scholarly journals A Study of Prevalence of Aerobic Bacteria and Fungi in Sputum Specimens of Patients with Post Tubercular Bronchiectasis

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Gattu Suresh Kumar ◽  
Sabinkar Babu Lal ◽  
M. Laxmikanth
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
One Year

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Patients with Post TB bronchiectasis colonize many aerobic bacteria and fungi and lead to an increase in exacerbations and decrease in quality of life.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> To study the prevalence of aerobic bacteria and fungi in sputum specimens of patients with post tubercular bronchiectasis and to find out the local antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This prospective observational study was carried out over a period of one year comprising of 50 patients with post Tubercular Bronchiectasis who were above 18 yrs, completed ATT smear negative and HRCT showing bronchiectactic changes. Identification of organisms from sputum samples were done by classical aerobic microbial staining and culture methods. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was carried out in this study.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> This study comprises of the 50 patients with a larger group of individuals under the age group of 51-60 (30%), along with bronchial colonization of aerobic bacteria being 78% and growth of fungi being 2%.Among the 39 patients,16 patients (32%) had grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 12 patients(24%) had grown Klebsiella pneumoniae, 8 patients(16%) had grown Streptococcus species and rest 3 patients(6%) had grown staphylococcus species. The Antibiotic resistance noted highest being Amikacin (56.4%), piperacillin-tazobactam showing the least (2.6%) and highest sensitivity with imipenem(100%).</p><p><strong> Conclusion:</strong> This study signifies that prevalence of aerobic bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia was common in patients with post tubercular bronchiectasis. The Antibiotic resistance noted highest being Amikacin (56.4%) and sensitivity with imipenem(100%). In patients colonizing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, there was significant decline in lung function.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of microbial isolates isolated from external ear canal of sheep and their susceptibility to antibiotics

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0E) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Sahar Mahdi Hayyawi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
One Year

One hundred sheep with bilateral otitis externa were studied one year and a half .Theexudates of both external ears obtained using sterile swabs, and microorganisms were isolatedaccording to standard microbiological techniques. There was bacterial and fungal growth inmany of the samples. The total numbers of isolates from right ear was 104 , and the mostcommon pathogens isolated in right ear were Staphylococcus aureus 30.76 % , thenStaphylococcus epidermidis 9.61% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9.61 % while E.coli ,Proteus mirabilis and Streptococcus pyogenes were 7.69% for each of them , Candidaalbicans 5.76% , Klebsiella pneumonia 3.84% ,Nocardia spp 3.84% , Pasteurella multucida3.84% ,Mannheimia haemolytica 3.84% , Aspergillus spp. 3.84 % and Streptomyces spp.1.23% . The total number of isolates from left ear was 96 ,the most pathogens wereStaphylococcus aureus 27.08% while Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12.5% and Streptococcuspyogenes were 12.5% , Klebsiella pneumonia 8.33 % and Proteus mirabilis 8.33 % ,Staphylococcus epidermidis , Nocardia spp 6.25 % , then Streptomyces spp , Pasteurellamultucida and Mannheimia haemolytica were 4.16% , the last E.coli , Aspergillus spp andCandida albicans were 2.08 % for each of them . The result were showed significantdifferences at level P ˂0.05 between bacteria and fungi isolates, and have no significantdifferences at level P˃ 0.05 between right and left ear . High susceptible rates of grampositive Staphylococcus aureus to (Amoxicillin + Clavulaunic acid) and Chloramphenicolwere 100 % , while high susceptible rates of gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa was90.90 % to Ciprofloxacin, (Amoxicillin+ Clavulaunic acid) and Chloramphenicol .

scholarly journals Predominance of Bacterial Flora Causing Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Following Tracheostomy in Patients of Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chennai, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (35) ◽  
pp. 2964-2968
Author(s):  
Swetha Thirumurthi ◽  
Priya Kanagamuthu ◽  
Rajasekaran Srinivasan ◽  
Bhalaji Dhanasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Empirical Antibiotics ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Research Institute

BACKGROUND The term tracheostomy refers to forming an opening in the trachea.1,2 Its advantages include easy and direct access to lower respiratory tract, reduced risk of aspiration, faster weaning from ventilation support and improved physical and psychological comfort. But a common problem in tracheostomised patients is increased risk of colonisation of lower respiratory tract by exogenous bacteria because of direct exposure.1,3 This study was done to recognise pathogens in tracheal secretions collected from tracheostomised patients and their antibiotic sensitivity to treat them with appropriate antibiotics. METHODS This prospective study was done in 138 tracheostomised patients from October 2020 to March 2021 in intensive care unit (ICU) of Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute. Under sterile aseptic precautions, Day 0 and Day 7 cultures posttracheostomy was obtained and their antibiotic sensitivity was studied. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 19) and presented in proportion, mean and standard deviation (Descriptive statistics). RESULTS In this study, of the 56 cases who had growth in their culture and sensitivity reports on day 0, the most common organism was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33.9 %) sensitive to imipenem (94.7 %) followed by klebsiella (25 %) sensitive to teicoplanin, vancomycin, amikacin, cefoperazone/tazobactam, linezolid and piperacillin/tazobactam. On day 7, the growth of organisms isolated in tracheal culture got reduced from 56 cases to 16 cases. The prevalence of Pseudomonas reduced to 18.8 % in day 7 whereas Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter remained almost same from day 0 to day 7. CONCLUSIONS This study concludes the predominant pathogen as Pseudomonas aeruginosa with sensitivity to imipenem followed by Klebsiella with sensitivity to teicoplanin, vancomycin, amikacin, cefoperazone/tazobactam, linezolid and piperacillin/tazobactam on day 0 with reduction in the number of organisms on day 7 due to the fact that all our patients were admitted in ICU several days prior to tracheostomy and were started on antibiotics soon after admission as per choice of the treating physician. Hence, a clear understanding of bacterial colonisation post tracheostomy and its change in course is essential for timely intervention with empirical antibiotics for reducing the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections after tracheostomy in future. KEY WORDS Tracheostomy, Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Empirical Antibiotics.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Salmonella Species Isolated from Goat Feces in Sylhet District of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-401
Author(s):  
Md. Abdus Sabur ◽  
Mouri Rani Das ◽  
Md Bashir Uddin ◽  
Md. Mahfujur Rahman ◽  
Md. Rafiqu Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pcr Techniques

The present study aimed at the molecular detection of Salmonella species from feces of goats and the characterization of the isolated Salmonella by biochemical and antimicrobial sensitivity techniques. A total of 220 goat feces samples were collected, of which 27 (12.27%) were positive for Salmonella by conventional culture methods and 20 (9.09%) by biochemical and PCR techniques. The prevalence was higher in goats under one year of age (20%), compared to older animals aged one to two years (7.8%) and more than two years of age (4.7%), respectively. Moreover, the prevalence of diarrheic goats was significantly higher (38.46%) than healthy animals (2.76%). DNA was extracted from Salmonella strains and amplified by PCR using the specific primers of Salmonella invasion gene (invA gene). The antibiotic sensitivity test indicated that Ciprofloxacin (100 percent sensitivity), Gentamycin (100 percent sensitivity), and Neomycin (100 percent sensitivity) were the most effective antibiotics for the majority of Salmonella isolates. On the other hand, Salmonella isolates were found to have substantially high resistance to Erythromycin (100%), Amoxicillin (100%), Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (81.48%), Streptomycin (62.96%), and Tetracycline (55.56 percent). Since the rate of Salmonella carriers was relatively high, eating goat meat could increase the risk of foodborne salmonellosis.

scholarly journals Phage steering of antibiotic-resistance evolution in the bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Gurney ◽  
Léa Pradier ◽  
Joanne S Griffin ◽  
Claire Gougat-Barbera ◽  
Benjamin K Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Phage Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Trade Off

Abstract Background and objectives Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global concern and has spurred increasing efforts to find alternative therapeutics. Bacteriophage therapy has seen near constant use in Eastern Europe since its discovery over a century ago. One promising approach is to use phages that not only reduce bacterial pathogen loads but also select for phage resistance mechanisms that trade-off with antibiotic resistance—so called ‘phage steering’. Methodology Recent work has shown that the phage OMKO1 can interact with efflux pumps and in so doing select for both phage resistance and antibiotic sensitivity of the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We tested the robustness of this approach to three different antibiotics in vitro (tetracycline, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin) and one in vivo (erythromycin). Results We show that in vitro OMKO1 can reduce antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa (Washington PAO1) even in the presence of antibiotics, an effect still detectable after ca.70 bacterial generations in continuous culture with phage. Our in vivo experiment showed that phage both increased the survival times of wax moth larvae (Galleria mellonella) and increased bacterial sensitivity to erythromycin. This increased antibiotic sensitivity occurred both in lines with and without the antibiotic. Conclusions and implications Our study supports a trade-off between antibiotic resistance and phage sensitivity. This trade-off was maintained over co-evolutionary time scales even under combined phage and antibiotic pressure. Similarly, OMKO1 maintained this trade-off in vivo, again under dual phage/antibiotic pressure. Our findings have implications for the future clinical use of steering in phage therapies. Lay Summary: Given the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection, new approaches to treatment are urgently needed. Bacteriophages (phages) are bacterial viruses. The use of such viruses to treat infections has been in near-continuous use in several countries since the early 1900s. Recent developments have shown that these viruses are not only effective against routine infections but can also target antibiotic resistant bacteria in a novel, unexpected way. Similar to other lytic phages, these so-called ‘steering phages’ kill the majority of bacteria directly. However, steering phages also leave behind bacterial variants that resist the phages, but are now sensitive to antibiotics. Treatment combinations of these phages and antibiotics can now be used to greater effect than either one independently. We evaluated the impact of steering using phage OMKO1 and a panel of three antibiotics on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important pathogen in hospital settings and in people with cystic fibrosis. Our findings indicate that OMKO1, either alone or in combination with antibiotics, maintains antibiotic sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo, giving hope that phage steering will be an effective treatment option against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Bacteriological profile and sensitivity pattern of neonatal sepsis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
Rowshan Jahan Akhter ◽  
Md Mahbubul Hoque ◽  
BH Nazma Yasmeen ◽  
MAK Azad Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Introduction : Neonatal sepsis remains an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in NICU setup and a major challenge for the neonatologists. The prevalent organisms and their antibiotic resistance patterns evolve with time and with the usage of antimicrobials.Aims and Objectives : To analyze the bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance patterns of proven neonatal sepsis cases in Dhaka Shishu Hospital.Materials and Methods : The study was Prospective observational study. All the clinically suspected cases of Neonatal Sepsis admitted to the Neonatal word from January 2015 to December 2015 were included in the study. Clinically suspected cases of neonatal sepsis further evaluated with blood cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Data was collected for the following variables: Demographic profile, haematological profile, blood culture result and antibiotic sensitivity patterns.Results : Total 96 cases clinically suspected neonatal sepsis were included in the study. Among them 29 cases (30.21%) was culture positive septicemia. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common isolate accounting for 31.03% cases followed by Escherichia coli 27.59%. In Klebsiella infection most common sensitivity were Imipenum and Ciprofloxacin which were 77.78 and 33.33% respectively. In E.coli common sensitive drugs were Imipenum and Amikacin. In serratia common sensitive drugs were Imipenum, Netlmicin and Ciprofloxacin.Conclusion : K. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen. Most common sensitivity was Imipenum, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Netlmicin, and Ceftazidime,.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.8(1) July 2016: 174-177

scholarly journals Correlation of biofilm production with antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from various clinical specimens

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
M Swapna ◽  
G Sumathi ◽  
M Anitha
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most prevalent nosocomial pathogens that cause a life-threatening infection. One of the important characteristics of P. aeruginosa is biofilm formation which leads to antibiotic resistance. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the antibiotic resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa isolates and correlation with their biofilm-production. Materials and Methods: A total of 87 P. aeruginosa isolates from different clinical specimens were processed and confirmed by conventional microbiological methods as per standard methodology. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done for all isolates. Biofilm producing isolates were identified by the microtiter plate method (MTPM). Results: Of 87 P. aeruginosa isolates, majority were from pus 33 (38%), followed by urine 26 (30%), sputum 19 (22%), body fluids 7 (8%), and blood 2 (2%). Biofilm producing isolates showed more resistance in comparison to non-biofilm producers. The observed difference between biofilm formation for multidrug resistant and susceptible isolates was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: MTPM method was an effective test for detection of biofilm formation and was also able to verify biofilm production by P. aeruginosa. This indicated a higher propensity among the clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa to form biofilm and revealed a positive correlation between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. This indicates the need for testing of even susceptible isolates for virulence factors such as biofilm production.

scholarly journals The Impact of Apple Variety and the Production Methods on the Antibacterial Activity of Vinegar Samples

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5437
Author(s):  
Mohammed Kara ◽  
Amine Assouguem ◽  
Omkulthom Mohamed Al kamaly ◽  
Safaâ Benmessaoud ◽  
Hamada Imtara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Apple Variety ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Golden Delicious

Apple vinegar is a natural product widely used in food and traditional medicine as it contains many bioactive compounds. The apple variety and production methods are two factors that play a major role in determining the quality of vinegar. Therefore, this study aims to determine the quality of apple vinegar samples from different varieties (Red Delicious, Gala, Golden Delicious, and Starking Delicious) prepared by three methods using small apple pieces, apple juice, and crushed apple, through determining the physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity of these samples. The antibacterial activity was studied against five pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli (ATB: 57), Escherichia coli (ATB: 97), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using two methods, disk diffusion and microdilution, for determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations and the minimum bactericidal concentrations. The results of this study showed that the lowest pH value was 3.6 for Stark Delicious, obtained by liquid fermentation, and the highest acetic acid values were 4.7 and 4% for the vinegar of Red Delicious and Golden Delicious, prepared by solid fermentation, respectively. The results of the antibacterial activity showed considerable activity of apple vinegar on the tested strains. Generally, the Staphylococcus aureus strain appears less sensitive and Pseudomonas aeruginosa seems to be very sensitive against all samples, while the other strains have distinct sensitivities depending on the variety studied and the method used. A higher antibacterial activity was found in vinegar obtained by the apple pieces method and the Red Delicious variety, with a low MIC and MBC recorded, at 1.95 and 3.90 µL/mL, respectively. This study has shown that the choice of both apple variety and production method is therefore an essential step in determining and aiming for the desired quality of apple vinegar.

scholarly journals Molecular Characteristics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients attending Healthcare Facilities in Mthatha, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojisola C. Hosu ◽  
Sandeep D. Vasaikar ◽  
Grace E. Okuthe ◽  
teke apalata
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen causing healthcare-associated infections most especially in critically ill and immunocompromised patients. This pathogen poses a public health threat due to its innate resistance to many antimicrobial agents and its ability to acquire new resistance mechanisms under pressure. Infections with Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)‑producing isolates result into outbreaks that lead to serious antibiotic management concerns with higher mortality and morbidity and significant economic causatives. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial resistance patterns and characterized genetically the ESBLs and Metallo- β-lactamases (MBL) produced by this pathogen. Methods: Isolates of P. aeruginosa cultured from patients who attended Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital and other clinics in the four district municipalities of the Eastern Cape between August 2017 and May 2019 were identified; and their antibiotic resistance patterns were tested against amikacin, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, doripenem, gentamicin, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam and tobramycin using the bioMérieux VITEK® 2 and confirmed by Beckman autoSCAN-4 System. Real-time PCR was done using Roche Light Cycler 2.0 to detect the presence of ESBLs; blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes; and MBLs; blaIMP, blaVIM. Results: High antibiotic resistance in decreasing order was observed in piperacillin (64.2%), aztreonam (57.8%), cefepime (51.5%), ceftazidime (51.0%), piperacillin/tazobactam (50.5%), and imipenem (46.6%). A total of 75 (36.8%) multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates were observed of the total pool of isolates. The blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M was detected in 79.3%, 69.5% and 31.7% isolates (n=82), respectively. The blaIMP was detected in 1.25% while no blaVIM was detected in any of the isolates tested. Conclusions: The study showed a high rate of MDR P. aeruginosa in our setting. The vast majority of these resistant isolates carried blaTEM and blaSHV genes. Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and strict compliance towards infection prevention and control practices are the best defence against spread of MDR P. aeruginosa.

Antibiotic resistance and bacteriophages commercial drugs susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
D. A. Sedova ◽  
A. S. Kaljuzhin ◽  
Juliya Alexandrovna Romanovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Degree

The article provides information about hemolytic activity, susceptibility to different groups of antibiotics and bacteriophages commercial drugs of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains. The analysis of the obtainedresults showed a high degree of hemolytic activity dissemination among Pseudomonas aeruginosa (78,60 % of strains), as well as their high resistance to cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, azithromycin and tetracycline (82,14–100 % of resistant strains). K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were resistant to cefazolin, azithromycin, and the nitrofuran group (66,67–81,48 %). In turn, specific phagolysates for treatment deseases of K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa etiology showed the greatest efficiency against both groups of microorganisms among the studied commercial preparations of bacteriophages.

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