Renovated Water Reuse from Rapid Infiltration System

Duan ZhenBo; Wang Shang ShaoTang; Li RuQi; Wu XureQing; Gao Erjing

doi:10.2166/wqrj.1995.015

Renovated Water Reuse from Rapid Infiltration System

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1995.015 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 111-114

Author(s):

Duan ZhenBo ◽

Wang Shang ShaoTang ◽

Li RuQi ◽

Wu XureQing ◽

Gao Erjing

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Water Reuse ◽

The Cost

Abstract The use of renovated water from a rapid infiltration system for fish and duck farming was evaluated. It was concluded that the flesh of fish and duck was edible. The use of this approach is beneficial to the environment and economy, especially in developing countries. The production of fish and duck can offset the cost of wastewater treatment in many cases.

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Helminth ova removal from wastewater for agriculture and aquaculture reuse

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2007.046 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (1-2) ◽

pp. 485-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

B. Jimenez

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Health Risk ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Wastewater Reuse ◽

World Health ◽

Disinfection Methods ◽

The World ◽

Main Target ◽

Health Organization

In the new version of the World Health Organization (WHO), water reuse guidelines helminth ova are considered one of the main target pollutants to be removed from wastewater reuse for agriculture and aquaculture purposes. In spite of this, along with the fact that helminth ova have been considered the main health risk to wastewater reuse for agriculture for at least 20 years, relatively little research has been done to control helminth ova in the wastewater treatment field. This paper addresses (1) characteristics of helminth ova and differences with microorganisms; (2) the most frequent helminth ova genus found in wastewater; (3) helminth ova content in developed and developing countries wastewater; (4) reasons why conventional disinfection methods cannot be applied; (5) main removal mechanisms; and (6) processes that in practice have effectively removed or inactivated helminth ova.

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Changing needs for appropriate excreta disposal and small wastewater treatment methodologies or The future technology of small wastewater treatment systems

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2004.0789 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 48 (11-12) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

C.W. Randall

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Surface Water Quality ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Small Scale ◽

Wastewater Disposal ◽

The Future ◽

Wastewater Treatment Systems

Recent developments will strongly influence the design and utilization of small wastewater treatment systems in the future, e.g. population increases in non-sewered rural areas and developing countries; increasing impairment of surface water quality; the construction of occupied high-rise buildings in metropolitan areas; the development of planned but somewhat isolated communities, growing shortages of water that mandate reuse of wastewaters. It is well known that there is a very strong linkage between wastewater disposal methods in rural areas and developing countries and the general health of the population. These problems could be greatly reduced or prevented by the utilization of well known excreta disposal and small wastewater treatment system technologies, but the development of more innovative on-site systems is needed. It is expected that future environmental and public health pressures in developed countries will require increasingly stringent effluent limitations for small and on-site wastewater disposal systems, based primarily on nutrient discharges. Both on-site and small-scale technologies are available for the more stringent requirements, but innovative and more economical designs are needed for wide-spread acceptance. Water reuse should be a consideration for the designs of these systems. Implementation and utilization of well known technologies are needed, but the obstacles are often more social and political than economical.

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A randomised controlled trial comparing the Cost-effectiveness of blastocyst (Day 5/6 ) versus cleavage stage (Day 3) embryo transfers in IVF-ICSI Cycles in developing countries

10.26226/morressier.5912d9efd462b8029238677f ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Randhir Singh

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Cleavage Stage ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

The Cost ◽

Day 3 Embryo

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Bulking and Foaming Organism Control at Phoenix, AZ WWTP

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1992.0426 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 26 (3-4) ◽

pp. 461-472 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

O. E. Albertson ◽

P. Hendricks

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Retention Time ◽

Oxygen Transfer ◽

Average Rate ◽

Oxygen Transfer Efficiency ◽

Solids Retention ◽

Total Nitrogen Removal ◽

The Cost ◽

The City

A 1630 L/s activated sludge plant at Phoenix was limited to an average rate of 1050 L/s and operated, at 400-600 mg/L MLSS and 0.8-1.3 day solids retention time (SRT) due to bulking sludge and limited clarification capacity. Higher SRTs also produced uncontrolled Nocardia foaming and low dissolved oxygen due to partial nitrification. The City retained the services of a team of consultants to resolve these problems as well as to upgrade the plant to provide nitrification and total nitrogen removal. An anoxic selector design was implemented within the existing basin and the clarifiers were modified to improve inlet design and sludge transport. The modified advanced wastewater treatment (AWT) plant operating at 1450 L/s has averaged an effluent of 7.6 mg/L BOD5, 8.2 mg/L TSS, 1.3 mg/L NH4N, 4.1 mg/L NO3N and 2.9 mg/L TP. Oxygen transfer efficiency has increased about 80% in the nitrification-denitrification (NdeN) mode. The cost of modification/upgrading to AWT was approximately $730,000 and a 400 L/s increase in hydraulic capacity was realized. Upgrading costs were $5.63/m3 ($0.02/gal.)

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The cost implication of primary prevention in the HOPE 3 trial

European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes ◽

10.1093/ehjqcco/qcz001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 266-271

Author(s):

Andre Lamy ◽

Eva Lonn ◽

Wesley Tong ◽

Balakumar Swaminathan ◽

Hyejung Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Primary Prevention ◽

Cost Saving ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Clinical Trial Registration ◽

Pressure Lowering ◽

The Cost ◽

Care Costs ◽

Country Specific

Abstract Aims The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation-3 (HOPE-3) found that rosuvastatin alone or with candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) (in a subgroup with hypertension) significantly lowered cardiovascular events compared with placebo in 12 705 individuals from 21 countries at intermediate risk and without cardiovascular disease. We assessed the costs implications of implementation in primary prevention in countries at different economic levels. Methods and results Hospitalizations, procedures, study and non-study medications were documented. We applied country-specific costs to the healthcare resources consumed for each patient. We calculated the average cost per patient in US dollars for the duration of the study (5.6 years). Sensitivity analyses were also performed with cheapest equivalent substitutes. The combination of rosuvastatin with candesartan/HCT reduced total costs and was a cost-saving strategy in United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. In contrast, the treatments were more expensive in developing countries even when cheapest equivalent substitutes were used. After adjustment for gross domestic product (GDP), the costs of cheapest equivalent substitutes in proportion to the health care costs were higher in developing countries in comparison to developed countries. Conclusion Rosuvastatin and candesartan/HCT in primary prevention is a cost-saving approach in developed countries, but not in developing countries as both drugs and their cheapest equivalent substitutes are relatively more expensive despite adjustment by GDP. Reductions in costs of these drugs in developing countries are essential to make statins and blood pressure lowering drugs affordable and ensure their use. Clinical trial registration HOPE-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00468923.

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Optimal Implementation of Wastewater Reuse in Existing Sewerage Systems to Improve Resilience and Sustainability in Water Supply Systems

Water ◽

10.3390/w13152004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 2004

Author(s):

Aakash Dev ◽

Timo C. Dilly ◽

Amin E. Bakhshipour ◽

Ulrich Dittmer ◽

S. Murty Bhallamudi

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Water Supply ◽

Wastewater Reuse ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Test Cases ◽

Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽

Graywater Reuse ◽

The Cost ◽

Supply Systems

A transition from conventional centralized to hybrid decentralized systems has been increasingly advised recently due to their capability to enhance the resilience and sustainability of urban water supply systems. Reusing treated wastewater for non-potable purposes is a promising opportunity toward the aforementioned resolutions. In this study, we present two optimization models for integrating reusing systems into existing sewerage systems to bridge the supply–demand gap in an existing water supply system. In Model-1, the supply–demand gap is bridged by introducing on-site graywater treatment and reuse, and in Model-2, the gap is bridged by decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse. The applicability of the proposed models is evaluated using two test cases: one a proof-of-concept hypothetical network and the other a near realistic network based on the sewerage network in Chennai, India. The results show that the proposed models outperform the existing approaches by achieving more than a 20% reduction in the cost of procuring water and more than a 36% reduction in the demand for freshwater through the implementation of local on-site graywater reuse for both test cases. These numbers are about 12% and 34% respectively for the implementation of decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse.

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Wastewater treatment using DAF for process water reuse in apatite flotation

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127285 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 127285

Author(s):

Mariana A. Santos ◽

Fabiano Capponi ◽

Carlos H. Ataíde ◽

Marcos A.S. Barrozo

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Process Water

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Cost coupled removal efficiency analyses of activated sludge technologies to achieve the cost-effective wastewater treatment system in the meat processing units

Journal of Environmental Management ◽

10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111991 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 283 ◽

pp. 111991

Author(s):

Mohsen Nowrouzi ◽

Hajar Abyar ◽

Amir Rostami

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Treatment System ◽

Meat Processing ◽

Wastewater Treatment System ◽

The Cost

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Wastewater Treatment and Water Reuse in Spain. Current Situation and Perspectives

Water ◽

10.3390/w11081551 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1551 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Antonio Jodar-Abellan ◽

María Inmaculada López-Ortiz ◽

Joaquín Melgarejo-Moreno

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

European Union ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Wastewater Reuse ◽

The European Union ◽

Water Planning ◽

Structural Problem ◽

The World ◽

Access To Water

The issues of wastewater treatment and the reuse of water are of great importance, especially in areas where the shortage of conventional resources is a structural problem, as it is in the case of Spain. Wastewater reuse is a valid mechanism to avoid problems derived from droughts and water scarcity. It allows access to water resources in areas with water restrictions and to prevent futures scenarios, due to it being expected that water consumption will double by 2050 over the world. Thus, the likelihood that this unconventional, strategic resource would become scarce is unquestionable, particularly in cases where water planning and exploitation systems prioritize the preservation, protection, and improvement of water quality, as well as the sustainable and efficient use of natural resources. This paper shows how wastewater treatment and reuse are linked, as the reuse of wastewater is associated with a previous regeneration, and both of them are essential tools for maximizing environmental outcomes, as called for in the European Union Directives.

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