scholarly journals Mucormycosis involving paranasal sinuses in a post-COVID-19 patient with an uncontrolled diabetes-A rare presentation in an ongoing pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Sankalp Yadav ◽  
Novelesh Bachchan ◽  
Gautam Rawal ◽  
Pallawi Rai
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Ethmoid Sinus ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Indian Male

Mucormycosis (MCR) involving paranasal sinuses is a rare life-threatening opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals. In humans, MCR is considered as one of the most rapidly progressive lethal forms of fungal infection with a high mortality rate of 70–100%. During the second wave of COVID-19 in India, the cases of MCR have increased rapidly. We herein report a case of a 70-year-old Indian male with an uncontrolled diabetes diagnosed as maxillary and ethmoid sinus MCR.

scholarly journals Autopsy dissection techniques and investigations in deaths due to COVID-19 triggered fungal infections - A diagnostic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Himanshi Narang ◽  
Amit Patil
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Dissection Techniques ◽  
Second Wave

The COVID-19 pandemic, which originated from Wuhan, China, has rapidly spread worldwide, including India. As India grappled with the second wave, COVID-triggered fungal infection has suddenly risen tremendously, raising a sense of panic in the country. The fungal infection in COVID-19 includes Mucormycosis and Aspergillosis, as common fungal infections primarily affecting rhino-orbital structures. Many research papers have published postmortem findings in autopsies conducted on COVID-19 decedents, thereby helping to understand this contagious disease's pathogenesis. But, with the arrival of COVID-triggered fungal infection, which is a crucial invasive disease responsible for fatality, very few research papers have commented on the postmortem findings of invasive fungal infections affecting the rhino-orbital and craniocerebral structures in COVID-19 deaths. Therefore, the role of invasive fungal infection due to COVID-19 illness must be established in the causation of deaths in COVID-19 patients. This review research deals with autopsy dissection techniques and possible postmortem findings of invasive fungal infections involving the nasal and paranasal sinuses and orbital structures in COVID-19 deaths. The findings of fungal infection affecting nasal and paranasal systems may not differ in live patients and in a deceased; however, it is essential that correct interpretation of the postmortem findings aided by pre-or post-autopsy investigations is necessary to establish the role of covid triggered fungal infection in such deaths.

scholarly journals Black fungus due to covid-19: audiological assessment of middle ear functioning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajwal Kumar ◽  
Swati Goyal ◽  
Prashanth Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Second Wave

Background and Aim: A rare fungal infection, mucormycosis, has become more common in patients recovering from COVID in its second wave in India. The proximity and easy access to the middle ear through the Eustachian tube from paranasal sinuses alarms the need for early detec­tion of middle ear involvement. Hence, the study was carried out to determine the influence of mucormycosis on Immittance and otoacoustic emissions. Methods: eleven rhino orbital mucormycosis patients aged 40-60 years participated in the study. Middle ear evaluation was carried out with the help of Immittance and otoacoustic emissi­ons. Results: It was found that 4/11 (36.36%) parti­cipants had abnormal Immittance and absent oto­acoustic emissions, indicating middle ear dys­function. 3/4 participants had middle ear dys­function in the ear ipsilateral to the side of the infection. Conclusion: The study results reveal a rare cha­nce of middle ear involvement in mucormycosis patients, which calls for the crucial role of the audiologist in the early detection of middle ear dysfunction. Keywords: Mucormycosis; immittance; otoacoustic emissions

scholarly journals Premaxillary and maxillary sinus mucormycosis post COVID: a rare case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1922
Author(s):  
Deependra Shrestha ◽  
Reskey Dev
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Hematological Malignancy ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Life Threatening

<p>Mucormycosis, previously termed as zygomycosis, is an opportunistic infection and is caused by fungi belonging to the order Mucorales. It is found in patients with predisposing conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis, chronic kidney disease malignancy long-term steroid use and immunosuppressant drugs. Mucormycosis involving paranasal sinuses is a rare life-threatening opportunistic infection in a covid positive patient. The unprescribed use of corticosteroid in covid positive patient, the lymphopenia in severe covid 19 cases, preexisting diseases like uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, hematological malignancy, stem cell transplant causing weak immune system are the factors which are responsible for mucor infection in covid positive patients. We herein report the case of maxillary and premaxillary mucormycosis infection in the uncontrolled diabetic patient with post covid status in recovering phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome.</p>

scholarly journals Mucormycosis: A challenge with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammod Kamrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Affected Patient ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Disseminated Mucormycosis ◽  
Mucor Species

Mucormycosis is an aggressive opportunistic fungal infection caused by fungi of the Phycomycetes class including Rhizopus species and Mucor species. The pathogen can be present in the environment, on the skin, and in the orifices of the body. There are several types including Rhinocerebral, Pulmonary, Gastrointestinal, Cutaneous, and Disseminated Mucormycosis.1 The spores infect the paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx, extending to the orbit and brain cavity in persons who have reduced cellular and humoral defenses. During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, a surge in the cases of rhino-orbital mucormycosis has become a life-threatening combination. Early diagnosis and intervention in the only way to save the vision and life of the affected patient.

scholarly journals The double trouble: COVID-19 associated mucormycosis a focused review and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Agnihotri ◽  
Monika Vij ◽  
Okezie I. Aruoma ◽  
Vipul D Yagnik ◽  
Theeshan Bahorun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Corticosteroid Administration ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
The Many

Mucormycosis, a deadly fungal infection, has affected thousands of COVID-19 patients in India. Mucormycosis, formerly known as zygomycosis, is caused by the many fungi that belong to the family “Mucorales.” These molds are commonly found in soil, air, and damp walls and frequently colonize oral mucosa, nose, paranasal sinuses, and throat. The pathophysiological consequences of diabetes combined with the acute inflammatory surge in COVID-19 and steroid treatment weakens person’s immunity and renders susceptibility to fungal infections. Patients treated for severe COVID-19 have damaged lungs and suppressed immune system, an environment that supports fungal infection. Fungal spores can grow in airways or sinuses, and invade bodies’ tissues, explaining why the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are the most common site of mucormycosis infection, the consequential spread to the eyes can cause blindness, or causing headaches or seizures if the infection spreads to the brain. Poorly controlled diabetes often results in acidosis in tissues a suitable environment for Mucorales fungi to grow, exacerbating the risk for mucormycosis. This becomes clinically important, especially in India that has an increased prevalence of undiagnosed and uncontrolled diabetes. Given that a significant increase in the cases of mucormycosis in the diabetic patients treated for COVID-19 is strongly associated with corticosteroid administration, there is a need to evaluate use of dietary nutraceuticals with immune boosting potentials that modulate metabolic abnormalities in the management of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis.

Intrathoracic transposition of the omentum

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Bronchial Fistula ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Lung Infections ◽  
Complex Cases

Complex chest and lung infections with bronchial fistula are life-threatening situations with a mortality rate of up to 20%. If medical treatment fails, these patients require aggressive procedures to heal. Transposition of the omentum is a valuable, nonstandard option in these complex cases with aggressive infection involving the pleural space, with or without a bronchial fistula, when medical treatment is unsuccessful. We present a 29-year-old female patient diagnosed with primary immunodeficiency and invasive fungal infection with involvement of the left upper lobe and mediastinal and vertebral bodies treated with a lobectomy and intrathoracic transposition of the omentum.

​Acute airway compromise and coagulopathy: a rare presentation of acquired haemophilia A

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e233345
Author(s):  
William Byron Howden ◽  
Jonathan Kam ◽  
Nicholas Leith ◽  
Shashinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Airway Compromise ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Airway Control ◽  
Acquired Haemophilia ◽  
Life Threatening

Acquired haemophilia A is a rare but important diagnosis, carrying a mortality rate of 22%. Life-threatening sequalae of this diagnosis includes airway compromise, which can rapidly lead to demise of the patient if left untreated. Our case examines an 80-year-old man presenting with a supraglottic haematoma resulting from acquired haemophilia A causing airway compromise and necessitating definitive airway control. A review of current understanding and management of the disease is also ddiscussed.

MR IMAGING OF RHINO-ORBITAL-CEREBRAL MUCORMYCOSIS IN POST COVID PATIENT: CASE SERIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Anupriya Mishra ◽  
Ravi Shankar Choubey
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
Orbital Cavity ◽  
Life Threatening

Rhino-orbital-cerebral Mucormycosis also known as orbital zygomycosis. It is a life-threatening deadly complication in post covid patient presenting as pathological involvement of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses with extension into orbital cavity and intracranial compartment as a result of fungal infection caused by fungi in the order Mucorales, mainly Rhizopus oryzae. MATERIAL AND METHOD We present a case series of 5 patient who were biopsy/culture proven invasive rhino cerebral Mucormycosis in post covid-19 patient who were reviewed on MR imaging. MR imaging were recovered from PACS in PMCH Patna and the data was analyzed. RESULT Involvement of para nasal sinuses with adjacent fat standing was present in 100%, orbital involvement was seen in 80%, intracerebral involvement was seen in 60%, mastoiditis was present in 40% of the patient selected in our case series. CONCLUSION MR imaging is helpful in early diagnosis when there is involvement of nasal, paranasal sinus and varying degree of orbital and cranial extension and associated with varying complication

THE SPREAD OF ‘‘BLACK FUNGUS’’ IN INDIA-AN EPIDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
Atiya imteyaz
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Major Trauma ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Severe Neutropenia ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Pulmonary Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Overall Mortality

Mucormycosis is a life-threatening infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. Recent reclassication has abolished the order Zygomycetes and placed the order Mucorales in the subphylum Mucormycotina . Therefore, we refer to infection caused by Mucorales as mucormycosis, rather than zygomycosis. This disease is increasingly recognized in recently developed countries, such as India, mainly in patients with uncontrolled diabetes or trauma and also seen in the patients who just recovered from the COVID-19. The most important conditions predisposing to mucormycosis, according to various studies, include malignant hematological disease with or without stem cell transplantation, prolonged and severe neutropenia, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus with or without diabetic ketoacidosis, iron overload, major trauma, prolonged use of corticosteroids, illicit intravenous drug use, neonatal prematurity and malnourishment. The most common reported sites of invasive mucormycosis have been the sinuses (39%), lungs (24%), and skin (19%) . Dissemination developed in 23% of these cases. The overall mortality rate for the disease is 44% in diabetics, 35% in patients with no underlying conditions, and 66% in patients with malignancies. The mortality rate varied with the site of infection and host: 96% of patients with disseminated infections, 85% with gastrointestinal infections, and 76% with pulmonary infections died. In children, mucormycosis manifested as cutaneous, gastrointestinal, rhinocerebral, and pulmonary infections in 27%, 21%, 18%, and 16% of cases, respectively, in one study . The skin and gut are affected more frequently in children than in adults.

Brain-eating Amoebae Infection: Challenges and Opportunities in Chemotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 980-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ridwane Mungroo ◽  
Ayaz Anwar ◽  
Naveed Ahmed Khan ◽  
Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Free Living Amoeba ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Living Nature ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis

Pathogenic free-living amoeba are known to cause a devastating infection of the central nervous system and are often referred to as “brain-eating amoebae”. The mortality rate of more than 90% and free-living nature of these amoebae is a cause for concern. It is distressing that the mortality rate has remained the same over the past few decades, highlighting the lack of interest by the pharmaceutical industry. With the threat of global warming and increased outdoor activities of public, there is a need for renewed interest in identifying potential anti-amoebic compounds for successful prognosis. Here, we discuss the available chemotherapeutic options and opportunities for potential strategies in the treatment and diagnosis of these life-threatening infections.

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