scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT ASSESSMENT METHODS OF BREEDING BULLS OF BLACK-AND-WHITE BREED BY THE OFFSPRING QUALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
E. I. Anisimova E. I. ◽  
◽  
P. S. Katmakov ◽  
A. V. Bushov ◽  
◽  
...  

The paper presents results of assessing black-and-white bulls by the quality of the offspring with application of different methods. The evaluation of bulls was carried out with application of the “daughter-mother” method in the conditions of Volzhsky Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation. The valuation showed that the bulls Aist 7 and Muscat 8 increased milk yield of daughters, in comparison with mothers, by 951 and 486 kg, or by 26.7 and 12.9%. The rest of the servicing bulls reduced milk yield of the offspring by 46 - 1019 kg (1.1 - 24.7%). When assessing the bulls using the “daughterpeer” method, the highest milk productivity was shown by the descendants of Sazan 25 and Aist 7 of Vis Back Ideal line, which surpassed their peers in milk yield by 273 and 419 kg, or by 3.8 and 5.7%, respectively. The producers Snop 57 (his 17 daughters had average milk yield of 4224 kg for the first lactation with milk fat of 3.80%) and Muscat 8 (with an average milk yield of daughters of 4254 kg , milk fat - 3.83%) are also of significant value for the breeding work of this farm. According to the assessment results, the producer Aist 7 was assigned to the breeding category of A1 of milk yield improvers. Bulls Sazan 25 and Muscat 8 are also rated as daughters’ milk yield improvers and are categorized as A2 and A3. All bulls evaluated by comparing daughters to the breed standards are improvers of daughters’ milk yield (+ 454-1860 kg).

Author(s):  
T. Shishkina ◽  
T. Guseva ◽  
A. Galiullin ◽  
N. Semikova

A retrospective analysis of the dynamics of traits of milk productivity of Black-and-White cows with increased the part of Holstein breed blood has been carried out. Two groups have been formed from the number of culling animals of two adjacent generations: the 1st group (basic generation) with the part of Holstein breed blood of 3/4 (75 %) and the 2nd group with the part of Holstein breed blood of 7/8 (87,5 %) per 35 heads in each. As a result, it has been found that cows with the part of blood of 7/8 had the best indicators of milk productivity for I, II and III lactation. They significantly exceeded the indicators of cows with part of Holstein blood of 3/4 in terms of milk yield and yield of milk fat. The decrease in average daily milk yields for months of lactation in high-blooded cows was lower by 3 %, and the indicator of full-competed lactation was higher by 17,8 %. High-blooded animals have been culled out of the herd more intensively. By the end of the third lactation, the livability of livestock in the 1st group was 100 %, and in the second group – 23 %. The best parameters of productive longevity were distinguished by animals of the basic generation with the part of Holstein breed blood of 3/4. They signifi cantly surpassed of high-blooded animals in terms of longevity and period of productive longevity, respectively, by 1109 (P < 0,001) and 739 (P < 0,001) days, and in terms of lifetime milk yield – by 14392 kg (P < 0,001). The increase of the part of the blood of cows to 7/8 was carried out using purebred producers of foreign selection, the new generation of high-blooded animals had a relatively high genetic potential. However, 7/8-blooded cows of Holstein breed used it only by 53,4 %, which was by 24,3 % (P < 0,001) lower than the base generation. Thus, in the current environments of CJSC “Konstantinovo” high-blooded animals of Holstein breed do not suffi ciently realize the genetic potential, and the increase in productivity is associated with the loss of milk due to the decrease in the duration of economic use of animals. Based on this, we propose at the present stage to suspend the upgrading crossbreeding and return to the using Holsteinized sires domestic selection with the part of Holstein breed blood of 75 to 85 %.


Author(s):  
G. Rodionov ◽  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
L. Tabakova ◽  
G. Tabakov ◽  
A. Olesyuk ◽  
...  

When production of milk in industrial volumes it is necessary to monitor all processes aff ecting its quantity and quality: animal feeding, breeding, mode and method of milking, herd reproduction, labour organization in the dairy complex, creating favorable conditions for cows that correspond to physiological characteristics. The dairy industry continues to impose higher and higher demands on milk, so in addition to improving the milk productivity of cows, we must not forget about the quality of the product. The issues of milk yield of cows, fat and protein, yield of milk fat and protein, somatic cells in milk of cows of Black-and-White breed for a number of lactations in terms of the dairy complex “Ryzhovo” have been considered in the article. It has been noted be researches that in the 1st and 2nd lactations milk yield of animals was 10 621 and 10 553 kg, respectively. The highest productivity of the cows has reached in the 3rd and 4th lactations 11 365 and 11 655 kg, respectively, after which, in the 5th lactation there was a decrease in milk yield to 10 592 kg. When considering fat content for diff erent lactations, positive dynamics up to the 4th lactation inclusive has been revealed. Thus, the fat content in milk for the 1st lactation was 3,61 %, for 2nd – 3,68 %, for 3rd – 3,93 % and 4th – 4,00 %. In the 5th lactation fat content decreased to 3,78 %. It has been found when calculating the yield of milk fat in experimental cows for lactation that up to the 4th lactation inclusive the indicator increases: for the 1st lactation received 383 kg of milk fat, 2nd – 388 kg, 3rd – 447 kg, 4th – 466 kg, and for the 5th lactation, the decrease in the index to 400 kg. At the same time the yield of milk fat for the 5th lactation exceeds the 1st and 2nd. The protein content in the milk of cows of diff erent ages during the fi rst four lactations increases from 3,18 to 3,43 %. Then, in the 5th lactation there is the decrease in protein content to 3,35 %, however, this fi gure is second only to the highest the 4th lactation. It has been established that before the 3rd lactation the number of somatic cells in milk increases, then in the 4th lactation this indicator decreases (151,25 thousand/cm3 ) and in the 5th lactation reaches a maximum (242,27 thousand/cm3).


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (86) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
V.S. Buyarov ◽  
◽  
A.R. Lyashuk ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  

This article provides a comparative analysis of indicators of milk productivity and quality of the main lines of the Holstein breed cows in one of the pedigree reproducers of the Orel region – "ES "Streletskoye". Among the three evaluated lines, the best results were shown by Reflection Sovereign first-calf heifers, which exceeded in milk yield the first-calf heifers of the Montvi􀉫 Chieftain line by 13.6% and the first-calf heifers of the Vis Back Ideal line by 42.3% (P≤0.001). Milk production coefficients of first-calf heifers of the Montvi􀉫 Chieftain and Reflection Sovereign lines exceeded those of the Vis Back Ideal line by 27.1% and 42.0% (P ≤ 0.001). In turn, Reflection Sovereign first-calf heifers also exceeded first-calf heifers of the Montvi􀉫 Chieftain line by 11.7% (P ≤ 0.001). Similar results were obtained for the second and third lactations. In terms of AMF and AMP, the Montvi􀉫 Chieftain and Reflection Sovereign cows significantly exceeded Vis Back Ideal cows in 305 days of each of the first three lactations. In turn, Reflection Sovereign first-calf heifers outperformed the AMF and AMP of Montvi􀉫 Chieftain first-calf heifers. The highest positive correlation coefficients between the amount of milk fat and milk yield for 305 days of lactation were found in cows of the Vis Back Ideal line - from 0.36 to 0.90 (P≤0.05–0.001). Concerning the correlation between the amount of milk protein and milk yield for 305 days of lactation, cows of all studied groups showed high levels of interdependence, characterized by a high degree of reliability - from 0.45 to 0.99 (P≤0.01– 0.001). The total cost of base fat milk produced in 305 days of the first three lactations by Montvi􀉫 Chieftain and Reflection Sovereign cows (per head) exceeded the cost of milk produced by Vis Back Ideal cows by 87.7 and 144.1 thousand rubles, respectively.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1202-1209
Author(s):  
Vadim Aleksandrovich Ulyanov ◽  
Bakhyt Zhanaidarovna Kubekova ◽  
Indira Saltanovna Beishova ◽  
Alena Valentinovna Belaya ◽  
Natalya Vladimirovna Papusha

Background and Aim: The market demand for the quality of milk and dairy products, in particular in terms of such indicators as fat content, the amount and composition of milk protein, etc., is growing. Thus, the need for the selection of dairy herds using genetic markers associated with qualitative traits of milk productivity is becoming urgent. This study aimed to determine the preferred and undesirable genotypes of the AluI polymorphism of the growth hormone gene and SnaBI polymorphism of the insulin-like growth factor-1 gene associated with milk productivity and quality indicators of the black-and-white breed. The genotypes of animals were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Materials and Methods: Samples of the black-and-white breed from Kazakhstan served as the research subjects. The polymorphism of the growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 genes was determined by PCR-RFLP. The relationship of bGH-AluI and bIGF-1-SnaBI polymorphisms with productivity was assessed (fat, protein, and milk yield for 305 days of lactation, live weight, somatic cells, and milk production coefficient) by analysis of variance using Statistica 6.0 software. Results: The black-and-white cows with the bGH-AluILV genotype had significantly higher milk yield in 305 days (3174.5±157.2 kg) than those with the bGH-AluILL (2940.0±152.6 kg) and bGH-AluIVV genotypes (2964.0±36.0; p<0.05). The milk fat content of cows with genotypes bGH-AluILV and bGH-AluILL (121.8±6.5 and 120.6±10.2, respectively) was significantly higher than those with bGH-AluIVV genotype (109.8±10.8; p<0.05). The black-and-white cows with the bGH-AluILV genotype (96.7±5.3) had significantly more milk protein than those with the bGH-AluILL (90.3±5.6) and bGH-AluIVV (86.9±4.6) genotypes (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the indicators of milk productivity of cows with different genotypes of bIGF-1-SnaBI polymorphism. Conclusion: The results showed that the bGH-AluILV genotype was preferred for the black-and-white breed. The study demonstrated that genotype determined the relevant qualities, while the conditions of feeding, maintenance, and industrial technology provided the manifestation of this genotype. Thus, cows of the same (Wis Burke Ideal) line, having common ancestors in close (IV–V) ranks but living in different farming conditions, had large differences in milk productivity level. The variation was 2046 kg or 67.6% of milk per lactation.


Author(s):  
Х.А. АМЕРХАНОВ ◽  
Г.В. РОДИОНОВ ◽  
Л.П. ТАБАКОВА ◽  
А.П. ОЛЕСЮК ◽  
В.В. БОШЛЯКОВА ◽  
...  

Проведено комплексное исследование морфофункциональных особенностей молочной железы коров черно-пестрой и ярославской пород с разным уровнем молочной продуктивности в условиях крестьянско-фермерского хозяйства Московской области. Рассмотрены молочная продуктивность, морфологические и функциональные свойства вымени подопытных животных, гистологическая структура молочной железы. Отмечено, что у коров черно-пестрой породы количество молочного жира за лактацию составило 256 кг, а у ярославской породы — 233 кг. Показатель коэффициента молочности составил у черно-пестрых животных 1180 кг, а у коров ярославской породы — 1132кг. При анализе лактационных кривых было выявлено, что у подопытных коров обеих групп наивысший суточный удой получен на 2-м и 3-м мес лактации. Так, коэффициент постоянства лактации у коров черно-пестрой породы составил 88,7%, ярославской — 73,5%. При взятии промеров установлено, что по длине задние соски вымени черно-пестрых коров не соответствуют требованиям технологического отбора, а по диаметру сосков обе группы имеют оптимальные показатели. Время доения черно-пестрых животных составило 12,76±0,92 мин, ярославских — 11,45±0,94 мин. По индексу вымени у коров черно-пестрой породы показатели выше, чем у животных ярославской породы на 6,22%. Площадь паренхимы вымени составляет 81,4%, стромы 18,6%, у черно-пестрых особей, тогда как у ярославских на долю железистой ткани приходится 66%, соединительной — 34%. На основании проведенных исследований для повышения продуктивности стада желательно увеличить поголовье черно-пестрых животных и использовать инновационные методы, направленные на повышение качественных показателей молочной продуктивности коров ярославской породы. Complex study of morphological and functional characteristics of the mammary gland of black-and-white and yaroslavskaya breeds of cows with different levels of milk productivity under conditions of a peasant farm from Moscow region has been conducted. Milk productivity, morphological and functional properties of the udder of the animals, histological structure of the mammary gland have been observed. It has been noted that cows of black-and-white breed produced 256 kg of milk fat during lactation, cows of yaroslavskaya breed – 233 kg of milk fat. Milk productivity coefficient indicator for black-and-white breed was 1180 kg, 1132 kg for yaroslavskaya breed. Analysisof lactation curves of the cows studied has revealed that animals from both groups had the highest daily milk yield at the 2nd and 3rd months of lactation. The coefficient of lactation consistency of black-and-white cows has reached 88.7%,yaroslavskaya breed — 73.5%. Measurements taken has revealed that the length of the rear teatsof black-and-white cows did not meet the requirements of technological selection, at the  same time both groups had optimaldiameter of the teat indicators. Milking time for black-and-white cows has reached 12.76±0.92 minutes, for yaroslavskaya breed — 11.45 ± 0.94 minutes. According to the udder index, animals of black-and-white breed had higher indicator than that of the other group, by 6.22%. Cows of black-and-white breed had udder tissue consisting of 81.4% parenchyma and 18.6% stroma, while that of yaroslavskaya breed consisted of 66% glandular tissue, 34% connective tissue. Based on conducted studies it could be concluded, that it is preferable to increase the amount of black-and-white cows in the herd and to use innovative methods for increasing milk productivity of yaroslavskaya breed cows, in order to achieve higher milk productivity of entire herd.


Author(s):  
Л.Р. ЗАГИДУЛЛИН ◽  
Р.Р. ШАЙДУЛЛИН ◽  
Т.М. АХМЕТОВ ◽  
С.В. ТЮЛЬКИН ◽  
А.Б. МОСКВИЧЕВА

Изучена взаимосвязь аллельных вариантов генов пролактина и соматотропина с показателями молочной продуктивности коров черно-пестрой породы по 1 и 3 лактации. У первотелок, как и у полновозрастных животных,  наиболее высокий удой (4642 и 6240 кг), количество молочного жира (174,1 и 215,0 кг) и молочного белка (149,0 и 182,5 кг) достигнуты в группе с генотипом PRL АА. По массовой доле жира и белка в молоке коровы с генотипом PRL ВВ достоверно превосходили животных с генотипом PRL АА на 0,12% (Р<0,05) и 0,05% (Р<0,05) соответственно. По гену соматотропина наибольший уровень молочной продуктивности выявлен у коров с генотипом GH LL при достоверном преимуществе над GH VV у первотелок по удою на 439 кг (Р<0,01), выходу молочного жира — на 13,6 кг (Р<0,001), выходу молочного белка — на 15,3 кг (Р<0,01). У полновозрастных коров превышение над остальными группами было только по удою — на 219—548 кг (Р<0,05). Наибольшая жирномолочность характерна животным с генотипом GH VV по 1 лактации — 3,83% и по 3 лактации — 3,82%, а лучшая белковомолочность — коровам, имеющим аллель V гена GH:  3,21 и 3,23% соответственно. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о более высоком уровне молочной продуктивности у коров с генотипом PRL АА и GH LL, но лучшая жирномолочность и белковомолочность отмечены у особей, имеющих в своем генотипе аллели В гена PRL и V гена GH. The interrelation of allelic variants of prolactin and somatotropin genes with indicators of milk productivity of black-and-white cows for the 1st and 3rd lactation was studied. The highest milk yield (4642 and 6240 kg) amount of milk fat (174.1 and 215.0 kg) and milk protein (149.0 and 182.5 kg) were in the group with the PRL AA genotype in first-calf heifers as well as in full-age animals. In terms of the mass fraction of fat and protein of milk, the cows with the PRL BB genotype significantly exceeded animals with the PRL AA genotype by 0.12% (P<0.05) and 0.05% (P<0.05), respectively. According to the somatotropin gene, the highest level of milk productivity was revealed in cows with the GH LL genotype with a significant advantage over GH VV in first-calf heifers in milk yield by 439 kg (P<0.01), milk fat yield by 13.6 kg (P<0.001), milk protein yield by 15.3 kg (P<0.01). The excess over the other groups in full-age cows was only in terms of milk yield that was by 219-548 kg (P<0.05). The highest protein content of milk is a characteristic of animals with the GH VV genotype, 3.83% is for the 1st lactation and 3.82% is for the 3rd lactation, and the best protein content of milk in cows with V allele of the GH gene is 3.21 and 3.23%, respectively. The obtained data  indicated a higher level of milk productivity in cows with the PRL AA and GH LL genotypes but the best fat and milk content was noted in cows with alleles B of the PRL gene and V of the GH gene in their genotype.


2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
A. G. Kolchev

The results of the study of milk productivity and lactation rates of fi rst-calf cows are presented. The research into fi rst-calf cows of black-andwhite Holstein breed, belonging to sire lines of Wis Ideal 1013415 and Refl ection Sovereign 198998 was conducted in 2018 in Novosibirsk region. The number of cows under study was 64, the period of the study covered 305 days of lactation. Monitoring of milk production, milk fl ow intensity, fat and protein content was carried out monthly. The research materials were analyzed for groups of cows depending on their sire line and productivity for single and daily milk yield, fat and protein content, and dynamics of milk ejection for the fi rst 3 minutes of milking. The highest daily milk yield in both lines was observed in the second month of lactation. In the fourth and fi fth months of lactation, the average daily milk yield of Refl ection Sovereign cows was signifi cantly higher (р < 0.001) than that of their peers of the Vis Ideal line, by 1.3 kg. During the lactation period, the productivity of the Vis Ideal and Refl ection Sovereign cows was almost the same: milk yield – 8296 and 8220 kg, fat content – 4.02 and 4.06%, protein – 3.36 and 3.35% and milk fl ow intensity – 2.70 and 2.78 kg/min, respectively. In the second and third months of lactation, cows of both lines had a decrease in the content of fat, protein and intensity of milk fl ow with a gradual increase in these indices in the fourth and fi fth months of lactation. First-calf cows of the black-and-white breed of Canadian selection of different sire lines showed a high level of milk productivity and proved to be suitable for further breeding work.


Author(s):  
A. S. Durov ◽  
V. S. Deeva

The assessment of black-and-white, red steppe, and Simmental cattle, differentiated by milk fat was carried out. Three groups were formed: selection, production and marriage. The selection parameters are calculated using the standard deviation. The calculated parameters of selection of animals of the breeding group for milk fat in adult black-and-white cows are at least 179 kg, red steppe - 186, Simmental breed from the Novosibirsk region - 143, the Republic of Khakassia - 176 kg. Cows of the red steppe breeding group are leading in productivity. Their milk fat index is 216.8 kg (P ≥ 0.95). In animals of the black-and-white breed, the milk fat productivity is 193.2 kg. In the Simmental Republic of Khakassia it is 193.8, in the Novosibirsk region - 163.5 kg. Analysis of interbreed differences in cows of breeding groups shows that animals of the black-and-white breed surpass their peers in chest width behind the shoulder blades, milk yield and milk production index. Animals of the red steppe breed are the best in milk fat, live weight, width in shanks, oblique body length, oblique rear length, chest girth, milk fat content. Simmental cows bred in the Novosibirsk region lead over their peers in height at the withers, and Simmental cows in Khakassia - in height at the sacrum, chest depth, cannon girth, assessment of the exterior. Evaluation of the production groups of animals for milk fat allows to note that the selection group of the black-and-white breed, despite the superiority in milk yield, is inferior to the peers of the red steppe and Simmental in terms of the evaluated character. However, the cows of the black-and-white breed of the production group surpass their peers in milk fat and most other signs. The formation of breeding groups for milk fat enables to note the consolidation of the black-and-white breed in terms of productive and exterior characteristics. The Red Steppe and Simmental breeds have a high potential for improvement. These breeding groups are worthy of competing with the contemporaries of the black-andwhite breed in milk fat productivity.


2021 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
K. Zh. Zhumanov ◽  
T. N. Karymsakov ◽  
M. A. Kineev ◽  
A. D. Baimukanov

The relevance of research. Currently the methodological base for assessing the breeding qualities of bulls-producers of dairy and milk-meat breeds by the quality of offspring is carried out in accordance with the Instruction approved by the MA of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2007. The principle of assessment, set out in the Instruction, is to compare the phenotypic indicators of the offspring with each other according to the principle of “peer daughter”. Although this document was approved already in the XXI century, nevertheless the basic approaches, which were put the basis, were developed in the first half of the last century and currently do not correspond to modern scientific principles. At the same time the world leaders in the field of breeding in dairy cattle breeding have been successfully using the BLUP method in breeding practice to assess the breeding qualities of animals for decades. This principle of assessing the breeding value of bulls is the most theoretically grounded and allows you to obtain results comparable to each other. Therefore the development and optimization of the equations of mixed BLUP models is extremely relevant for the conditions of the Republic of Kazakhstan from both scientific and practical points of view.Material and research methods. The material of the research was the data on the phenotypic indicators of the signs of milk productivity of first-calf cows of the Holstein black-and-white breed obtained from the republican database of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2016-2017. As a criterion for choosing the best equation the residual variance values of each model under study were used.Results: when improving the method for assessing bulls-sires of the Holstein black-and-white breed according to the quality of offspring, out of the four studied equations of the mixed BLUP model one equation was optimized to assess the breeding qualities of the sires. In principle, to assess the breeding qualities of producers by the quality of offspring it is possible to use any of the models under consideration, since the established differences for all analyzed characteristics of milk productivity are insignificant (no more than 6%)


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
L. L. Petrukhina ◽  
S. L. Belozertseva

The materials of the long-term (2008–2018) research into the reproductive function of cattle of the black-and-white breed of Baikal type in Irkutsk region are presented. The influence of the age at the first insemination and live weight on cows’ milk productivity, lifelong productivity and productive longevity was studied. The experiment was conducted on the basis of materials from the breeder-farm for breeding cattle of Baikal type on the groups of cows of different ages: up to 14–20 months and older. Cows inseminated at 16 months (7917 kg) had the best milk yield in the first lactation. The largest milk yield was obtained from inseminated cows with live weight of 401-410 kg. Milk production of these heifers was 7902 kg in the first lactation, 8792 kg – in the second and 8710 kg – in the third. It was revealed that age of cows and their live weight at the first successful insemination had a positive effect on the lifelong productivity and productive longevity of cows. Cows whose age at the first successful insemination was 15 or 16 months had a longer duration of productive use (productive life span of animals was 2561–2558 days, respectively). The highest lifelong productivity (34379–34585 kg) was obtained from the cows of this group. The economic efficiency of lifelong milk production was determined depending on the age of the first insemination. The highest lifelong milk productivity was obtained from cows, which were first inseminated at the age of 15–16 months. The largest revenue from sales of additional products was also received from the cows of this group (366,058–370,480 roubles per head). The results obtained allow to develop effective methods for increasing reproductive capacity of cattle.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document