scholarly journals Diabetes onset at an earlier age and high HbA1c levels as risk factors of diabetic retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
Rui-Fang Feng ◽  
◽  
Ya-Lu Liu ◽  
Qing Xu ◽  
Lei Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Onset Age ◽  
Diabetes Onset ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
High Hba1c ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Hba1c Levels

AIM: To assess the effect of age at diabetes onset and uncontrollable high HbA1c levels on the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey of diabetic patients in Subei district, China. Data covering physical measurements, fasting blood-glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood lipid, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), ocular fundus examination, and diabetes treatment records were collected. An independent sample t-test were used to analyze differences. A Logistic regression analysis was applied to study the independent risk factors of DR. RESULTS: A total of 1282 patients with type 2 DM were enrolled, and 191 cases had DR (14.9%). The age at diabetes onset, education level, alcohol consumption, HbA1c level, UACR level, and hypoglycemic drugs were independent influencing factors for DR. The older the onset of diabetes, the less likely to develop DR (OR: 0.958, 95%CI: 0.942-0.975, P=0.000). Patients were then divided in terms of age at diabetes onset as follows: <50y, 50-59y, 60-69y, and ≥70y. Compared with diabetes onset age <50y, 50-59y (OR: 0.463, 95%CI: 0.306-0.699, P=0.000), 60-69y (OR: 0.329, 95%CI: 0.203-0.535, P=0.000) and ≥70y (OR: 0.232, 95%CI: 0.094-0.577, P=0.002) were at a lower risk of DR. The prevalence of DR was highest in patients with diabetes onset age <50y (29.5%, P<0.05). The HbA1c level (8.67±1.97)% and proportion of insulin injection (52.5%) in patients with diabetes onset <40y were higher than in patients with older diabetes onset age (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Diabetes onset at an earlier age and uncontrollable high HbA1c level could be independent risk factors for DR.

scholarly journals Long-term HbA1c variability and the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Ul Kim ◽  
Sung Pyo Park ◽  
Yong-Kyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Progression Rate ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Hba1c Variability ◽  
Hba1c Levels

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether long-term HbA1c variability is associated with the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in subjects with type 2 diabetes. We retrospectively reviewed 434 type 2 diabetes subjects without DR who underwent regular DR screening. We reviewed fundus findings, collected HbA1c levels, and calculated the coefficient of variation (CV) and average real variability (ARV) of each subject’s HbA1c level. DR was developed in 55 subjects and progressed to moderate nonproliferative DR or worse DR in 23 subjects. On Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, HbA1c ARV, but not HbA1c CV, was significantly associated with DR development. However, the association between HbA1c variability and the DR progression rate to moderate nonproliferative DR or worse DR was not significant. The inter-visit HbA1c difference value on consecutive examination predicted DR development well and more careful screening for DR is needed for those with an absolute value change of 2.05%, an absolute increase of 1.75%, and an absolute decrease of 1.45% in HbA1c levels on consecutive examination. These results indicate that long-term glucose variability measured by HbA1c ARV might be an independent risk factor for DR development in addition to the mean HbA1c level in early diabetic subjects.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irini P Chatziralli ◽  
Theodoros N Sergentanis ◽  
Petros Keryttopoulos ◽  
Nikolaos Vatkalis ◽  
Antonis Agorastos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

scholarly journals New genetically determined risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: final report

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
S.Yu. Mogilevskyy ◽  
A.S. Hudz ◽  
Yu.O. Panchenko ◽  
O.V. Bushuyeva ◽  
G.E. Zakharevych
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Genetically Determined

Background. According to the International Diabetes Federation, the number of people with diabetes mellitus is going to increase from 366 to 552 million by 2030. More than 1.5 million patients with diabetes are registered in Ukraine, of which 84–95 % have type 2 diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the common diabetes complications, being one of the leading causes of blindness and low vision, in particular in people of occupational age. Metabolic disorders, including activation of the polyol pathway of glucose utilization, play an important role in the pathogenesis of DR, with aldose reductase playing a key role, the activity of which is associated with the polymorphism of its gene, AKR1B1. The study of new meta­bolic and genetic mechanisms for the development and progression of DR in type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients from the Ukrainian population is an actual task of modern ophthalmology. Purpose: to investigate and generalize new genetically determined risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The study involved 409 participants, who were divided into four groups: 1 — comparison cohort (98 people without diabetes mellitus type 2); 2 — 76 patients (stage I DR, without fundus chan­ges); 3 — 64 individuals with non-proliferative DR; 4 — 64 patients with proliferative DR; control group for genetic researches included 107 ophthalmologically healthy individuals. All patients underwent blood sampling for molecular genetic research by puncture of the ulnar vein and aspiration of 2.5 ml of blood through a 23G 5.0 ml disposable syringe (Hemoplast, Etalon+, Ukraine), followed by a release into a 3.0 ml container (Vacuette K3E K3EDTA, Greiner Bio-One, Austria). Distribution of polymorphic alleles and genotypes of rs759853 and rs9640883 aldose reductase gene (AKR1B1) in patients with non-proliferative DR, proliferative DR and in the control group and their association with disease and effects on the occurrence, mechanisms of development and progression of DR were studied. Based on the conducted researches, a model of DR development prognosis was developed by construction of multiple regression with sufficient reliability of degree of influence of independent variables on a calculated indicator. Results. As a result of our research, we identified new genetically determined risk factors for the development and progression of the different stages of DR in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, namely the role of polymorphic alleles and genotypes rs759853 and rs9640883 of the AKR1B1 gene. The deve­loped logistic regression models found that the risk of DR incidence is five times lower in carriers of the G/G and G/A genotypes compared to carriers of the A/A genotype rs759853 polymorphism (p < 0.001). It was found that the risk is twice as high (p = 0.01) for carriers of the G/G genotype rs9640883 compared to the A/A + G/A genotypes. The risk of developing proliferative DR is 3.3 times lower in carriers of the G/G genotype and 2.5 times lower in carriers of the G/A genotype compared to carriers of the A/A genotype rs759853. Conclusions. Therefore, on the basis of our clinical, ophthalmological, molecular genetic and statistical studies we have identified new risk factors for the development and progression of different stages of DR in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Mathematical models of development and progression of different stages of DR in patients with diabetes type 2 were built.

scholarly journals Diabetes Onset at 31–45 Years of Age is Associated with an Increased Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Zou ◽  
Lisha Ni ◽  
Qianyi Lu ◽  
Chen Zou ◽  
Minjie Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Onset Age ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Diabetes Onset ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology

Abstract This hospital-based, cross-sectional study investigated the effect of age of diabetes onset on the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. A total of 5,214 patients with type 2 DM who were referred to the Department of Ophthalmology at the Shanghai First People’s Hospital from 2009 to 2013 was eligible for inclusion. Diabetic retinopathy status was classified using the grading system of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Logistic and hierarchical regression analyses were used to identify independent variables affecting the development of DR. Upon multiple logistic regression analysis, patient age at the time of diabetes onset was significantly associated with development of DR. Further, when the risk of retinopathy was stratified by patient age at the onset of diabetes, the risk was highest in patients in whom diabetes developed at an age of 31–45 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.815 [1.139–2.892]; p = 0.012). Furthermore, when patients were divided into four groups based on the duration of diabetes, DR development was maximal at a diabetes onset age of 31–45 years within each group. A diabetes onset age of 31–45 years is an independent risk factor for DR development in Chinese type 2 DM patients.

Risk factors and early signs of pancreatic cancer in diabetes: screening strategy based on diabetes onset age

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suguru Mizuno ◽  
Yousuke Nakai ◽  
Hiroyuki Isayama ◽  
Ayako Yanai ◽  
Naminatsu Takahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Onset Age ◽  
Diabetes Screening ◽  
Diabetes Onset ◽  
Early Signs

Prevalence of Toenail Onychomycosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Evaluation of Risk Factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aynur Gulcan ◽  
Erim Gulcan ◽  
Sukru Oksuz ◽  
Idris Sahin ◽  
Demet Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Epidemiologic Risk

Background: We sought to determine the frequency of toenail onychomycosis in diabetic patients, to identify the causative agents, and to evaluate the epidemiologic risk factors. Methods: Data regarding patients’ diabetic characteristics were recorded by the attending internal medicine clinician. Clinical examinations of patients’ toenails were performed by a dermatologist, and specimens were collected from the nails to establish the onycomycotic abnormality. All of the specimens were analyzed by direct microscopy and culture. Results: Of 321 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, clinical onychomycosis was diagnosed in 162; 41 of those diagnoses were confirmed mycologically. Of the isolated fungi, 23 were yeasts and 18 were dermatophytes. Significant correlations were found between the frequency of onychomycosis and retinopathy, neuropathy, obesity, family history, and duration of diabetes. However, no correlation was found with sex, age, educational level, occupation, area of residence, levels of hemoglobin A1c and fasting blood glucose, and nephropathy. The most frequently isolated agents from clinical specimens were yeasts. Conclusions: Long-term control of glycemia to prevent chronic complications and obesity and to promote education about the importance of foot and nail care should be essential components in preventing onychomycosis and its potential complications, such as secondary foot lesions, in patients with diabetes mellitus. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(1): 49–54, 2011)

Associations of Type 2 Diabetes Onset Age With Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: The Kailuan Study

Diabetes Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. dc202375
Author(s):  
Maoxiang Zhao ◽  
Lulu Song ◽  
Lan Sun ◽  
Miao Wang ◽  
Chi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Onset Age ◽  
Diabetes Onset
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