Study on bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility in diabetic foot infection in a teaching hospital, Telangana

Diabetic foot is one of the most significant complications of diabetes, Chronic infections are caused by Enterococci, various Enterobacteriaceae obligate anaerobes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To study bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility in diabetic foot infection. Cross sectional study was done in 110 diabetic foot infection cases in the Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagunuru, Karimnagar, Telangana. The grading of diabetic foot ulcers was done according to Wagner’s Classification system. The samples were collected from the exudates and ulcers. Gram stain was done and standard protocol for culture and sensitivity was followed for all the cases.A total of 110 cases were studied. The patient age ranged from 35 to 75 years and the male to female ratio was 2:1. Out of 110 isolates, 72.7% isolates were Gram negative bacilli with P. aeruginosa 31.8% being the predominant followed by E.coli 27.2%, K.pneumoniae 10%, P.mirabilis 4.5%, S.aureus 12.7% was the predominant isolate followed by Enterococci spp 4.5% and Coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) 4.5% and S. pyogenes were 5.4%. Both Gram positive cocci and Gram negative bacilli can cause diabetic foot infections and this study showed a preponderance of Gram negative bacilli. Early culture and sensitivity test of the bacterial isolates helps in guiding the treatment plan

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Study on Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility in Diabetic Foot Infection in a Teaching Hospital, Telangana

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2021/291 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (20) ◽

pp. 1538-1543

Author(s):

Ritu Vaish

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Foot ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Diabetic Foot Infection ◽

Bacteriological Profile ◽

Culture And Sensitivity

BACKGROUND Diabetic foot is one of the most significant complications of diabetes. Chronic infections are caused by Enterococci, various Enterobacteriaceae obligate anaerobes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We wanted to study bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility in diabetic foot infection. METHODS A cross sectional study was done in 110 diabetic foot infection cases in the Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagunuru, Karimnagar, Telangana. The grading of diabetic foot ulcers was done according to Wagner’s Classification system. The samples were collected from the exudates and ulcers. Gram staining was done and standard protocol for culture and sensitivity was followed for all the cases. RESULTS A total of 110 cases were studied. The patient age ranged from 35 to 75 years and the male to female ratio was 2:1. Out of 110 isolates, 72.7 % isolates were Gram negative bacilli with P. aeruginosa 31.8 % being the predominant followed by E. coli 27.2 %, K. pneumoniae 10 %, P. mirabilis 4.5 %, S. aureus 12.7 % was the predominant isolate followed by Enterococci spp 4.5 % and Coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) 4.5 % and S. pyogenes were 5.4 %. CONCLUSIONS Both Gram positive cocci and Gram negative bacilli can cause diabetic foot infections and this study showed a preponderance of Gram negative bacilli. Early culture and sensitivity test of the bacterial isolates helps in guiding the treatment plan. KEYWORDS Bacteriological Profile, Diabetic Foot Infection

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Bacteriological Profile, Antibiotic Susceptibility and Factors Associated with Neonatal Septicaemia at Kilembe Mines Hospital, Kasese District Western Uganda

10.21203/rs.3.rs-403447/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zamarano Henry ◽

Benson Musinguzi ◽

Immaculate Kabajulizi ◽

Godfrey Manirakiza ◽

Walker Guti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Neonatal Septicaemia ◽

Bacteriological Profile

Abstract Introduction: Neonatal septicaemia is one of the most common leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. It is estimated to affect more than 30 million people worldwide annually, potentially leading to 6 million deaths. Objective(s): To determine the prevalence, bacteriological profile, antibiotic susceptibility and factors associated with neonatal septicaemia among neonates seeking medical services at Kilembe mines hospital.Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study where blood was drawn from 122 neonates that were seeking medical attention at Kilembe Mines Hospital during the period of July to November 2020. Specimens were inoculated in BHI broth, transported to Fortportal Regional Referral Hospital, plated daily up to 7 days on blood, chocolate, MacConkey agar and incubated in aerobic and 5% carbondioxide. Pure colonies were identified by gram stain, biochemical tests and antibiotic sensitivities obtained by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Statistical significance set at P< 0.05 and logistic regression was used to determine predictors of neonatal septicaemia. Stata (version 14) used for statistical analysis.Results: Blood cultures were positive in 59.0% cases with 55.5% male and 44.4% female. EOS was present in 56.9% and LOS 43.1% of the cases. Gram negative (56.9%) organisms were most implicated with neonatal septicaemia than gram positives ones (43.1%). Gram positive organisms exhibited better susceptibility to amikacin, linezolid and vancomycin but more resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin. Of the aminoglycosides, amikacin exhibited a verge over netilmicin and gentamicin against gram negative isolates. Risk factors of neonatal septicaemia were mother’s age of ≥25 years, employed mothers, tertiary-level of education, SVD, ANC attendance of ≥4 times, UTI during pregnancy, PROMS, foul Smelling liquor, urban residence, neonatal birth weight of ≥2500g, Apgar score 1st and 5th min ≥6 and resuscitation.Conclusion: Multi-drug resistant organisms were isolated. Therefore caution is required in selection of antibiotic therapy and avoid empirical treatment.

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Bacteriological profile, antibiotic susceptibility and factors associated with neonatal Septicaemia at Kilembe mines hospital, Kasese District Western Uganda

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-021-02367-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Henry Zamarano ◽

Benson Musinguzi ◽

Immaculate Kabajulizi ◽

Godfrey Manirakiza ◽

Walker Guti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Neonatal Septicaemia ◽

Bacteriological Profile

Abstract Introduction Neonatal septicaemia is one of the most common leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. It is estimated to affect more than 30 million people worldwide annually, potentially leading to 6 million deaths. Objective(s) To determine the prevalence, bacteriological profile, antibiotic susceptibility and factors associated with neonatal septicaemia among neonates suspected to sepsis at Kilembe mines hospital. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study, where purposive sampling technique was used and blood was drawn from 122 neonates suspected to sepsis attending Kilembe Mines Hospital during the period (July to November 2020). Specimens were inoculated in Brain heart infusion broth, transported to Fortportal Regional Referral Hospital, plated daily up to 7 days on blood, chocolate, MacConkey agar and incubated in aerobic and 5% carbondioxide. Pure colonies were identified by Gram stain, biochemical tests and antibiotic sensitivities obtained by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Associations were tested using Chi square with Fisher’s exact or Yates correction tests where necessary and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Stata (version 14) used for statistical analysis. Results Blood cultures were positive in 59.0% cases with 55.5% male and 44.4% female. EOS was present in 56.9% and LOS 43.1% of the cases. Gram negative (56.9%) organisms were most implicated with neonatal septicaemia than Gram positives ones (43.1%). Gram positive organisms exhibited better susceptibility to amikacin, linezolid and vancomycin but more resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin. Of the aminoglycosides, amikacin exhibited a verge over netilmicin and gentamicin against Gram negative isolates. Risk factors of neonatal septicaemia were mother’s age of ≥25 years, employed mothers, tertiary-level of education, SVD, ANC attendance of ≥4 times, UTI during pregnancy, PROMS, foul Smelling liquor, urban residence, neonatal birth weight of ≥2500 g, Apgar score 1st and 5th min ≥6 and resuscitation. Conclusion Multi-drug resistant organisms were isolated. Therefore caution is required in selection of antibiotic therapy and avoid empirical treatment.

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Microbiota and Its Antibiotic Susceptibility in Diabetic Foot Infections: Observations From Polish Nonmetropolitan Hospital, 2015-2016

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds ◽

10.1177/1534734620953686 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 153473462095368

Author(s):

Irmina Maria Michalek ◽

Kryspin Mitura ◽

Agnieszka Krechowska ◽

Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Foot ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Diabetic Foot Infection ◽

Facultatively Anaerobic ◽

Diabetic Foot Infections ◽

Empiric Antibiotic ◽

Surgery Department

In current clinical practice, in case of symptoms-based suspicion of diabetic foot infection, immediate empiric antibiotic therapy is recommended. Prevailing guidelines do not provide region-specific therapy schemes. To validate existing recommendations, there is an urgent need for a report on diabetic foot infection microbiota patterns in Central Europe. This study aimed to describe diabetic foot infections microbiota and its antibiotic susceptibility in Poland. We conducted a single-center descriptive study at the General Surgery Department, Siedlce Hospital, Poland. Data for all patients diagnosed with diabetic foot infection between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016, and corresponding antimicrobial susceptibility tests were extracted. A total of 54 patients were included in the study, with a total of 102 microbiological samples. Among 81 positive samples, 77.1% of the isolated bacteria were Gram-negative. A total of 93.4% of the isolates were facultatively anaerobic bacteria. No obligatory anaerobic bacteria and no yeasts were isolated. Facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria, mainly Proteus spp and Escherichia coli, were the most common organisms cultured in diabetic foot infections. This study suggests that the currently implemented treatment recommendations might not be adequate in Poland.

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Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Diabetic Foot Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lampung, Indonesia

Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.21315/mjms2021.28.5.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 42-53

Author(s):

Iswandi Darwis ◽

◽

Hidayat Hidayat ◽

Gusti Ngurah P Pradnya Wisnu ◽

Sekar Mentari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Foot ◽

Medical Records ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

High Susceptibility ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Diabetic Foot Infection ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Wound Culture

Background: Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and identification of the causative bacteria is an essential step in selecting the appropriate antibiotic therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the bacterial pattern and antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria causing DFI in Lampung Province in Indonesia. Methods: This study is a retrospective study reviewing the medical records of DFI patients admitted to the Dr Hi Abdul Moeloek Regional General Hospital in 2017–2019. DFI patients with complete medical record data were included in this study. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, wound culture and antibiotic susceptibility data were collected from the medical records using a short structural chart. The data obtained then reviewed. Results: In this study, 131 DFI patients met the study criteria and were included. Based on the wound culture results, Gram-negative bacteria were obtained in 112 (85.5%) subjects with Enterobacter spp. as the predominant bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria were found in 19 (14.5%) subjects with Staphylococcus spp. as the predominant bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria found in this study showed high susceptibility to amikacin, meropenem and sulbactam/cefoperazone. Meanwhile, the Gram-positive bacteria showed high susceptibility to meropenem, sulbactam/ cefoperazone and amikacin. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed Enterobacter spp. as the most predominant bacteria causing DFI in the studied population. The highest antibiotic susceptibility was seen for amikacin, meropenem and sulbactam/cefoperazone.

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Spectral and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogens Isolated from Saudi Patients with Diabetic Foot Infections

Microbiology Research ◽

10.3390/microbiolres12010002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 16-20

Author(s):

Samiah Hamad S Al-Mijalli

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Empirical Therapy ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Foot Ulcers ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diabetic Foot Infections ◽

Microbiological Methods

Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are a significant health issue and a common complication among patients with diabetes. To develop antibiotic therapy for these high-risk patients, the current study evaluates the scope of DFIs and identifies the causing microbes. It also measures spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility of the pathogens isolated from adults with DFIs in Saudi Arabia. To achieve the study objectives, a cross-sectional study was implemented and the baseline characteristics for 44 patients with DFIs were defined. Optimal aerobic and anaerobic microbiological techniques were utilized to culture specimens isolated from infected foot ulcers. The standard microbiological methods were employed to identify the bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted following the procedures of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results showed that 12 microorganisms were isolated from the participants’ diabetic foot ulcers. Staphylococcus Aureus was ranked first because it appeared in 29 (65.9%) cases. Streptococcus Agalactiae was ranked second and multi-microbial infections were also found. Most of the organisms were susceptible to Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, and Cefalexin, but they were resistant to Methicillin, Gentamicin, and Ampicillin antibiotics. Staphylococcus Aureus was most sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, while it was resistant to Methicillin. About 10% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant. The study concludes that while Vancomycin should be used empirically for Gram-positive isolates, Ciprofloxacin can be taken into consideration for most of the Gram-negatives aerobes. Based on including various microorganisms and the advent of multidrug-resistant strains, proper culture and sensitivity testing are necessary prior to the empirical therapy.

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Bacterial Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and the Risk of Lower Limb Amputation in Younger and Older Individuals With Diabetic Foot Infection

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds ◽

10.1177/1534734621992290 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 153473462199229

Author(s):

Stefan Dörr ◽

Ann-Kathrin Holland-Letz ◽

Gregor Weisser ◽

Apostolos Chatzitomaris ◽

Ralf Lobmann

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Diversity ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Care Center ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Limb Amputation ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Foot Care ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Diabetic Foot Infection

Introduction A diabetic foot infection (DFI) contributes to high mortality and morbidity in diabetics due to its often rapid progressive and intricately treatable infection. DFIs are usually a polymicrobial infection and characterizing the entire bacterial load is still challenging. Prompt and effective treatment of DFI is nevertheless mandatory to safe limbs and lives. It is therefore crucial to know the local pathogen spectrum and its antibiotic susceptibility. Methods and Material For a 12-month period, we investigated 353 individuals with infected diabetic foot ulcer, their bacterial diversity, and antimicrobial susceptibility at fist-time visit in a Diabetic Foot Care Center in southern Germany. Results Cultures yielded 888 species, most of them gram-positive cocci (primary Staphylococcus aureus). The gram-negative sector was mainly formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriacae. Because the prevalence of multiresistant species was surprisingly low (0.9% of isolated strains), we suggest penicillins with β-lactamase inhibitor in case of gram-positive–dominated infection or piperacillin/tazobactam or rather carbapenems with equal efficacy when gram-negative species are involved.

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How Do Preoperative Antibiotics Affect Culture Yield in Diabetic Foot Infections?

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofx016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Heather Young ◽

Whitney Miller ◽

Randy Burnham ◽

Susan Heard ◽

Chrystal Berg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Diabetic Foot Infection ◽

Negative Results ◽

Diabetic Foot Infections ◽

Preoperative Antibiotics ◽

The Impact ◽

Culture Negative ◽

Culture Yield

abstractThe impact of preoperative antibiotics on culture of diabetic foot infection samples has not been studied. We found that increasing exposure to preoperative antibiotics was associated with less frequent growth of streptococci and anaerobes and more culture-negative results. In contrast, the yield of Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacilli was unaffected.

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Aerobic bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pus isolates from tertiary care hospital in India

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.10473 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 842-848

Author(s):

Sukanya Sudhaharan ◽

Padmaja Kanne ◽

Padmasri Chavali ◽

Lakshmi Vemu

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Bacteriological Profile ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns

Introduction: Pyogenic infections are an important cause of sepsis. These infections are difficult to treat because of the pathogens with increasing antibiotic resistance. It is important to know the pathogens causing the infections and its antibiotic susceptibility for proper management of the patients. Methodology: A retrospective analysis of 1428 culture positive pus and tissue samples received in the department of microbiology from various departments in the hospital between January 2012 to 2017 was performed. Data regarding the pathogen isolated and its antimicrobial susceptibility were collected and analyzed. The specimens were primarily processed, as per standard methods. Identification and susceptibility testing was done using the Vitek-2C system. Results: Among the samples males outnumbered females (M: F-2.5:1) and the median age was 47 years. The total number of patients were 1428 with total number of isolates being 1525 as in our study monomicrobial infections were seen in 93.2% (1331/1428) patients whereas combined infections with growth of two pathogens in 6.8% (97/1428). Gram-negative bacilli were isolated in 68.3% (1042/1525). Among the Gram-negative bacilli Escherichia coli was the major pathogen isolated (38.6%, 403/1042). Gram positive organisms were isolated in 31.6% (483/1525) of cases and Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant organism isolated (91.7%, 443/483). Rare pathogens like Burkholderia pseudomallei in 3 patients and Nocardia in one patient were also isolated. Conclusion: This study emphasizes to understand the common organisms isolated from wound infections and it helps in empirical treatment of patients based on antibiotic susceptibility patterns.

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