scholarly journals Fungal strains for mycological production of citric acid

Author(s):  
Subedar Yadav

Citric acid has become an important raw material for general industrial use with many varied and expanding applications such as iron, steel, treatment and conditioning of industrial water supplies, preparation of alkyl resins, paints and in the printing of calico and textile industries. Mycological Production of citric acid includes preparation and sterilization of different media, culture medium, and seedling of culture tube, incubation of culture tubes, determination of citric acid formed and molasses left unfermented during the course of present investigation. The Present work deals mainly selection of potent strains of fungus.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Agus Sudibyo ◽  
Sardjono Sardjono

Crude palm oil (CPO)is the richest natural plant source of carotenoids in terms of retinol (pro-vitamin A) equivalent, whereas palm oil mill effluent (POME) is generated from palm oil industry that contains oil and carotenes that used to be treated before discharge. Carotenoids are importance in animals and humans for the purpose of the enhancement of immune response, conversion of vitamin A and scavenging of oxygen radicals. This component has different nutritional  functions and benefits to humaan health. The growing interest in the other natural sources of beta-carotene and growing awareness to prevent pollution has stimulated the industrial use of CPO and POME as a raw material for carotenoids extraction. Various technologies of extraction and separation have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids.This article reports on various technologies that have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids from being destroyed in commercial refining of palm oil and effects of some various treatments on the extraction end separation for carotenoid from palm oil and carotenoids concentration. Principally, there are different technologies, and there is one some future which is the use of solvent. Solvent plays important role  in the most technologiest, however the problem of solvents which are used is that they posses potentiaal fire health and environmental hazards. Hence selection of the  most safe, environmentally friendly and cost effective solvent is important to design of alternative extraction methods.Chemical molecular product design is one of the methods that are becoming more popular nowadays for finding solvent with the desired properties prior to experimental testing.ABSTRAKMinyak sawit kasar merupakan sumber karotenoid terkaya yang berasal dari tanaman sawit sebagai senyawa yang sama dengan retinol atau pro-vitamin A; sedangkan limbah pengolahan minyak sawit dihasilkan dari industri pengolahan minyak sawit yang berisi minyak dan karotene yang perlu diberi perlakuan terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang. Karotenoid merupakan bahan penting yang diperlukan pada hewan dan manusia guna memperkuat tanggapan terhadap kekebalan, konversi ke vitamin A dan penangkapan gugus oksigen radikal. Dengan berkembangnya ketertarikan dalam mencari beta-karotene yang bersumber dari alam lain dan meningkatnya kesadaran untuk mencegah adanya pencemaran lingkungan, maka mendorong suatu industri untuk menggunakan CPO dan POME sebagai bahan baku untuk diekstrak karotenoidnya. Berbagai macam teknologi guna mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid telah dikembangkan untuk mendapatkan kembali karotenoidnya. Makalah ini melaporkan dan membahas berbagai jenis teknologi yang telah dikembangkan guna mendapatkan kembali senyawa karotenoid dari kerusakan di dalam proses pemurnian minyak sawit secara komersial dan pengaruh beberapa perlakuan terhadap ekstrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid dari minyak sawit dan konsentrasi karotenoidnya. Pada prinsipnya, berbagai teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid terdapat perbedaan, dan terdapat salah satu teknologi yang digunakan untuk esktrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid adalah menggunakan bahan pelarut. Pelarut yang digunakan mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam teknologi ekstrasi; namun pelarut yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak tersebut mempunyai persoalan karena berpotensi mengganggu kesehatan dan membahayakan cemaran lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, pemilihan jenis teknologi yang aman, ramah terhadap lingkungan dan biaya yang efektif untuk penggunaan pelarut merupakan hal penting sebelum dilakukan desain metode/teknologi alternatif untuk esktrasi karotenoid. Pola produk molekuler kimia merupakan salah satu metode yang saat ini menjadi lebih populer untuk mencari pelarut dengan sifat-sifat yang dikehendaki sebelum diujicobakan. Kata kunci :    karotenoid, ekstrasi, pemisahan, teknologi, minyak sawit kasar, limbah industri pengolahan sawit.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gumieniczek ◽  
Hanna Trębacz ◽  
Łukasz Komsta ◽  
Agnieszka Atras ◽  
Beata Jopa ◽  
...  

AbstractIt is well known that drugs can directly react with excipients. In addition, excipients can be a source of impurities that either directly react with drugs or catalyze their degradation. Thus, binary mixtures of three diuretics, torasemide, furosemide and amiloride with different excipients,i.e. citric acid anhydrous, povidone K25 (PVP), magnesium stearate (Mg stearate), lactose, D-mannitol, glycine, calcium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous (CaHPO4) and starch, were examined to detect interactions. High temperature and humidity or UV/VIS irradiation were applied as stressing conditions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FT-IR and NIR were used to adequately collect information. In addition, chemometric assessments of NIR signals with principal component analysis (PCA) and ANOVA were applied.Between the excipients examined, lactose and starch did not show any interactions while citric acid, PVP, Mg stearate and glycine were peculiarly operative. Some of these interactions were shown without any stress, while others were caused or accelerated by high temperature and humidity, and less by UV/VIS light. Based on these results, potential mechanisms for the observed interactions were proposed Finally, we conclude that selection of appropriate excipients for torasemide, furosemide and amiloride is an important question to minimize their degradation processes, especially when new types of formulations are being manufactured.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
M Fakhruddin Alfaris M Fakhruddin Alfaris ◽  
M Qurtubi

Companies must choose suppliers properly, because the selection of the right supplier can reduce raw material costs and increase the competitiveness of the company, while improper supplier selection can cause financial and operating problems. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal supplier and order quantity of raw materials. As for the object of the research is a multipurpose technology machinery company. Data collection methods used in this study were observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Supplier data is processed using the AHP method to determine the right supplier, while the linear programming method is used to determine the order quantity of the raw material. Based on the calculation, the DS supplier gets a weight of 0.65 and the LG supplier gets a weight of 0.35. The optimal order quantity from each supplier is 7.5 tons for DS and 7.5 tons suppliers for LG suppliers. From the results of the optimization, the cost reduction figure is Rp. 3,750,000 or 3% of the total cost of purchase.


2011 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Rong Mo ◽  
Hai Cheng Yang ◽  
Xiao Jun Wang ◽  
Xiao Rui Lu

This article determines the main factors influencing the quality of ERTi-7 titanium wire through building AHP-PQ model: processing technology. under the circumstance of instable quality of ERTi-7 titanium wire in international market. Through the selection of raw material, feeding material evenly during melting, control of melting times and the determination of surface machining process, the inhomogeneity of chemical compositions of ERTi-7 and the corresponding removal method are studied. The results show that it is easier to obtain ingot with good surface and fine structure using triple melting without increasing the content of Pd element, and then going through non-oxidation roller-die drawing process, we will obtain qualified titanium wire with good surface and also conforming to the request of AWS A5.16/A5.16M:2007.


2021 ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Vicky Setia Gunawan ◽  
Yuhandri Yunus

Generally, every company must have an assessment of the supplier of materials in order to maintain the quality of their production. When a supplier gets a good rating, the company usually gives awards such as incentives to the supplier in the hope of increasing motivation, professionalism and good relations with the company. The determination of incentives is currently only based on analysis of existing data records manually, which may lead to errors. From previous observations, a decision support system was created in the optimization of incentives. This study aims to optimize the results of decisions in providing incentives to suppliers. The method used is Technique for Others Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). This method can determine which suppliers are entitled to incentives. The data that is processed in this research comes from PT. Prima Beton Cakrawala. Price, Quality, Delivery, Service and Offer are the assessment criteria for determining incentive recipients. The results of the TOPSIS calculation process can find a more accurate alternative choice decision, because the alternative assessment is in accordance with the specified criteria. Based on the value of the criteria weight for the selection of incentive recipients for each alternative. The results of this study recommend A3 suppliers with a preference value of 0.646 as raw material suppliers who are entitled to receive incentives. Comparisons made between manual calculations and the system built get almost the same results. So that the level of accuracy is 95% accurate enough, so that it can produce factual decision data in order to assist companies in determining incentive recipients so as to increase the motivation of suppliers in providing services. So that it is expected that the leadership can use it as a reference for optimizing decisions on providing incentives.


2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
O. N. Karatun ◽  
◽  
A. Yu. Morozov ◽  
T. N. Fedulaeva ◽  
E. O. Yakusheva ◽  
...  

The content of hydrogen sulfide in the gas condensate of the Astrakhan gas condensate field, which is the raw material of the Astrakhan gas processing plant (Astrakhan GPP), is about 26% by volume. The high content of sulfur compounds in the reservoir mixture leads to an increased content in the fraction of >350°C, which is obtained during the primary fractionation of stable condensate. The selection of an effective reagent for the absorption of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans from fuel oil is a very urgent task that is important for the company’s economy. The results of laboratory tests of reagents-neutralizers are the first stage of admission to industrial use at the Astrakhan GPP. This article is devoted to the search for analogs of reagents-neutralizers for reducing hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans in the fuel oil of the Astrakhan GPP.


Author(s):  
T. S. S. Almeida ◽  
A. dos S. Araújo ◽  
G. S. Alves ◽  
A. E. F. Marque ◽  
T. N. Albuquerque

<p><strong>Resumo: </strong><em>Licânia rigida </em>Benth, popularmente oiticica, é uma vegetação típica no sertão nordestino. Destaca-se pelo alto teor de óleos em seus frutos e boa produtividade mesmo em épocas de seca, sendo capaz de promover desenvolvimento social e econômico para a região, pela utilização industrial de tintas, vernizes, sabão, lonas e esmaltes finos. Portanto, objetiva-se no presente estudo determinar a biometria, parâmetros físicos e rendimento lipídico do fruto da oiticica. Os frutos foram colhidos, selecionados, sanitizados. Em seguida, utilizou-se um paquímetro para a realização da biometria dos frutos e então sofreram separação em exocarpo-mesocarpo, endocarpo e amêndoas. As amostras foram trituradas e armazenadas ate procedidas as análises. Para a determinação do pH e condutividade, utilizou-se cerca de 5g de cada amostra, acrescidos de 50mL de água destilada e homogeneização, por conseguintemente foi utilizado o peagâmetro digital e condutivímetro, respectivamente. Para a acidez total titulável (ATT), utilizou-se as amostras anteriores e titulou-se com NaOH 0,1N, usando fenolftaleína como indicador, até as amostras alcançarem pH de 8,1. Procedeu-se a determinação do teor lipídico pelo método de Sohlext, com 2 a 5 g das amostras e hexano como solvente. Os frutos apresentaram peso médio de 9g. A variação do pH para as diferentes amostra foi irrelevante, enquanto o exocarpo-mesocarpo apresentou maior condutividade, com 308,6 mScm<sup>-1</sup>, e o endocarpo foi evidenciado por apresentar maior ATT, com 16,8%. Obteve-se na amêndoa maior percentual lipídico, com rendimento médio de 43,0%. Diante da importância e alta rentabilidade lipídica do fruto, faz-se necessário desenvolvimento de metodologias para utilização dessa matéria-prima.</p><pre><strong><em>Biometrics, physical characteristics and yield fruit of lipid Licania rigid Benth purchased in the municipality of Pombal-PB</em></strong></pre><pre><strong>Abstract: </strong>Licania rigid Benth, popularly oiticica, is typical vegetation in the northeastern hinterland. It contains high oil content in its fruits and good productivity even in times of drought; promote social and economic development for the region, the industrial use of paints, varnishes, soap, tarpaulins and thin glazes. Therefore, this study aims determine biometrics, physical parameters and lipid yield the fruit of the myrtle. The fruits were harvested, sorted, sanitized. Then, a caliper was used to carry out the biometrics fruit and then underwent separation exocarp-mesocarp and endocarp almonds. The samples were ground and stored until analysis proceeded. For the determination of pH and conductivity was used about 5g of each sample plus 50ml of distilled water and homogenizing for then digital pH meter was used and conductivity, respectively. For titratable acidity (TA) was used earlier samples, and titrated with 0.1N NaOH, using phenolphthalein as an indicator until the samples reach a pH of 8.1. The procedure was the determination of the lipid content by Sohlext method, of 2 to 5 g of sample and hexane as solvent. The fruits showed an average weight of 9g. The pH changes for the various samples were irrelevant, while the exocarp-mesocarp showed higher conductivity, with 308.6 MSCM-1, and the endocarp was evidenced by higher ATT present with 16.8%. It was obtained in the almond lipid largest percentage, with average yield of 43.0%. Given the importance and high lipid profitability of the fruit, it is necessary to develop methodologies for use of this raw material.</pre>


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