathic characteristics and fertility of the soil arising out settlement Luetzelburgia auriculata (Allemão) Ducke by assessing the growth of lettuce plants. Initially, there was the collection of the soil under the settlement of L. auriculata (SSL) and an outdoor area to this settlement (AOS), the Cachoeira de São Porfírio Farm, in Várzea-PB, and walked to the Center for Health and Rural Technology at Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus of Patos. In a completely randomized design , applied to five treatments with five repetitions , placing three lettuce seeds per pot with the following treatments: T1=100%AOS; T2=100% SSL; T3=75% SSL, T4=50% SSL and T5=25% SSL. After 63 days of sowing, held the harvest and the variables measured: shoot length, root, fresh weight of shoot weight, leaf area and leaf number of each individual and the analysis chemical substrates. Applied to ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% probability. The soil settlement of L. auriculata (SSL) showed a greater amount of nutrients from the ground of the area outside the settlement (AOS) and positively influenced the growth of lettuce plants. However, only three of the five treatments applied (T1, T2 and T3), lettuce developed. In T1 , T2 and T3 variables analyzed differed significantly depending on the soil origin used and the proportion of cattle manure. The soil arising from population of L. auriculata showed no allelopathic effect on lettuce growth parameters.

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Effect of planting date and density on calendula and peppermint herbs

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v1i1.4241 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 25-29

Author(s):

Rahim Mohammadian ◽

Behnam Tahmasebpour ◽

Peyvand Samimifar

Keyword(s):

Mutual Effect ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Planting Date ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

Flower Number ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Total Maximum

A factorial experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of planting date and density on calendula herbs and peppermint. It had 3 replicates and was done in Khosroshahr research farm, Tabriz in 2006. Under studied factors were: 3 planting dates (10 May, 25 May and 10 June) in 4 densities (25, 35, 45, 55) of the plant in square meters. The results of variance a nalysis showed that there was 1% probability significant difference between the effects of planting date and bush density on the leave number, bush height and the bush dry weight. But the mutual effect of the plant date in mentioned traits density was insignificant. Regarding the traits mean comparison, the total maximum dry weight was about the 55 bush density in mm. Also, the bush high density in mm causes the bush growth and its mass reduction. When there is the density grain, the flower number will increase due to bush grain in surface unit. Overall, we can conclude that 10 June planting and 45 bush density in mm is the most suitable items and results in favored production with high essence for these crops.

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Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran ◽

10.26891/jik.v9i2.2015.71-77 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽

Fauzia Andrini ◽

Yulis Hamidy

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Fungicidal Activity ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

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