scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ITMI LINES OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT FOR RESISTANCE TO STINKING SMUT

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
А.А. Zueva ◽  
◽  
А. I. Menibaev ◽  
S. N. Shevchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tilletia Caries ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Grade Scale ◽  
Middle Volga

The aim of the study is to search for new sources of resistance to stinking smut among the ITMI population lines. The article presents analysis of data on the study of reaction of spring soft wheat, which is resistant to stinking smut, to the introduction of pathogen. The experimental part of the work was carried out in 2016-2018 on an infectious background of a phyto-stage in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region (Samara ARI-branch of SamRC RAS, Bezenchuk country). 77 lines of ITMI mapping population were used as objects, as well as a population of Tilletia caries pathogen collected from zoned and susceptible varieties. In the experiment, healthy seeds (control) and seeds infected with pathogen were sown. For inoculation of wheat seeds with this pathogen, the A. I. Borggardt-Anpilogov method was used. Cleaning was carried out manually, by cutting plants from the plot in the phase of full ripeness. Accounting for damage to samples of stinking smut was carried out in the phase of milk-wax stage of the grain, carefully viewing and counting all the spikes on the plot. A five-grade scale created by V. I. Krivchenko was used for classing the samples resistance to stinking smut. Weather conditions in the years of research were different, but developed mainly favorable for creating an infectious background, as well as for the growth of spring wheat plants. 4 lines had immunity (ITMI-40, 75, 90, 91). Practical stability was observed on 5 lines (damage from 4.3 to 10.0%). 8 lines were poorly susceptible (the maximum lesion was 21.0%). With an average susceptibility, 21 lines were isolated, the remaining lines were mostly affected by more than 50%. Selected samples can serve as a valuable source material for use in immunological breeding programs.

scholarly journals Assessment of adaptability of spring soft wheat varieties in forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 214 (11) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Elena Demina ◽  
Aleksandr Kincharov ◽  
Tat'yana Taranova ◽  
Kristina Chekmasova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Middle Volga

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the adaptability parameters of zoned and promising varieties of spring soft wheat and to identify samples that combine high grain yield and adaptive properties for forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. The work was carried out in 2017–2020 in the central zone of the Samara region. Methods. The object of research was 12 varieties of competitive testing related to different stages of breeding. Observations and records were carried out according to the Methodology of the state variety testing of agricultural crops, assessment of the adaptability of varieties according to the methods of A. A. Goncharenko and L. A. Zhivotkov. Weather conditions in 2017–2020 were diverse and varied from the average annual values. Results. The average crop yield varied from 2.10 t/ha (2019) to 3.72 t/ha (2017), the coefficient of variation Cv = 23.8 %. Varieties with a high average grain yield (3.15–3.26 t/ha) and a smaller variation (19.9–22.5 %) were identified – Eritrospermum 6310/10-63, Lutestsens 6102/1-32, Eritrospermum 6517/24-1. The varieties Eritrospermum 6310/10-63 (–1.39), Eritrospermum 6381 (–1.50), and Kinel’skaya 59 (–1.50) had the greatest resistance to stress. Varieties Lutestsens 6045, Kinel’skaya yubileynaya, Lutestsens 6102/1-32 – differed in specific adaptation and formed the highest average grain yield (3.16–3.20 t/ha) under contrasting conditions. The average coefficient of adaptability of varieties ranged from 0.85 to 1.08. The majority of varieties (58.3 %) had a high coefficient of adaptability (greater than 1), the highest values (1.08) were the promising varieties Lutescens 6102/1-32 and Erythrospermum 6310/10-63. Scientific novelty. A new adaptive material of spring soft wheat has been isolated for use in breeding programs of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region.

scholarly journals SOURCES OF VALUABLE TRAITS FOR BREEDING SPRING SOFT WHEAT IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Elena Demina ◽  
Aleksandr Kincharov ◽  
Tat'yana Taranova ◽  
Ol'ga Mullayanova ◽  
Kristina Chekmasova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Traits For Breeding

The work was carried out in 2018-2019 in the forest-steppe zone of Samara region. The purpose of the research is to conduct study samples of collection nursery of various ecological and geographical origins and identify new sources of economically valuable traits for breeding in the forest – steppe of the Middle Volga region. The material for research was 352 collection samples of spring soft wheat, including 108 foreign varieties and hybrids and 244 domestic samples of breeding institutions of the Russian Federation. Meteorological conditions during the research years were quite severe, and vegetation took place in arid and acutely arid conditions (hydrothermal coefficient in 2018 – 0.51, in 2019 – 0.48, with a long-term value in the region of 0.73). The greatest variability over the years of research was observed in the indicators of grain yield of samples (Сv=23.9...27.5 %) and plants height (Сv=10.8...12.9 %). According to the research results, 30 new genetic sources of economically valuable traits of spring soft wheat were identified. Sources of precocity (period of shoots-earing 35...37 days): Uralskaya kukushka, Chelyaba rannyaya, Tyumenskaya 25, Lutescens 70, Odeta, Libertina, Chi Mai, Long Fu 7, M83-1551. Sources of short stems (plants height 40...45 cm): KWS Torridon, KWS Jetstream, Florens, Eleganza, Long Fu 13. Sources of consistently high productivity (grain yield 415...554 g/m2, and the yield increase over the standard 71...210 g/m2): Erythrospermum 4089, Grekum 5523, Lutescens 6029, Lutescens 6074/6-23, Lutescens 6102/1-32, Lutescens 6102/1-34 Erythrospermum 6517/24-1, Ekada 214, Burlak, Ulyanovskaya 105, Lebedushka, Saratovskaya 73. Sources of high protein content (15.4...16.7 %) and gluten (36.0...42.0 %) in grain: Erythrospermum 3898, Erythrospermum 4112, Erythrospermum 4171, Erythrospermum 5289

scholarly journals Sources of resistance to fungal diseases for selection of spring soft wheat

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yuryevna Taranova ◽  
Alexander Ivanovich Kincharov ◽  
Elena Anatolyevna Demina ◽  
Olga Sergeevna Mullayanova
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Resistance To Fungal Diseases

For breeding to create varieties resistant to fungal diseases, it is effective to work in the search for new genes of resistance to pathogens, as well as to constantly update the gene pool of spring wheat. The researches were conducted in 2014-2019 in the Samara region. The object of study was 352 collection samples of spring soft wheat of various ecological and geographical groups. The assessment of samples for resistance to fungal pathogens was carried out against a natural infectious background, including in years with a strong development of certain diseases (powdery mildew – 2014, brown rust – 2016, 2017). Accounting of plant damage by fungal diseases was carried out according to generally accepted phytopathological methods. Since 2000, the laboratory has studied and developed more than one thousand collection samples, formed working characteristic collections of samples for resistance to leaf rust (142), powdery mildew (185) and with complex resistance to these diseases (100). According to the results of six-year studies, collection samples with complex resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew were identified: Kinelskaya yubileynaya, Erythrospermum 4112, Erythrospermum 4143, Erythrospermum 4144, Erythrospermum 4146, Erythrospermum 4147, Lutescens 6045/7, Erythrospermum 6310/10-63 (Kinel), Khutoryanka (Tambov), Ulyanovskaya 105, Yaritsa (Ulyanovsk), Tulaykovskaya 108 (Bezenchuk), Sigma 2 (Omsk), KVS Aquilon (Germany). Relatively resistant to root rot pathogens samples were noted: Kinelskaya 2010, Lutescens 3960, Erythrospermum 4112, Erythrospermum 4171, Lutescens 4394 (Kinel). The selected varieties and breeding lines are recommended by us as sources of resistance to fungal diseases for use in breeding programs of the middle Volga region and research sites with similar agro-climatic conditions.

scholarly journals The results of study of collection samples of spring soft wheat in the Middle Volga Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-659
Author(s):  
I. F. Demina
Keyword(s):  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

During the research, there were studied 186 varieties of spring soft wheat of different ecological and geographical origin to develop valuable initial material for new varieties in the conditions of Middle Volga. The studies were carried out in accordance with the methodic recommendations of VIR. According to the duration of the growing season, the samples were divided into three groups: early ripening – 29.4 %, mid-ripening – 45.0 % and mid-late-ripening – 25.6 %. The largest number of high-yielding varieties belongs to the mid-ripening group. Five groups are distinguished according to plant height: above 120 cm – tall, 120-105 cm – medium-grown, 104-85 cm – undersized, 84-60 cm – semi-dwarfs, less than 60 cm – dwarfs. A group of semi-dwarfs showed high resistance to lodging. The yield of productive genotypes in this group is 192-210 g/m2. The analysis of the elements of the yield structure showed the varieties that exceeded the standard in the number of grains in the ear (32.8 pcs.): Annet (38.2 pcs.), Baganskaya 95 (36.5 pcs.), Riks (37.7 pcs.), Lubninka (36.8 pcs.), (Russia, West Siberian Region), Biryusa (37.2 pcs.) (Russia, East Siberian Region), by grain weight per ear – Russian varieties from East Siberian, West Siberian and Lower Volga Regions (0.96-1.52 g), and varieties of foreign selection from North America (0.89-1.64 г). According to the yield the following varieties significantly exceeded the standard variety Kinelskaya Niva (310 g/m2) by 30-54 g/m2 (LSD05 = 22.5 g/m2): Russian varieties Annet, Baganskaya 95, Lavrusha, Tarskaya 10, Pamyati Maistrenko, Omskaya 39, Duet (West Siberian region), Voevoda (Lower Volga region) and Uyarochka (East Siberian region), foreign varieties Aktyube 10 (Kazakhstan) and Granit (Canada). The varieties with complex resistance to the main types of leaf diseases (leaf rust and powdery mildew) have been identified: Norwell, Granit, Dandy, CDC Merlin (Kanada), Lavrusha, Tarskaya 10 (West Siberian Region), Tybalt (Netherlands), Voevoda (Lower Volga Region), Etyud (Ukraine). The identified varieties were used as parental forms in crosses.

scholarly journals The formation of the crop, sowing qualities and yield properties of spring soft wheat seeds under the influence of mineral fertilizers in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Lidiya Vasilievna Karpova ◽  
Anna Vasilievna Strogonova ◽  
Phedor Petrovich Chetverikov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Complex Liquid ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The article presents the results of studies on the formation of the crop, sowing qualities, yield properties and biochemical composition of seeds of spring soft wheat (Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda variety) under the influence of complex liquid fertilizers with microelements in chelate form in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga. The application of mineral fertilizer Megamix increased the number of grains on one plant to 32.9–36.3 units, which exceeded the control by 1.1–4.5 units, or by 3.5–14.1%. The yield of spring wheat from the integrated application of the agrochemical increased to 3.90 t / ha, which is 21.1% higher than the control.

scholarly journals VARIETAL DIFFERENTIATION OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT BY MATURITY GROUPS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
N.N. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
N.G. Zakharov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Maturity Groups

In wheat selection, the earring period is a fairly reliable criterion for determining the ripeness group of the variety. The aim of the research was to determine the maturity groups of winter soft wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origin in the middle Volga forest-steppe. 18 varieties of winter soft wheat included in the State register of selection achievements for the middle Volga region of Russia were used for research in machine seeding.102 varieties originating from 11 countries were used in manual seeding. It is established that the intra-and intervariental change of the date of winter soft wheat earning is weak and moderate. The share of genotype (variety) influence in the variability of the duration of the growing season of winter soft wheat is 56.1 %, the year conditions-4.4 %, and the “genotype-year” interaction-36.5 %. Among the assortment of winter soft wheat of domestic selection, 54% of varieties showed themselves to be medium – ripe, 24% – medium-early, 10% - medium-late. The late-maturing, early-maturing, and ultra-early-maturing groups only included single varieties in certain years. Among the studied assortment of the world wheat collection late maturity had variety of Germany, the earliness and medium early– wheat of China, Japan, Bulgaria and the North Caucasus region of Russia, medium maturing varieties of the Siberian region of the country. Wheat of different groups of ripeness were represented by varieties of Ukraine. The ultra-early and late-maturing varieties of foreign selection selected in the study are valuable as a source material for the selection of soft wheat for the duration of the growing season in the middle Volga forest-steppe.

scholarly journals Influence of modern preparations on soybean crop productivity in the conditions of forest steppe of the Middle Volga region

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00130
Author(s):  
Vasily G. Vasin ◽  
Ramis N. Saniev ◽  
Alexey V. Vasin ◽  
Nikolai A. Prosandeev ◽  
Alexey N. Burunov
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Plant Safety ◽  
Middle Volga

The article presents the results of scientific research on the growth-stimulating preparations in the pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds and crops according to the development phases in the foreststeppe zone of the Middle Volga. It contains the results of the 2016-2018 research with an assessment of indicators of plant safety, photosynthetic activity and soybean yield in different treatment options by growth factors. The two-component preparations in pre-sowing seed treatment contribute to better soybean germination up to 78.12%. The pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Risotorphine and Raykat Start preparations forms the maximum leaf area. Comparing three years, we can say that the leaves work more productively in the variants with the use of Risotorphine and Raykat Start in pre-sowing treatment. Weather conditions in 2018 allowed soybean crops to form a high yield. The yield level was in the range of 1.48 - 1.98 t / ha. Inoculation of seeds with Raykat Start followed by crops treatment in the phase of 3-5 leaves and budding allowed achieving maximum yield for all years of research. After treating the seeds with Raykat Start, the maximum grain yield was 1.40 t/ha with a double-treatment of crops by microfertilizing mixture Megamix Profi in a phase of 3-5 leaves and budding.

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