scholarly journals Observational case studies of the effect of phage laden Ganga water on psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-190
Author(s):  
Bharat Jhunjhunwala ◽  
Ranjana Waghralkar
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Ganga River ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Ganga Water ◽  
Robust Protocol ◽  
Multiple Causes

Water of Ganga river is reported to have more than 200 isolates of phages. This study has used the naturally available cocktail of phages in the Ganga water as a treatment for chronic Psoriasis. In the conventional Phage Therapy (PT) phages that are active against specific bacteria are first identified; then isolated, multiplied and administered to the patient. We have made a novel innovation of administering the naturally available cocktail of phages in the water of the Ganga river without first identifying the target bacteria and isolating specific phages that may be active against them. In doing so, we enable the large numbers of phages to self-identify the bacteria that are present and act against them. This approach shortcuts the tortuous process of conventional PT. Further, the phages act against a number of bacteria simultaneously and provide good results in psoriasis which has multiple causes.Patients who took Ganga water for only 2 weeks showed benefit but the benefit did not sustain after stoppage of the treatment and the disease relapsed to the pre-treatment levels. The same patients showed sustained benefit after they took Ganga water for four weeks. Conclusion is that Ganga water can be used for therapeutic purposes as long as the treatment is continued for at least four weeks. The study underscores the need to establish more robust protocol for treatment of dermatological and possibly other diseases with the cocktail of phages available in the waters of the Ganga river.

scholarly journals Observational case studies of treatment of skin disorders with natural phages in Ganga water

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (e) ◽  
pp. e77-e77
Author(s):  
Bharat Jhunjhunwala ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Bhatnagar ◽  
Ashutosh Shukla ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Amit Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
Ganga River ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
National Environmental ◽  
Engineering Institute ◽  
Ganga Water ◽  
Multiple Causes

Background: Skin conditions have multiple causes. Natural phages in the Ganga River have bactericidal qualities against a number of bacterial infections, which help resolve skin conditions. Materials and Methods: We collected water from upper reaches of the Ganga River where the number of isolates of phages was more than 200 according to a study of the National Environmental Engineering Institute, Nagpur. The water was collected in May 2020 before the onset of monsoons and stored with sediments so that the phages adsorbed in the sediments cleaned up the overlaying column of water of all coliforms. We supplied the water by post to a number of volunteers who took the water through oral, topical or nasal route as per their convenience. Thirty-nine of the 52 volunteers provided data by telephone on their skin conditions on which this study is based. Results: The results show that an improvement of 1.7 on Likert Scale of 1-10 is obtained on skin conditions as per assessment of the volunteers after a treatment of 100 days. Further improvement of 1.0 on Likert Scale was reported after 85 days of stoppage of treatment. Conclusions: Natural phages of Ganga river could provide an inexpensive treatment not only for skin conditions but other comorbidities as well because skin conditions have multiple causes and phages of Ganga water may work at multiple levels.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Whitefly Control of Salvia, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-357
Author(s):  
D. R. Smitley ◽  
T. W. Davis ◽  
M. M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Clay Pots

Abstract Salvia plants were started from seeds in 25" X 14" tubs at the Pesticide Research Center greenhouses at Michigan State University on 7 May. These 3 tubs were surrounded by fully grown zinnia plants that had large numbers of white-fly. The larger Zinnia plants had previously been placed in a research greenhouse with a long history of whitefly problems. After the Salvia from the tubs grew to approximately 1 to 2 inches, they were replanted into individual 6" clay pots. The plants were irrigated with 120 mL of water daily, with a drip irrigation system. Plants were also fertilized with Peters 20-20-20 at 1000 ppm biweekly. Pre-treatment counts were made on 19 Jun by taking five leaves per plant and counting the number of eggs and larvae on the bottom of the leaves using a dissecting scope. Treatments were blocked by using an adjusted precount. The adjusted precounts represented 33% of the eggs added to the total number of larvae. Each treatment was replicated 6 times. Due to the number of treatments, the test was arranged in several blocks, each with an untreated check. Single application granular treatments were all applied on 25 Jun and spray applications were applied on 25 Jun, 2 Jul, and 9 Jul. A hand-held R&D CO2 sprayer with an 8003 nozzle at 50 psi was used. Whitefiles were counted by collecting leaves on 2 Jul, 17 Jul, 22 Jul and examining in the same manner as for the precounts.

scholarly journals STUDIES UPON EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA IN RABBITS

1913 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Kline ◽  
M. C. Winternitz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Repeated Injection ◽  
Experimental Pneumonia ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

1. The importance of the leucocyte in the resistance of animals to experimental pneumonia is emphasized by the fact that animals treated with benzol, a leucotoxic substance, rapidly succumb to the disease, while animals treated in like manner with toluol, a very similar chemical substance causing no leucopenia, show no decreased resistance. 2. The rôle of the leucocyte in the resistance of animals to experimental pneumonia is further emphasized by the fact that animals that respond to the pneumococcus infection with a leucocytosis, as occurs after the repeated injection of toluol, are more resistant to the pneumonia. Further, the hyperleucocytosis produced by repeated injection of nutrose before the production of pneumonia likewise seems to increase the resistance of the animals. 3. Experimental pneumonia is not necessarily fatal in rabbits. The factors determining the outcome of the disease are numerous; among these is the number of bacteria inoculated. Animals receiving small doses usually survive, while those receiving comparatively large numbers usually succumb.

Comparative Case Studies

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. William Zartman
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Deep Knowledge ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Statistical Studies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Comparative Case Studies

AbstractCase studies embody a deep knowledge of the subject and can be used to test or generate theoretical propositions for explaining negotiated outcomes. Their value is increased when they are employed comparatively, using a number of instances of negotiation – flawed or successful – in the same conflict or problem or a number of negotiations of different conflicts. While it might appear that statistical studies of large numbers of cases would be even more advantageous, these studies tend to lose the feel and understanding that comparative cases can command. Thus, comparative case studies lie at the crossroads of reality and theory; they present their evidence through the eyes of a knowledgeable specialist and they test it against the hypothetical constructs of a creative conceptualist. The challenge is as high as the payoffs.

How to not spend $100bn

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach – This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings – The justification of the super wealthy for being, well, super wealthy, is that there is a “trickle down effect” that benefits us mere mortals. This effect supposedly sees the rich and famous spend their hard-earned cash on goods and services supplied by the great unwashed, and invest in companies and projects that require large numbers of people to be gainfully employed. If it was not for such benevolence, presumably the authors would see long lines of people snaking round the block from job centres like the darkest days of the 1980s. Practical implications – This paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value – This briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

scholarly journals Property and the State or ‘The Folly of Torrens’: A Comparative Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fitzpatrick ◽  
Caroline Compton ◽  
Joseph Foukona
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The State ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Social Orders

Australian lawyers often extol the virtues of the Torrens system as a means to secure property in land. Yet, the comparative evidence of benefits is mixed and context-dependent, particularly in terms of the nature, provenance and capacity of the state. This article analyses ways in which positivist land laws, including Torrens systems of title by registration, create legal understandings of property that are tied closely to projections or assumptions of state territorial authority. The intertwining of property and sovereignty constructs allodial conceptions of property based on possession or custom as subordinate, if not illegal, simply because they exist in social orders that lie beyond the administrative systems of the state. As a result, there is a chronic fragmentation of legal and social understandings of property in areas of the world with Torrens law and large numbers of informal settlements. The case studies include the Philippines and the Solomon Islands.

scholarly journals Honor's Students as Peer Tutors for Problem-based Learning

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 650b-650
Author(s):  
S. Kitto ◽  
L. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Peer Tutoring ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Peer Tutors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Working Through ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Socioeconomic Issues

The course “Biotechnology: Science and Socioeconomic Issues” has used problem-based learning (PBL) during the last quarter of the course for the past 3 years. One of the challenges of using PBL in medium-sized and larger classes is finding a way to facilitate each group of students with a limited number of qualified facilitators while avoiding unmanageably large numbers of students per group. This past year (95F) the course had both a nonhonor's and an honor's section. The honor's section met an additional hour each week to learn about PBL and peer tutoring skills. Training students to be peer tutors was divided up into four parts: 1) the science behind PBL, 2) experience working through a previously developed case study, 3) development of a case study, and 4) peer tutoring case studies in the non-honor's section. We will discuss the process of training students to be effective peer tutors for PBL.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF ORTHOKERATOLOGY ON MYOPIA, ASTIGMATISM IN DA NANG FARGO ORTHO-K CENTER

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Khoi Hoang Huu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Safe Treatment ◽  
Spherical Equivalent Refraction ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
A Prospective Study

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of orthokeratology (Ortho-K) on myopia, astigmatism and identify complications during applying the treatment. Methods: This is a prospective study accompanied with a series of case studies and outcome evaluation of 118 eyes of 60 patients who were diagnosed for myopia, astigmatism and were indicated wearing overnight Ortho-K lenses during the time from June 2017 to June 2018. Results: 118 eyes were prescribed wearing overnight Ortho-K lenses and their results were reported as follow: Visiual acuity ≥ 8/10 before the treatment was 1.7%, after one day of the treatment it increased to 3.4%, after 1 week it was 34.7%, after 1 month it was 71.2%, after 3 month it was 87.1% and after 6 months it accounted for 94.7%; Mean spherical equivalent refraction pre-treatment was -4.03D ± 1.70D, after 6 months of the treatment it reduced to - 0.38D ± 0.45D; Residual refraction after 6 months of the treatment ≤ 1.00D accounted for 96.5%; After 1 month of the treatment, 09 eyes (7.6%) were diagnosed for mild keratitis and 109 eyes (92.4%) had normal cornea after the treatment. Conclusions: Our results suggest that orthokeratology is a highly effective and safe treatment for correcting visual acuity in myopic and astigmatic patients. Key words: Myopia, astigmatism, orthokeratology

Follicular growth and serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) responses to recombinant bovine FSH in GnRH-immunized anoestrous heifers

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Crowe ◽  
W. J. Enright ◽  
M. P. Boland ◽  
J. F. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Serum Dilution ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Small Cohort ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Treatment Medium

AbstractThe effect of recombinant bovine FSH (rbFSH) administration on serum FSH and follicular growth was determined in 16 GnRH-immunized heifers (primary day 0 and booster day 28 using 0·4 mg human serum albumin (HSA) – Cys-Gly-GnRH in DEAE-dextran). All heifers produced GnRH antibody titres (mean 58·8 (s.e. 2·8)% binding at 1: 640 serum dilution on day 42), follicular growth ceased (follicles ≤ 4 mm) between days 33 and 49, progesterone concentrations were ≤ 0·5 ng/ml in all heifers by day 53, and pulsatile LH secretion was markedly reduced (v. luteal phase control heifers) on day 63. Heifers were blocked by antibody titre and LH concentrations on day 63 and assigned (no. = five or six per treatment) on day 78 to: (1) control (saline given i.m. four times per day for 4 days), (2) 0·5 mg equivalent (USDA bFSH BP 1) of rbFSH (Granada Biosciences, TX) given i.m. four times per day for 6 days (12 mg in total) or 3) 1·5 mg rbFSH given i.m. four times per day for 4 days (24 mg in total). Ovaries of heifers were examined by ultrasound and blood samples were collected at 3- to 6-h intervals from days –1 to 10 and then twice a day until follicles ≥ 5 mm were no longer detectable. The increase in serum FSH concentrations was different (P < 0·05) between treatments (mean peak FSH above pre-treatment baseline concentrations at 102 h after first rbFSH were 1·4 (s.e. 0·8), 14·5 (s.e. 3·3) and 33·6 (s.e. 5·3) ng/ml for treatments 1 to 3, respectively). The rate of decline in FSH from 102 to 302 h was not different between treatments 2 and 3. There was no detectable follicular growth in heifers given saline injections. Following either rbFSH treatment, medium (MF; 5 to 9 mm) and large (LF; ≥ 10 mm) follicles grew. For heifers in treatments 2 and 3, there was no difference in the interval from start of rbFSH until the first appearance of MF (4·2 (s.e. 0·7) v. 3·3 (s.e. 0·3) days) or LF (5·3 (s.e. 0·3) v. 4·8 (s.e. 0·8) days) or in the duration of the presence of MF and/or LF (13·2 (s.e. 4·5) v. 16·6 (s.e. 2·6) days). Increasing dose of rbFSH increased (P < 0·05) the mean maximum number of MF (4·3 (s.e. 1·1) and 9·2 (s.e.0·9) for treatments 2 and 3) and LF (2·0 (s.e. 1·1) and 8·4 (s.e. 1·2)). In summary, low doses of rbFSH induced a small cohort of follicles to grow and develop without selection or development of a single dominant follicle, whereas high doses of rbFSH resulted in large numbers of both MF and LF.

scholarly journals Observations on the distribution ofStaphylococcus aureusin the atmosphere of a surgical ward

1962 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis M. Rountree ◽  
Mary A. Beard
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Surgical Ward ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
High Contamination Rate ◽  
Predominant Strain ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The environment of two contiguous surgical wards was examined over a period of twelve months by means of a slit sampler, settle plates and blanket sweep plates. At the same time, nasal swabs were taken each week from the patients and all cases of sepsis examined bacteriologically.Phage typing of more than 3600 isolations ofStaph. aureusshowed that there was one predominant strain in the air, bedding, patients' noses and infected wounds.There was no relationship between the total number of bacteria in the ward air and the numbers ofStaph. aureus.The recovery of large numbers ofStaph. aureusfrom the air at certain periods was associated with a high contamination rate in the blankets and with an increased incidence of staphylococcal sepsis.Not all nasal carriers ofStaph. aureuscontaminated their bedding. There was evidence that some patients became nasal carriers of strains of staphylococci previously isolated from their bedding.Some evidence was obtained that blankets may play a role in the transmission of staphylococci from patient to patient.This work was supported by a grant from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. Our thanks are due to Mrs Elisabeth Bradshaw for her technical assistance and to Prof. John Loewenthal for his interest and for permission to study his wards.

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