Temporary Workers, (Im)Permanent Labour

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-21
Author(s):  
Melina Emilia Cortina-Castro ◽  
Karen Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Agricultural Worker ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Seasonal Agricultural Workers

The Canadian government co-manages the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) with the governments of Mexico and 11 Caribbean countries. The program brings in over 45,000 people to work on farms and in greenhouses across Canada on a temporary basis. According to a review of the literature, workers’ experiences under the SAWP are mainly characterized by poor living and working conditions, discrimination, and abuse (Binford, 2019; Choudry & Thomas, 2013; Strauss & McGrath, 2017). Using the province of British Columbia (BC) as a case example, this paper explores the lived experiences of Mexican seasonal agricultural workers in BC. In-depth interview data were collected and analyzed from six workers who were recruited using quota and snowball sampling techniques. The findings indicate that workers’ experiences have complex and intersecting political and racialized dimensions. Implications for policy and program changes are discussed.

scholarly journals Good Enough to Work, Not Good Enough to Stay : A Review of the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janna Pushkar
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Temporary Migration ◽  
Citizenship Status ◽  
Agricultural Worker ◽  
Seasonal Agricultural Workers ◽  
Critical Literature

This critical literature review examines the ways in which the agricultural sector in Canada has changed from small family farming to largely mechanized and consolidated farms thus requiring the need for the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP). It also finds that the program was created not only for economic but also for political reasons and it continues to function for both economic and political motivations. Since the program's inception, there has been a shift from permanent to temporary migration in many industries in Canada because foreign temporary workers such as those involved in the SAWP, labour under unfree conditions making them a reliable and disposable workforce. The denial of citizenship status to seasonal agricultural workers serves to maintain their vulnerable position in the Canadian workforce. Finally it is revealed that the program is primarily beneficial for the Canadian Government and Canadian employers. Workers and sending countries receive an economic benefit from the program as well, however this impact is much more significant for the Canadian state.

scholarly journals Health, environment and working conditions in tobacco cultivation: a review of the literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1587-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deise Lisboa Riquinho ◽  
Elida Azevedo Hennington
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Agricultural Worker ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Worker Health ◽  
Tobacco Cultivation ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
The Many

This study presents a review of the literature published between 1979 and 2010 on health and working conditions in tobacco cultivation, with particular emphasis on the Brazilian context. A review of computerized databases (PubMed, Scopus, WilsonWeb and Bireme/PAHO Virtual Health Library - Public Health) was carried out using the following search terms: tobacco, agricultural worker health, agricultural worker disease, working conditions, unsafe working conditions, occupational risk, occupational disease, and labor force. Articles published in English, Spanish and Portuguese were analyzed. Thirty-seven articles were selected from 214 references that were initially identified. Thirty-four additional publications (reports, etc.) were also analyzed. Among the many effects described in the literature, especially noteworthy are "green tobacco sickness," respiratory disorders, musculoskeletal injuries, mental disorders, and a negative environmental impact. Very few studies have been carried out in Brazil.

scholarly journals Pengalaman ibu nifas terhadap budaya dalam perawatan masa nifas

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Agustin Endriyani
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Care Period

The influence of culture to the status of public health could not be ignored, health is an integral part of the culture. Ethnographic research results in health the year 2012 at 12 ethnics in Indonesia show the maternal and child health issues related to health culture is very concern. The purpose of this research is to know the experience of maternal childbirth to culture in the care period of parturition. This research was qualitative research with case studies. In-depth interview data collection methods (in-depth interview). Snowball sampling techniques. Participants in this research were the mother of the parturition is the working relic of clinics Paste. The number of participants that is used in this study is as much as 7 participants. The results of this research obtained 3 themes, namely, the knowledge of the participants towards parturition period care, Influence the culture of the community, treatments against the time of parturition, and family support in the treatment period of parturition.   

scholarly journals Good Enough to Work, Not Good Enough to Stay : A Review of the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janna Pushkar
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Temporary Migration ◽  
Citizenship Status ◽  
Agricultural Worker ◽  
Seasonal Agricultural Workers ◽  
Critical Literature

This critical literature review examines the ways in which the agricultural sector in Canada has changed from small family farming to largely mechanized and consolidated farms thus requiring the need for the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP). It also finds that the program was created not only for economic but also for political reasons and it continues to function for both economic and political motivations. Since the program's inception, there has been a shift from permanent to temporary migration in many industries in Canada because foreign temporary workers such as those involved in the SAWP, labour under unfree conditions making them a reliable and disposable workforce. The denial of citizenship status to seasonal agricultural workers serves to maintain their vulnerable position in the Canadian workforce. Finally it is revealed that the program is primarily beneficial for the Canadian Government and Canadian employers. Workers and sending countries receive an economic benefit from the program as well, however this impact is much more significant for the Canadian state.

Drug abuse and drug addiction among students of University of Rajshahi

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Faiqua Tahjiba
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Monthly Expenditure ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Research Show

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the actual condition of the students of University of Rajshahi (RU) regarding drug abuse and addiction. Using case study method the research was conducted with four objectives: (a) to find out how respondents began drug abuse; (b) to discover the causes of their drug addiction; (c) to understand the process of their drug abuse; and (d) to find out the economic, social and health effects of drug abuse. Methods: Case study method was used in this research. Through snowball sampling 18 drug- addicted students of RU were selected as respondents. In-depth interview with a schedule was used to collect data from the respondents in January 2019. Results: Findings of the study show that the causes of drug addiction included curiosity, frustration, friends’ request, neglect from family and friends etc. The drugs which they usually abused were Yaba, Phensydyle, Ganja (Weed), Chuani etc. Their average monthly expenditure for collecting drugs was in between Taka 8,000-10,000. They collected those drugs from rickshaw pullers at different points within the campus and from Mizaner Mor, Budhpara slum and other places outside the campus. The respondents opined that drugs were available if sufficient money could be spent. The respondents had senior and junior fellow students and local boys as companions while taking drugs. Most of them faced physical problems after taking drugs, and some of them tried to get rid of this curse of drug addiction. Conclusion: The findings of this research show that the rate of drug addiction among the students of RU was quite alarming. Therefore, all stakeholders including the students, guardians, teachers, university authority, the law makers and law enforcing agencies, researchers, civil society, NGO’s and the state must come forward together to combat this formidable foe.

Illegal rattan extraction trends in the Ankasa Conservation Area in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
R. Obour, D. Amankwaa, A. Asare
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
The North ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products

Protected Areas (PAs) are created for the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, but many of Ghana’s PAs are subjectto severe pressures and threats, the main pressures being the illegal extraction of natural resources. Rattans are indisputablyone of the most important Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Ghana’s Protected Areas that is without doubt one of thereasons for which it has drawn the attention of researchers. In this study the illegal rattan extraction patterns in the AnkasaConservation Area (ACA) in Ghana was inspected. Simple random sampling and Snowball sampling techniques were used. Datacollection employed the use of semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and field enumeration of rattans as well as an analysisof Effective Patrol Man-days (EPMDS) from 2004 to 2012. The results showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.75, p<0.05, r2 = 0.557) between patrol effort and rattan extraction encounters. In addition, there was a general reduction in illegalrattan extraction encounters from 2004 to 2012 at a rate of 4.3 per year. The highest illegal rattan extraction incidences wererecorded in 2006 (76 encounters), 2005 (35 encounters), 2008 (22 encounters), 2004 (18 encounters) and the least incidencewere recorded in both 2010 (3 encounters) and 2011 (3 encounters).The research also revealed that Eremospatha macrocarpawas the most extracted rattan species followed by Laccosperma secundiflorum. The major rattan extraction and trade routesoriginate in the northern parts and in the area east of the reserve and also south of Draw River Forest Reserve. Generally, rattanpoaching in Ankasa Conservation Area has declined, but there are still human incursions in the northern part of the reserve. Thestudy recommended an intensification of patrols in the north of the reserve. Also, enrichment planting and Agroforestry practicesof inter-cropping rattans with seasonal crops should be pursued vigorously for the local communities.

Narrative Continuity/Rupture: Projected Professional Futures amid Pervasive Employment Precarity

2021 ◽  
pp. 073088842110282
Author(s):  
Elena Ayala-Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Cultural Narratives ◽  
Future Projections ◽  
Cultural Narrative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stable Employment ◽  
Past Conditions

As working conditions change worldwide, employment precarity is increasing, including for groups for whom such conditions are unexpected. This study investigates how members of one such group—educationally advantaged young adults—describe their professional futures in a context of unprecedented employment precarity where their expected trajectories are no longer easily achievable. Using 75 interviews with young university graduates in Madrid, Spain, I find that most young graduates drew on a long-standing cultural narrative, which I call the “achievement narrative,” to imagine future stable employment. Simultaneously, most denounced this narrative as fraudulent. To explain this finding, I draw on the concept of hysteresis: the mismatch between beliefs that are dependent on the past conditions that produced them and the available opportunities in the present. I argue that hysteresis can extend into future projections; projected futures can be guided by beliefs based on past conditions more than by lived experiences in the present. Further, I argue that the achievement narrative itself reinforces hysteresis in future projections due to its resonance and institutional support. The paper offers new insights into projected futures and employment precarity by analyzing the future projections of a privileged cohort facing unexpected precarity, further develops the concept of hysteresis, and extends the study of cultural narratives.

scholarly journals LGBTQ+ Aging Research in Canada: A 30-Year Scoping Review of the Literature

Geriatrics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Kimberley Wilson ◽  
Arne Stinchcombe ◽  
Sophie M. Regalado
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Diverse Groups

Canada has a unique socio-political history concerning the inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) people. With aging populations, understanding diverse groups of older adults is paramount. We completed a systematic search and scoping review of research in Canada to quantify and articulate the scale and scope of research on LGBTQ+ aging. Our search identified over 4000 results and, after screening for relevance, our review focused on 70 articles. Five major themes in the literature on LGBTQ+ aging in Canada were identified: (1) risk, (2) HIV, (3) stigma, and discrimination as barriers to care, (4) navigating care and identity, (5) documenting the history and changing policy landscapes. Most of the articles were not focused on the aging, yet the findings are relevant when considering the lived experiences of current older adults within LGBTQ+ communities. Advancing the evidence on LGBTQ+ aging involves improving the quality of life and aging experiences for LGBTQ+ older adults through research.

“I Was Able to Still Do My Job on the Field and Keep Playing”: An Investigation of Female and Male Athletes’ Experiences With (Not) Reporting Concussions

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Sanderson ◽  
Melinda Weathers ◽  
Katherine Snedaker ◽  
Kelly Gramlich
Keyword(s):  
Group Theory ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Athletic Competition ◽  
Concussion Management

This research applied muted group theory to investigate female and male athletes’ experiences with not reporting concussions sustained during athletic competition. Using snowball-sampling techniques, a total of 365 women and 247 men completed an online open-ended questionnaire about their reasons for not reporting a concussion. Results indicated that male athletes were more likely to continue to play through and not report a concussion than female athletes. Participants also indicated that they did not report concussions due to (a) perceived lack of resources, (b) perceived lack of severity, (c) conformance to sport cultural norms, which was comprised of two subthemes: adherence to the pain principle and team allegiance. The results suggest that efforts to address concussion management in sport need to focus on the communicative and structural elements that privilege hegemonic masculinity and playing through pain, as they contribute to muting athletes in advocating for their health.

scholarly journals Analysis of Market Structure-Conduct-Performance of Gurame Fish (Osphonemus gouramy) in Kediri Regency

2019 ◽  
Vol 006 (02) ◽  
pp. 134-148
Author(s):  
BJ. Al-Baiquni ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Accounts Payable ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Marketing Margins

The role of marketing institutions is important for conducting marketing activities, so that research has a purpose for: 1) knowing the market structure of gurame fish, 2) describing the behavior of gurame fish marketing institutions, 3) knowing the performance of marketing institutions for gurame fish in Kediri Regency. Type of research is descriptive using analysis of structure, conduct, and performance. Sampling techniques using purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques, data collection techniques by observation, direct interviews and documentation. The results of the study are based on market structure that is influenced by the number of sellers and buyers, barriers to entry and exit markets, and market information indicating that the formed market structure is oligopoly; There are still many marketing agency behaviors that harm several parties in marketing such as accounts payable, and other fraudulent practices; The marketing of gurame fish in Kediri Regecy cannot be said to be efficient because of the uneven distribution of marketing margins, costs, and profits of each institution, as well as the high margin value, costs, and profits from one of the marketing institutions, large-scale collectors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document