Evaluation of a screening software for amblyopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Lei Xi ◽  
◽  
Jun-Wen Zeng ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Screening Software

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of a novel screening software for amblyopia. METHODS: Totally 324 preschoolers aged 3-6y old from outpatient department participated in the study in 2017. They were assessed for amblyopia by their parents, using the screening software and were reevaluated by ophthalmologists with professional eye tests. Sensitivity, specificity of the screening software was validated by comparing the results from the screening software and those from the professional tests. RESULTS: All 324 children (176 males and 148 females) completed all the procedures. Four amblyopes were found by professional tests. And 3 of them were detected by the screening software. The sensitivity, specificity was 75.0%, 90.0%, respectively. Professional tests cost an average of US$ 607.5/case of amblyopia detected, whereas the cost was near US$ 0/case for the screening software, except the cost of software development. CONCLUSION: The results from this pilot study indicate that the screening software for amblyopia is a simple, and highly effective, which offers a new option of amblyopia screening for developing countries.

scholarly journals Building Information Modelling in Cameroon

2016 ◽  
pp. 145-172
Author(s):  
F. H. Abanda ◽  
M. B. Manjia ◽  
C. Pettang ◽  
Joseph H. M. Tah ◽  
G. E. Nkeng
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Building Information Modelling ◽  
Francophone Africa ◽  
Information Modelling ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Cost

BIM has recently gained ground in developed countries. However, the use of BIM in developing countries including Cameroon is not well-known. In this study, BIM implementation in Cameroon is explored. The research methods used are a pilot study, electronic email surveys and in-depth phone interviews. Altogether, 179 professionals having at least a Master's Degree in Civil Engineering from the National Advanced School of Engineering Yaoundé I - Cameroon, a leading engineering institution in Francophone Africa, were sampled. Forty six provided feedback yielding a response rate of 25.7%. It emerged that some BIM software are already being used in Cameroon. However, major barriers hindering BIM uptake are high license fee and lack of huge projects that can pay off the cost of investment in BIM. Perhaps, partly because the respondents were highly skilled, it emerged that the lack of expertise was/is not a major problem to use BIM in projects. Although this study is limited to Cameroon, many recommendations could be relevant to other African countries.

Building Information Modelling in Cameroon

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Abanda ◽  
M. B. Manjia ◽  
C. Pettang ◽  
Joseph H. M. Tah ◽  
G. E. Nkeng
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Building Information Modelling ◽  
Francophone Africa ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Cost

BIM has recently gained ground in developed countries. However, the use of BIM in developing countries including Cameroon is not well-known. In this study, BIM implementation in Cameroon is explored. The research methods used are a pilot study, electronic email surveys and in-depth phone interviews. Altogether, 179 professionals having at least a Master's Degree in Civil Engineering from the National Advanced School of Engineering Yaoundé I - Cameroon, a leading engineering institution in Francophone Africa, were sampled. Forty six provided feedback yielding a response rate of 25.7%. It emerged that some BIM software are already being used in Cameroon. However, major barriers hindering BIM uptake are high license fee and lack of huge projects that can pay off the cost of investment in BIM. Perhaps, partly because the respondents were highly skilled, it emerged that the lack of expertise was/is not a major problem to use BIM in projects. Although this study is limited to Cameroon, many recommendations could be relevant to other African countries.

Renovated Water Reuse from Rapid Infiltration System

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Duan ZhenBo ◽  
Wang Shang ShaoTang ◽  
Li RuQi ◽  
Wu XureQing ◽  
Gao Erjing
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The use of renovated water from a rapid infiltration system for fish and duck farming was evaluated. It was concluded that the flesh of fish and duck was edible. The use of this approach is beneficial to the environment and economy, especially in developing countries. The production of fish and duck can offset the cost of wastewater treatment in many cases.

Denitrification of Sewage Effluents in Deep Bed Sand Filters

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Upton
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Water Plants ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pilot Plant Study

The European waste water industry will need to develop denitrification processes to remove nitrogen as pressures increase to reduce nutrient levels discharged in effluents. In the USA deep bed filter technology has been used extensively to provide denitrification to levels less than 5 mg/l TN. This paper describes this technology and the full scale performance at some waste water plants in Florida, USA. This paper also describes a pilot study in the United Kingdom at Severn Trent Water. The results of the pilot plant study indicate that denitrification in deep bed sand filters is a sound robust technology using methanol addition. Nitrogen removals greater than the 70% required in the EC Directive 1991 are possible at winter sewage temperatures. The process is most suitable for achieving nitrogen removal at trickling filter plants. The cost of methanol addition is calculated to be ₤10/1000m3.

The cost implication of primary prevention in the HOPE 3 trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Andre Lamy ◽  
Eva Lonn ◽  
Wesley Tong ◽  
Balakumar Swaminathan ◽  
Hyejung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract Aims The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation-3 (HOPE-3) found that rosuvastatin alone or with candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) (in a subgroup with hypertension) significantly lowered cardiovascular events compared with placebo in 12 705 individuals from 21 countries at intermediate risk and without cardiovascular disease. We assessed the costs implications of implementation in primary prevention in countries at different economic levels. Methods and results Hospitalizations, procedures, study and non-study medications were documented. We applied country-specific costs to the healthcare resources consumed for each patient. We calculated the average cost per patient in US dollars for the duration of the study (5.6 years). Sensitivity analyses were also performed with cheapest equivalent substitutes. The combination of rosuvastatin with candesartan/HCT reduced total costs and was a cost-saving strategy in United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. In contrast, the treatments were more expensive in developing countries even when cheapest equivalent substitutes were used. After adjustment for gross domestic product (GDP), the costs of cheapest equivalent substitutes in proportion to the health care costs were higher in developing countries in comparison to developed countries. Conclusion Rosuvastatin and candesartan/HCT in primary prevention is a cost-saving approach in developed countries, but not in developing countries as both drugs and their cheapest equivalent substitutes are relatively more expensive despite adjustment by GDP. Reductions in costs of these drugs in developing countries are essential to make statins and blood pressure lowering drugs affordable and ensure their use. Clinical trial registration HOPE-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00468923.

Endoscopic prediction of submucosal invasion in Barrett’s cancer with the use of Artificial Intelligence: A pilot Study

Endoscopy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alanna Ebigbo ◽  
Robert Mendel ◽  
Tobias Rückert ◽  
Laurin Schuster ◽  
Andreas Probst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
White Light ◽  
Submucosal Invasion ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Endoscopic Images ◽  
Barrett’S Cancer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background and aims: The accurate differentiation between T1a and T1b Barrett’s cancer has both therapeutic and prognostic implications but is challenging even for experienced physicians. We trained an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system on the basis of deep artificial neural networks (deep learning) to differentiate between T1a and T1b Barrett’s cancer white-light images. Methods: Endoscopic images from three tertiary care centres in Germany were collected retrospectively. A deep learning system was trained and tested using the principles of cross-validation. A total of 230 white-light endoscopic images (108 T1a and 122 T1b) was evaluated with the AI-system. For comparison, the images were also classified by experts specialized in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of Barrett’s cancer. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, F1 and accuracy of the AI-system in the differentiation between T1a and T1b cancer lesions was 0.77, 0.64, 0.73 and 0.71, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the performance of the AI-system and that of human experts with sensitivity, specificity, F1 and accuracy of 0.63, 0.78, 0.67 and 0.70 respectively. Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates the first multicenter application of an AI-based system in the prediction of submucosal invasion in endoscopic images of Barrett’s cancer. AI scored equal to international experts in the field, but more work is necessary to improve the system and apply it to video sequences and in a real-life setting. Nevertheless, the correct prediction of submucosal invasion in Barret´s cancer remains challenging for both experts and AI.

scholarly journals Impact of Patient Adherence and Test Performance on the Cost-Effectiveness of Cervical Cancer Screening in Developing Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca B. Perkins ◽  
Sarah M. Langrish ◽  
Linda J. Stern ◽  
James F. Burgess ◽  
Carol J. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
The Cost

Restricted Access: Exploratory Procedures and Object Properties

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sile O’Modhrain
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Haptic Interface ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Restricted Access ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Object Properties ◽  
Manual Exploration ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Exploratory Procedures ◽  
Interface Designs

Abstract In this paper, we present the results of a pilot study that examines whether restricting how people can explore objects haptically effects the object attributes they notice and the efficiency with which they can perform a simple sorting task. 25 observers were each randomly assigned to one of five exploration conditions: two hands (the control), one hand, thumb/forefinger, one finger, or probe. All observers performed a series of two-bin sorts. Stimuli were eight multi-propertied cubes which could be divided into two equal bins according to three properties: size, texture, and compliance. Preliminary results indicate that the restrictions on manual exploration we imposed affected both the exploratory procedures observers chose to use and the efficiency with which they could perform the task. Haptic interface designs inevitably restrict the exploratory procedures available to the user. This study attempts to determine the cost of these restrictions on the efficiency with which a user can explore multi-propertied objects in a virtual or telepresence environment.

The Design and Implementation of Code Generation Based on J2EE in the Development of JBPM Workflow System

2012 ◽  
Vol 263-266 ◽  
pp. 1961-1968
Author(s):  
Yong Chao Song ◽  
Bu Dan Wu ◽  
Jun Liang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Code Generation ◽  
System Development ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Workflow System ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Static Form

According to the feature of the JBPM workflow system development, the target code generated is determined by analyzing the process of JBPM workflow development and the architecture of J2EE. The code generation tool generates code by parsing the static form source code and loading the code generation template. The code generation tool greatly shortens the JBPM workflow system development cycle and reduces the cost of software development which has the good practicality and scalability.

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