Sistem Perbankan Islam di Indonesia: Sejarah dan Prospek Pengembangan

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Suryani Suryani

Islamic banking or sharia banking is a new phenomenon in the modern worldeconomy, its emergence as the intense efforts made by Islamic scholars in the development of Islamic economics in which it will be able to replace theconventional economic system based on the interest to the interest-freesystem. That’s why sharia banking system apply an interest-free system inoperation. Therefore, the closest term to define sharia banking is a bank that operates based on Islamic sharia principles, by reference to the Al-Quran and Sunnah as the basis or the legal and operational basis. Islamic banks were originally developed from the response of some economists and practitioners of Islamic banking that seek to accommodate pressure from various parties who want to make available services of the financial transactions carried out in line with moral values and principles of Islamic sharia. On his journey, sharia-based banking system is increasingly popular not only in Islamic countries but also western countries, characterized by increasingly the number of banks that implement this concept

Author(s):  
محمود بن محمد علي محمود (Al Mahmoud)

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان الطريقة التي تُطبّق بها منتجات المصارف الإسلامية الماليزيّة، ومعالجة تلك التطبيقات التي أدّت إلى الخلاف بين فقهاء ماليزيا والمشرق الإسلامي. ووضّحت الدراسة محلّ الإختلافات الفقهيّة مُبيّنة أنَّ ما يُثار من مثل هذه الخلافات يتركّز في طريقة تطبيق بعض صور المسائل الإجتهاديّة التي أخذت بها الهيئات الشرعيّة في ماليزيا، وهذه الأساليب في طريقها للترشيد إلى الثواب. وقد اعتمد الباحث على المنهجين الأساسيين وهما: المنهج التحليلي النقدي، والمنهج المقارن بغية الوصول إلى النتائج المرجُوّة. وأخيرًا، قد تحفّظ الباحث على طريقة بعض الأساليب التي تُطبّق بها منتجات المعاملات الماليّة، مُوضّحةً آراء الفقهاء المعاصرين، وحُكم الشرع فيها، مما يلزم النظر فيها ومُراجعة تطبيقها لتنضبط بالضوابط الشرعية. الكلمات المفتاحية: آراء الفقهاء، التورق المنظم، بيع العينة، الدين، المصارف الإسلامية**************************This study aims to describe how Malaysian Islamic banking products are implemented and how some of these implementations lead to disagreement between the Islamic jurists of Malaysia and Islamic East. The study pointed out the areas of juristic differences indicating that these differences are rooted in the process of applying some forms of ijtihÉdÊ issues that are accepted by the Malaysian religious bodies and these methods are in the process of improvement towards accuracy. The researcher maintained reservation on some methods applied in the products of financial transactions; in doing so, the researcher explained the relevant views of contemporary jurists and Share‘ah rulings that require re-consideration and review of their applications in order to modulate them with Share‘ah regulations. The researcher has relied on two primary approaches: critical cum analytical and comparative. Key words: views of jurists, organized Tawarruq, Bay‘ al-‘Aynah, Credit, Islamic banks.


Author(s):  
Saidatolakma bt Mohd Yunus ◽  
Sayed Sikandar Al Haneef ◽  
Zuraidah Kamaruddin ◽  
Mek Wok Mahmud

Abstract Purification of non-halal income (NHI) is the process of deducting non-halal or tainted income deemed unacceptable by Shairaah from the total income generated in Islamic banks. It is undeniable that Shariaah non-compliance events still occur in Islamic banking system considering the fact that Islamic banks have not been able to fully comply with the requirements of Shariaah in their transactions, operations and financial activities. The realization of Shariaah non-compliance events in Islamic banks in some situations involve a financial impact which leads to NHI. All NHI identified must be purified since Islam does not allow any non-halal income to be held, kept and utilized for their own benefits. This paper will give a new insight on purification of NHI by first delineating the concept of mal haram in Islam as well as the Shariaah non-compliant events realized in the banks, with special reference to cases involving Islamic banks in Malaysia. Keywords: Islamic banking, non-halal income, purification, charity, waqf. Abstrak Penyucian pendapatan tidak halal (NHI) adalah proses memisahkan pendapatan tidak halal menurut Syari'ah daripada jumlah keseluruhan pendapatan yang dihasilkan oleh bank Islam. Tidak dapat dinafikan bahawa masih berlaku ketidakpatuhan Syariah dalam sistem perbankan Islam. Ini adalah kerana bank Islam tidak dapat mematuhi sepenuhnya keperluan Syariah dalam transaksi, operasi dan kegiatan kewangan mereka. Kewujudan perkara yang tidak mematuhi Syariah di bank Islam dapat memberi kesan kepada status kewangan yang boleh membawa kepada berlakunya pendapatan haram. Pendapatan tidak halal yang sudah dikenalpasti mesti disucikan kerana Islam tidak membenarkan apa-apa pendapatan tidak halal disimpan dan digunakan untuk faedah mereka sendiri. Kajian ini memberi pandangan baru tentang penyucian pendapatan tidak halal dengan membincangkan konsep harta haram dalam Islam serta perkara-perkara yang tidak patuh syariah yang berlaku di bank-bank Islam di Malaysia. Kata Kunci: Perbankan Islam, pendapatan tidak-halal, Penyucian, Amal, wakaf.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Abbas Said Abubakar ◽  
Dr. Josiah Aduda

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of Islamic banking on investment financing in Islamic banks in Kenya.Methodology: This study employed descriptive survey design. The population of this research consisted of 8 commercial banks offering Shariah compliant products. The study used secondary data for the period 2009 to 2012. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and results were presented in frequency tables and figures. The data was then analyzed in terms of descriptive statistics like frequencies, means and percentages.Results: The study findings indicated that there were various Islamic banking products that Islamic banks used to finance their investments. This included motor vehicle financing, mortgage financing, asset financing, real estate financing, trade financing and SME financing. The study also indicated that there were various modes of financing used by Islamic banking such as profit and loss sharing, Ijara and murahaba. Regression results revealed that motor vehicle financing was statistically significant in explaining loans advanced to customers in Islamic banks.  However mortgage financing, asset financing, real estate financing, trade financing and SME financing were not statistically significant in explaining loans advanced to customers in Islamic banks but they were positively correlated.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that the management of the banks to get well equipped and competent employees on Islamic banking products as most Islamic banks are currently managed by people who have been educated and trained in the conventional banking system. Thus, more time may be required for the unique characteristics of Islamic financial instruments to be completely accepted and understood by both bank personnel and customers. It is also recommended that the terms and conditions of acquiring a loan be made more appealing and considerate for more investors to approach the banks for assistance as the Shari`ah restricts the type of businesses for which Islamic banks can provide financing.


2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Luhur Prasetiyo

<em>Islamic banking system still grows continuously over time in various countries, including Indonesia. Although it was a bit late, if it was compared to another, Islamic banking system began to develop in Indonesia in the early 1990’s. At that time, Islamic banking, however, was still running with its all characteristics based on the rule without adequate law. Islamic banking began to be recognized legally as the legalization of UU Perbankan 1992, and it was followed by its deregulation in 1998, and Islamic banking in Indonesia finally got its full legality after legalization of UU Perbankan Syariah in 2008. UU Perbankan Syariah as a new law certainly has significance for the development of Islamic banking in Indonesia. Based on the BI statistics, Islamic banks, especially Bank Umum Syariah after legalization of UU Perbankan Syariah, has been growing significantly, among in the number of banks, total assets, and total financing. Unfortunately, the growth of PLS (profit and loss sharing) doesn’t occupy a significant position in total financing of Islamic banks, whereas PLS is core system in Islamic banking.</em>


2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Herni Ali HT ◽  
Ali Rama

Abstract: Sharia Banking Performance Index in Southeast Asia Based on the Concept of Maqâshid al-Syarî`ah. Islamic banks as a banking system that carries out Islamic vision in the field of finance and economics should develop a method of measuring performance in accordance with its vision. The vision of Islamic banks can be derived from the vision that chills reversed from the laws of sharia which is called maqâshid al-syarî`ah. Therefore, this study intends to develop methods of measuring the performance of Islamic banking based on the skill maqâshid al-syarî`ah. The maqâshid al-syarî`ah index is an index based on the three main visions of sharia banks, namely individual education (ta’dîb al-fard), justice enforcement (iqâmah al`adl) and welfare encouragement (jalb al-maslâhah). From the vision (dimension) is derived into indicators that are relevant and measurable. This research uses indexing method in calculating maqâshid al-syarî`ah index with case studies of sharia banking that has been operating in Southeast Asia covering Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Singapore, Thailand and Philippines. This tudy found that the majority of sharia banks in Southeast Asia have a low-performance maqâshid al-syarî`ah index. This shows that sharia banking is generally still run based on conventional vision even though it has operated in accordance with sharia principles or sharia compliance. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khoirin Andi

The development of Islamic banking in Indonesia with the complexity of the problem in its journey has shown good results and as a reference for the pattern and strategy for developing financial institutions. Islamic banking with its (the) sharia principles of avoiding usury practices and prioritizing mutual benefits have proven to be a complete banking system. But besides that, additional supervision is needed to ensure the implementation of sharia principles, namely by the existence of a sharia supervisory board (DPS) to implement fatwas as guidelines for the operation of Islamic banks issued by the National Sharia Council (DSN).


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanatun Nisfah Nurun Nikmah ◽  
Tulus Suryanto ◽  
Surono Surono

Evaluation of Dual Banking System in Indonesia. Dual Banking System is the application of two banking systems in one banking institution, namely conventional banking and Islamic banking. Indonesia can optimize the dual banking system through strength share and weakness cover, namely Islamic banks are generally superior in terms of a more stable system in the face of market changes but have deficiencies in infrastructure, whereas conventional banks have large market and capital access and more infrastructure complete, but very vulnerable to crises due to the negative factors of economic integration which are already very strong. The superiority of the dual banking system concept is seen in two separate systems that operationally do not affect each other, but have one common goal, namely financial stability that supports economic growth. So, to achieve this goal the two systems can work together in external factors such as access to capital, infrastructure, supervision or clearing systems that can help interbank liquidity.


2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Ratih Paramitasari

<span>The development of Islamic banking is directed to provide great benefit to society and contribute optimally to the national economy. Islamic banking system and conventional banking system together synergistically supports the mobilization of public funds broadly improve the ability of finance to sectors of national economy. Together with the development of Islamic banking industry in Indonesia, there are many controversies from the community, where most problems highlighted are sticking the label of syariah in Islamic financial institutions are still considered not feasible. Based to these problems, researchers want to conduct this research on the suitability of the annual report disclosure practices of Islamic banks in Indonesia to the reporting standards that reflect the ideal of Islamic Corporate Identity.This study using a checklist for the data analysis consisting of the five themes and the eight dimensions that are should be disclosed in annual reports of Islamic banks. From the results of the assessment aspect of the checklist is then poured in the index EII (ethical identity index). From the calculation of EII, it can be seen that the annual report disclosure practices syariah banks for 2007, 2008, and 2009, has approached the ideal reporting standards that reflect the Islamic Corporate Identity.</span>


2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1151-1158
Author(s):  
Nur Khalidah Dahlan ◽  
Mohd Rizal Palil ◽  
Noor Inayah Yaa‟kub ◽  
Mohamad Abdul Hamid

Malaysia has already known as an Islamic country. In a country of multi-ethnicity, multi-religion and multi-cultural societies, demands a concept of justice and equality that is different from other countries, particularly the ones with homogenous societies. The highest law of the land places Islam, the religion associated with one of the main ethnicity, as the official religion of the nation and allowed the duality of economic system, in particular banking system, whereby conventional banking system exists side-by-side with the Sharia-compliant, Islamic banking. By reviewing the pertinent literature on the development of Islamic banking, the reviewed cases on Islamic banking and its contributions to Malaysian society regardless of ethnicity and religion. The discussion in this paper therefore will be directed towards highlighting the laws and mechanisms of solution on Islamic banking and its implication to enhance the application of Islamic banking laws to consumers regardless of ethnicity and religion, in order to maintaining fairness and justice in a multi-ethnic society


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Ghaemi Asl ◽  
Muhammad Mahdi Rashidi ◽  
Alireza Ghorbani

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of market structure and market share on the performance of the Islamic banks operating in the Iranian banking system based on the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) paradigm. Design/methodology/approach The Iranian Islamic banking system’s market structure is evaluated by using the econometrics method to test the validity of the traditional SCP paradigm. For this purpose, the authors estimate a simple regression model that is consisted of several independent variables, such as the market share, bank size, real gross domestic product, liquidity and Herfindahl-Hirschman index as a proxy variable for concentration and one dependent variable, namely, the profit as a proxy for performance. The panel data includes a data sample of 22 Islamic banks operating from 2006 to 2019. Data are extracted from the balance sheet of Islamic banks and the time-series database of the Central Bank of Iran and World Bank. Findings The study’s findings indicate that both concentration and market share have a positive impact on the performance of banks in the Iranian Islamic banking system. This result is contradicted with both traditional SCP and efficient structure hypotheses; however, it confirms the existence of oligopoly or cartel in the Iranian Islamic banking system that few banks try to gain the highest share of profit and maintain their market share by colluding with each other. This result is in contradiction with other research studies about the market structure in the Iranian banking system that claimed that banks in Iran operate under monopolistic competition. In addition, it shows that the privatization of some banks in Iran does not improve and help competition in the Iranian banking system. Originality/value This paper is a pioneer empirical study analyzing the market structure, concentration and collusion based on the SCP paradigm in Iranian Islamic banking. The results of the study support the existence of collusive behavior among the Islamic bank in Iran that is not aligned with Sharia. This study clearly shows the difference between ideal Islamic banking and Islamic banking in practice in Islamic countries. This clearly indicates that only prohibiting some operations like receiving interest, gambling and bearing excessive risk is not enough. In fact, the Islamic banking system should be based on the Sharia rule in all aspects and much more modification and study have to be done to achieve an appropriate Islamic banking system. These possible modifications to overcome the issues of cartel-like market structure and collusive behavior in the Iranian Islamic banking system include making the Iranian banking system more transparent, letting foreign banks enter the Iranian banking system and minimizing the government intervention in the Iranian banking system.


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