plant safety
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2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 684-690
Author(s):  
Teerawat Thepmanee ◽  
Amphawan Julsereewong ◽  
Sawai Pongswatd

2022 ◽  
Vol 960 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
M Valeca ◽  
S Valeca ◽  
D Giosanu

Abstract The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (NY 2019) has concluded that nations must move more swiftly to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases to avoid the most devastating effects of global warming. The paper presents nuclear energy as part of the solution. Due to the fact that the population is concerned about nuclear proliferation, plant safety and radiation protection, the paper presents the Romanian experience regarding the reduction of the risk of proliferation as well as the project of the 4th generation reactor ALFRED. One of the most important steps in assessing the candidate materials for Generation IV reactors is the material performance under neutron irradiation. In this respect, the paper also presents the results of the evaluations on some potential materials to be used in fast lead cooled reactors.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Hazafa ◽  
Muhammad Murad ◽  
Muhammad Umer Masood ◽  
Shahid Bilal ◽  
Muhammad Nasir Khan ◽  
...  

With an increasing world population, the demand for quality food is rising. To meet safe food demand, it is necessary to double or maybe triple agriculture production. Annually, almost 25% of the world crop is destroyed due to pests. During the past few decades, different pesticides, including chemical, synthetic, biological, and botanical have been adopted to achieve adequate results against pests for agriculture interests and plant safety. Globally, more than 200,000 people died every year due to direct chemical and synthetic pesticides poisoning. But these pesticides did not achieve the desired results due to delivery problems, less stability, low biodegradability, less specificity, and high cost. To overcome these problems, the rapidly emerging field of nanotechnology is considered an important achievement in the agriculture sectors in order to improve pest mortality rates and crop production. The nano-biopesticides attained special attention against the insect pests due to their small size (1-100 nm), large surface area, high stability, cost-effectiveness, fever toxicity, and easy field application. The current chapter highlights the relevance of nano-biopesticides for pest insect management on several crops of agricultural concern. The mechanisms of action, delivery, and environmental sustainability of nano-biopesticides are also discussed in the present chapter.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salem All Dhanhani ◽  
Ivan Novendri

Abstract The control room acts as a central nervous system facility. This is where important decisions, using complex systems, are made every day. The actions of control room operators have a direct impact on uptime, production yields, quality, and industrial plant safety. In addition, long working hours per shift result in fatigue, irregularity of circadian rhythms and sleep cycles, and decreased cognitive performance at the end of day and night shifts. Fatigue causes decreased alertness, attention span, poor memory, and concentration and affect other mental factors. ADNOC Gas Processing established Fatigue Risk Management Taskforce (FRMT) to adapt practices to the specific conditions and create a safer working environment, leading to happier and healthier employees and an overall community. In industries that run continuous and heavy-duty plants such as Oil, gas, and petrochemical, shift work ensures production flow. After the outbreak of Covid-19, business needs to adapt quickly so that their activities can run. The finding suggests that the workers' cognitive performance is reduced, shown by the increase of triggered alarm by the average of 14.39% higher than before the outbreak of Covid-19. However, with the ability to adapt and implement control and monitoring measures, the number of alarm rate gradually decreased. The study framework was proven to be a valuable tool that decision-makers can use, especially to measure the performance of control room workers and their psychological fatigue affected by the Covid-19 pandemic.


2021 ◽  
pp. 017084062110618
Author(s):  
Chia-Yu Kou ◽  
Sarah Harvey

To manage knowledge differences, existing research has documented two sets of practices: traversing and transcending knowledge boundaries. What research has yet to explore, however, is the dynamics through which traversing or transcending practices emerge in response to a particular problem situation. Using a qualitative, inductive study of the problem episodes encountered by groups of experts working on a large-scale project to build the safety system for a nuclear power plant, we observed that the emergence of traversing or transcending depended on how experts interpreted problems and initiated dialogues around specific problems. Our work provides insight into the condition through which knowledge integration trajectories may emerge.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6598
Author(s):  
Victor Bolbot ◽  
Gerasimos Theotokatos ◽  
Rainer Hamann ◽  
George Psarros ◽  
Evangelos Boulougouris

Stringent environmental regulations and efforts to improve the shipping operations sustainability have resulted in designing and employing more complex configurations for the ship power plants systems and the implementation of digitalised functionalities. Due to these systems complexity, critical situations arising from the components and subsystem failures, which may lead to accidents, require timely detection and mitigation. This study aims at enhancing the safety of ship complex systems and their operation by developing the concept of an integrated monitoring safety system that employs existing safety models and data fusion from shipboard sensors. Detailed Fault Trees that model the blackout top event, representing the sailing modes of a cruise ship and the operating modes of its plant, are employed. Shipboard sensors’ measurements acquired by the cruise ship alarm and monitoring system are integrated with these Fault Trees to account for the acquired shipboard information on the investigated power plant configuration and its components operating conditions, thus, facilitating the estimation of the blackout probability time variation as well as the dynamic criticality assessment of the power plant components. The proposed concept is verified by using a virtual simulation environment developed in Matlab/Simulink. This study supports the dynamic assessment of the ship power plants and therefore benefits the decision-making for enhancing the plant safety during operations.


Kerntechnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-352
Author(s):  
J. Cui ◽  
Y. Cai ◽  
Y. Wu

Abstract Software criticality analysis examines the degree of contribution that each individual failure mode of a software component has on the reliability of software. Higher safety integrity levels are assigned to software modules whose failures cause an unacceptable impact on the operation of the system, and these levels require the implementation of more rigorous software quality assurance measures as defined in IEEE Std 1012 and in the customer’s system requirements specification. In this paper, a novel software criticality analysis method is proposed, the results of which can be used to guide the development of newly developed software and the procurement of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) software. The software structure is first analyzed and the software is divided into modules according to their functions. Then the criticality levels of software components are preliminarily classified by means of a safety criticality preliminary analysis tree, followed by their verification through the software hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP). Finally, the target Safety Integrity Level (SIL) of each software module is determined based on its criticality level and the overall safety objective (i. e., SIL) of the system it resides in. As an example, this proposed method is applied to a nuclear power plant safety-critical system to demonstrate the detail application process and to verify the feasibility of the method. Compared with the existing software criticality analysis methods, this method has better operability and verifiability, and can be utilized as a technical guidance for the software criticality analysis of nuclear power plant digital control systems.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Wiwied Ekasari ◽  
Suko Hardjono ◽  
Sugijanto Sugijanto ◽  
Juni Ekowati ◽  
I Nyoman Wijaya ◽  
...  

Abstract: The use of medicinal plants to maintain or overcome health problems has long been carried out by worldwide community. Along with the development of knowledge, data about the existence of undesirable effects or side effects associated with the use of medicinal plants that are not appropriate are obtained. This research is conducted to determine public knowledge about the safety several medicinal plants use. The study was conducted with a questionnaire technique in Lombok Praya, Indonesia. The results show that knowledge about the safety of the use of medicinal plants in breastfeeding mothers obtains the correct answer by 48%, knowledge about the parts of medicinal plants that are dangerous for consumption by 39% and knowledge about medicinal plants that can increase health risks by 21%. Whereas, the knowledges for the use of medicinal plants in pregnant women and the use of medicinal plants that are not right obtains very good results with correct answers of 79% and 81%. Based on further interviews, these good results are obtained because they are supported more by traditional use of the plant that has already existed in the area. Public understanding of the safety of some medicinal plants in Lombok Praya is still lacking. It is necessary to add knowledge about the use of medicinal plants that requires special attention, especially on plants that are often used by people in the area. Local health agencies need to disseminate information on the safety of medicinal plants that is wider and more sustainable. Keywords: Community, medicinal plant, safety, public understanding.


2021 ◽  
Vol 207 (11) ◽  
pp. 1687-1711
Author(s):  
Chandrakanth Bolisetti ◽  
Justin Coleman ◽  
William Hoffman ◽  
Andrew Whittaker

Author(s):  
Frank R. Spellman ◽  
Lorilee Medders ◽  
Paul Fuller ◽  
Gordon Graham
Keyword(s):  

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